Barriers and strategies in listening comprehension

A variety of barriers to listening comprehension are illustrated in this paper. They are analyzed respectively and several effective strategies are also presented afterward. The barriers to listening are those of psychological quality, language knowledge, cultural background, Chinese interference and so on. The strategies should be as follows: training students' psychological quality,strengthening the teaching and learning of language knowledge,comparing cultural differences, using student-centered teaching method and combining intensive listening and extensive listening.

On the Application of Cognitive Strategy in College English Listening Comprehension——With International Talents Training as the Goal

This paper, with the training of the international talents possessing remarkable English listening and speaking ability,mainly discusses the specific application of the cognitive strategy in different stages of college English listening comprehension.It is expected that the paper can bring some useful enlightenments on the international talents training.

Second Language Lecture Comprehension: Student's Perception, Problems and Strategies

The ability to comprehend academic lecture is an important part of the necessary proficiency of tertiary level students for whom English is a second or foreign language. The purpose of this research is to investigate the lecture-perceived experience of one non-nativespeaking learner who attending her English medium lecture course in the first semester in New Zealand. It describes how the learner perceives the lecturing experience, the problems she encounters and the strategies she use to overcome these problems.

Investigating Overseas Students' Use of Communication Strategy And the Value for English Acquisition

The use of communication strategies helps these students achieve successful communication.The present study is conducted to investigate Chinese overseas students' use of communication strategy and the value for English acquisition.It found what strategies students usually use and find effective and how students use these strategies in order to overcome obstacles in communication.In addition,it investigated students' consciousness of using strategies and to some extent the questionnaires helped some of the students start thinking about using strategies consciously.

Metacognitive Strategy Use in English Reading Comprehension

Metacogonitive strategies are in connection with the reading process. It is essential for language learners to master a series of metacogonitive strategies. Teachers should conduct metacognitive training among students. Thus, students are sure to improve their reading proficiency with some metacognitive knowledge during the reading process.

Discourse Comprehension and Reading Strategies for Freshmen of Non-English Majors

This paper firstly discusses the nature of discourse comprehesion,and then analyzes the importance of reading strategy instructionon reading comprehension. Finally,it presents some useful approaches to help freshmen of non-English majors read effectively.

A Research into English Learning Strategies of Preparatory Ethnic Minority Education

On the basis of survey, students of Preparatory Ethnic Minority are not interested in English learning, and they lack language learning strategies, listening and oral abilities when they are studying English. According to theories of Second Language Acquisition, connected with teaching practice, new English Learning Model is discussed and constructed. It includes"1+2+3" curriculum model, which advocates"Student centered"teaching method and setting up optional courses so that students will at tain the set goal smoothly.

A Shifting Strategy for Electric Commercial Vehicles Considering Mass and Gradient Estimation

The extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm and acceleration sensor measurements were used to identify vehiclemass and road gradient in the work. Four different states of fixed mass, variable mass, fixed slope and variableslope were set to simulate real-time working conditions, respectively. A comprehensive electric commercial vehicleshifting strategy was formulated according to the identification results. The co-simulation results showed that,compared with the recursive least square (RLS) algorithm, the proposed algorithm could identify the real-timevehicle mass and road gradient quickly and accurately. The comprehensive shifting strategy formulated had thefollowing advantages, e.g., avoiding frequent shifting of vehicles up the hill, making full use ofmotor braking downthe hill, and improving the overall performance of vehicles.

The Use of Listening Comprehension Strategies by Non English Majors

With the development of psycho-linguistics in the past twenty years or so, listening comprehension strategy has become an increasingly important aspect of research on Second Language Acquisition and Instruction. Although much has been done by researchers like O’Malley, Bacon, Richard, there is still some argument about what are listening comprehension strategies, how they can be classified, and what, as well as how they can be taught in class. This article is intended to contribute some ideas to these controversial fields of research on Listening Comprehension Strategy.\;For the theoretical aspect, the writers of this article venture a system of strategies, which is based on the well-established cognitive classification of learning strategies, and at the same time includes those strategies characteristic of listening comprehension.\;For the practical aspect, in order to find out on what strategies students need more training, a survey has been conducted on how students (first year and second year non-English majors) make use of listening comprehension strategies in the process of listening comprehension. By analyzing the students’ response to the survey, the writers of this article find that both first year and second year students are weak at using listening comprehension strategies. Of the 25 strategies, only 8 strategies are within the students’ command. This is explained as a result of lack of training in class. The writers appeal for more strategy-consciousness on the part of English teachers. The writers also find that the most serious problem in strategy using lies in discourse strategies, the difficulty of which often goes hand in hand with that in reading comprehension. And the training of discourse strategies is predicted by the writers of this article to be the most difficult part of listening class.\;

