Critique on Hofstede's Five Dimensions in Relation to China——Taking Intel and Ernst & Young(China)as Examples

The author conducts an empirical research on Chinese performance on Hofstede’s five dimensions in this thesis.Hofstede's Values Survey Module 1994(VSM94)survey instrument is adopted by a sample of 200 Chinese employees of two international companies,Intel and EY to measure personal values.The author compares the personal values of global company employees in China today with Chinese national culture dimensions which were first identified by Hofstede and the results are very different from Hofstede’s conclusions whose data was collected from 1984 to 1996.According to Hofstede,China is a strongly collectivist,"above average"masculine,high power distance,low uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation country while the findings of this study is that China has changed to strongly individualistic,strongly feminine,low power distance,high uncertainty avoidance and short-term oriented.The result can to some extent reflect the changed Chinese culture and can serve as the guidance in human resource management.

Application of Structural Equation Modeling to Evaluate Service Quality of Sportswear Retailing

Structural Equation Modeling （SEM） used widely in sociology, economics and psychology is adopted. Based on data obtained from marketing research, and using statistical analysis software SPSSll. 0 and LISRELS. 7, Theory of Five Dimensions of service quality is proved to be suitable in sportswear retailing in China. It analyzes the relationship among five dimensions and puts them in order of importance as to service quality in sportswear retailing. Advices are given for sportswear retail companies to improve their .Service quality and enhance customer loyalty.

Research based on the Web Shopping service Quality and Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty

The online shopping has changed people＇s traditional mode of shopping. With more and more customers participate in online shopping, and the online shopping service providers need to improve the quality of service to attract customers to improve customer satisfaction. Based on SERVQUAL model, this paper explores the association between various dimensions of service quality of the web-based shopping and customer satisfaction and service loyalty, and gives an analysis of the five dimensions of quality of service in the context of online shopping, the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction and loyalty, and thus providing the reference for online shopping service.

Personal and Social Voices in Written Discourse Revisited

For years, personal and social voices have been the issue of discussion on voice construction in written discourse(e.g., Elbow, 1999;Flowerdew, 2011;Hyland, 2002, 2010 a, 2012 b;Mauranen, 2013;Ramanathan & Atkinson, 1999;Tardy, 2005). However, there is a lack of an integrated examination of the dimensions which determine voice construction in writing from personal and social perspectives. This article re-examines the issue of voice construction through a critical review of previous literature on identity in written discourse. It is argued that there are five major dimensions for the construction of voice in written discourse. How writers appropriate their voice according to such five dimensions as genre, transition, culture, discipline and audience will be discussed. This paper lends further support to the view that voice in written discourse is both personal and social. As it is known, good writing expresses both personal and social voices. However, based on the dominant dimension(s), voice construction should be adjusted. Sometimes personal voice is boldly expressed;sometimes social voice is;and some other times the boundary between the two is unnoticeable. The study provides an integrated framework as well as pedagogical implications for the teaching of academic writing within L1 and L2 contexts.