Study on the relationship between the reading anxiety and the reading strategy in foreign language learning

This study is concerned with the possible relationship between language anxiety and language learning strategies in reading process among the students of English as a foreign language （EFL）. Participants consist of a volunteer pool of 120 sophomore non-English majors. Versions of previously published measurement scales, the Foreign Language Reading Anxiety Scales （FLRAS） and the Survey of the Reading Strategies （SOR）, were administered to the subjects as measures of foreign language anxiety and foreign language learning strategy preferences. Based on the collected data, the statistics descriptions were performed to investigate the students＇ anxiety state and strategy use level. The analyses suggest that most of students have the anxiety level above the mean, and the anxiety regarding the reading confidence is mainly responsible for the students＇ reading anxiety, and meanwhile, students use more cognitive strategies in their reading and the level of their language learning strategies are relatively low. Results indicate no significant differences between males and females on their anxiety level, as well as their strategy use. Furthermore, a Pearson correlation analysis reveals that, for the most learners, the anxiety state do hinder them from choosing effective strategies in their reading. The study explores the relationship between the reading anxiety and the reading strategy, demonstrates the effects of the anxiety reduction training on the strategy use, provides the implications for foreign language teachers that in reading comprehension teaching they should focus more on students＇ anxiety, especially their reading confidence anxiety, and encourage them more.

The Effect of Learning Strategies on Reading Comprehension

Learning strategies are usually regarded as one of the aspects of the cognitive psychology and reading is a cognitive process in which the reader engages in a conversation with the text or the author. Then is there any relationship between learning strategies and reading comprehension？ To explore this, an experimental study is conducted in this paper. The conclusion is thereafter reached that reading comprehension is closely related to and greatly affected by learning strategies, especially cognitive and metacognitive strategies.

Question-Generation Reading Strategy of Iranian EFL Learners

This paper tries to explore the effect of question-generation reading strategy on the reading comprehension of Iranian intermediate EFL （English as a Foreign Language） learners. Since the researchers did not have any control over randomization of students and it was considered as one of the features of experimental method, this study is not a true experimental method. This method is called Intact Group Study. In this research there were experimental and control groups. The age range of the learners in both groups was between 19 to 22; the age range difference was so limited that we could neglect the difference concem. The number of students in both groups was closely the same. One of these groups received question-generation reading strategy instruction and the other group---control group--did not receive this instruction. Participants in both groups studied a task-based course book called New Interchange 3 by Richards （2005）. They studied the last eight units of this book during a whole term. The instruction was the same for both groups except for the reading parts. Participants in experimental group were taught how to generate questions as being linked to the main ideas of the text they were reading. They were also given feedback on the correctness of the questions they generated. Then they answered the follow-up questions However, participants in control group received a traditional method of reading for comprehension; they read the text on their own and answered the follow-up questions. Of course both groups enjoyed a warm-up before reading each text. The statistical independent group T-test of the reading comprehension posttest showed that participants in the experimental group performed better than the students in the control group

Listening Strategies in English Listening Comprehension of College Students

Listening is playing a fundamental role in foreign language learning.This thesis aims at finding the major problems con-fronting students in listening comprehension of non-English majors and the total usage of listening strategies,hoping to providesome useful suggestions for college English listening teaching and learning.The result shows that the biggest problem students con-fronted is vocabulary and the overall strategy use by students is at a medium frequency level.At last,specific suggestions are pro-vided for both students and English teachers based on the result of this research.

Investigating the Use of Strategic Reading Activities in College English Class: A Case Study

This paper,by adopting a qualitative research method,investigated the use of strategic reading activities by two female teachers in College English classes.Results showed that their commonly-used strategic reading activities in college English classes reflected three types of reading comprehension strategies including use of prior knowledge,use of text elements with a high information value,and use of structure-marking elements in the text.Pedagogical implications were also discussed.

A New Method to Optimize the Maintenance Strategy of HVDC Transmission System

A method based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to optimize the maintenance strategy of HVDC transmission system is proposed to provide quantitative reference for the maintenance arrangements. Firstly, a system based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, is established to fuzzy the index results of power system adequacy evaluation, so as to analysis the degree of risk in the operation of power system and the effect brought by the maintenance of HVDC. Then, the proposal on the maintenance of HVDC can be formed through the quantization and evaluation summary of the fuzzy results. The equivalent network of the China Southern Power Grid in 2011 ,which respectively operates in the circumstances of peak load, general load and low load, demonstrates the HVDC transmission systems in different operation modes have corresponding Overhaul timing .The result shows that the method proposed is valid and in accordance with engineering practice.

Multiple Choice Reading Comprehension Tests and English as a Foreign Language （EFL） Learners Answering Strategies

As far as we are concemed, one of the elements of assessing EFL/ESL （English as a Foreign Language/English as a Second Language） learners＇ language proficiency in institutions and universities in our country ＂lran＂ are multiple-choice reading comprehension tests. We also know that, it comprises one major section of the standard and TOEFL （Test of English as a Foreign Language） tests. Taking into account its importance and the problems which EFL learners have answered them, I get motivated to uncover some of the test-taking strategies which they employ to answer multiple-choice reading comprehension questions when dealing with familiar versus unfamiliar topics. To get a better conclusion, I choose 20 advanced male and female candidates whose English proficiency is at an acceptable level and at least at the same age level, and they major in English language from different colleges and universities. They are given two reading comprehension passages （familiar and unfamiliar）, each one with five final questions and allotted time to answer the questions. Two main instruments in this study are a retrospective think-aloud protocol and a semi-structured interview. The results of the reading comprehension tests and interview part revealed that advanced learners＇ high scores in the familiar topic were not because of their strategy use but because of their high linguistic and background knowledge on the topic. I also concluded that the number, kind, and sequence of strategies employed, were greatly dependent on the degree of testees＇ familiarity on the topic. In other words, test-takers used more strategies to compensate for their lack of linguistic knowledge.

Concerted Practice of the Four–Pronged Comprehensive Strategy Together with the “Five Development Concepts”

The practice of adhering to and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics requires the concerted practice of the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy together with the five major development concepts.First,the implementation of the five major development concepts can be deemed as the precursor to the country's goal of building a moderately prosperous society.To this end,we shall innovatively tackle the developmental problems,coordinate social and economical development,leverage sound economic growth and resource exploitation,and practice open development strategies for the goal of creating prosperity for the entire population of China.Also,with the five major development concepts as a prerequisite for deepening reform,new measures shall be taken to creatively solve specific reform issues.Coordination shall be considered to keep all measures in one system and entity.We shall take green development concept to remove all the obstacles on our path to reform,and take opening-up concept to keep transparent and impartial reform atmosphere and sharing concept to ensure the beneficial policies and projects for the well being of all people.Moreover,implementing the five major development concepts as the foundation for law-based governance of China,innovation shall be made to develop a complete,standardized legal system,and coordination shall be developed for the legal guarantee of concerted and upgraded national hard and soft power.We shall take the green development concept for an equal legal environment,the opening-up concept to build law-based awareness for the whole society,and the sharing concept to benefit all people with fairness and righteousness in every judicial case.The five major development concepts shall be the cornerstone for strengthening Party self-discipline,by which we shall innovatively enhance Party leadership,coordinately build the Party and the Party's leading role,build a sound,orderly and vigorous political structure within the Party with green development concept.

A Study on the Application of Cognitive Strategies in Teaching Reading Comprehension——Take the case of two class-hour as an example

The author explores and sums up the cognitive strategies related to reading comprehension; demonstrates the application of them with a teaching design to illustrate the teaching reading comprehension process to the students and motivate them.

The Effects of Web-Based Listening Strategy Training on Thai High School EFL Students＇ Listening Comprehension

This study investigated the effects of a CLSTS （Computer-Assisted Listening Strategy Training Software） program on the development of students＇ ability to use four target listening strategies to enhance their listening comprehension. This study covered an experimental group and a control group. The participants were Grade 10 Thai EFL （English as a Foreign Language） students in a Thai high school in Bangkok, Thailand. Experimental group performance was compared to that of a control group on the five research instruments. Regarding the effect of the CLSTS on the students＇ ability to use the target listening strategies to enhance their listening comprehension, it was found that the CLSTS was significantly effective. The results that made CLSTS effective were categorized into six main aspects.

An Empirical Study of Listening Comprehension Strategies in Autonomous Learning Environment

This is a report on an empirical study of listening comprehension strategies in autonomous learning environment which was conducted among the second-year non-English majors in Shandong University （Weihai） on the basis of O＇Malley and Chamot＇s theory of learning strategies, dating from September, 2010 to January, 2011. The study aims to verify the teachability of listening comprehension strategies, the enhancement of students＇ awareness of applying these strategies in their listening comprehension pratice and positive effects of listening comprehension strategies cast on students＇ listening comprehension proficiency. Questionnares on listening comprehension strategies were conducted at the beginning and at the end of the research respectively, in addition to the listening comprehension strategies training from the beginning to the end of the research. Besides, there was a interview arranged in the middle of the research. Meanwhile, there were two listening comprehension proficiency tests arranged at the beginning and at the end of the research. According to the results, it can be indicated that the students＇ strategy awareness can be promoted, while their listening proficiency also can be improved by the listening comprehension strategy training.