"Tourism-Assisting the Poor" has been an important approach in anti-poverty strategy. Studies suggest that the conventional tourism model fails to generate benefits for the poor and to some extent enlarges t..."Tourism-Assisting the Poor" has been an important approach in anti-poverty strategy. Studies suggest that the conventional tourism model fails to generate benefits for the poor and to some extent enlarges the gap between the poor and the rich, which subsequently causes more social problems. Pro-poor tourism(PPT) is regarded as an alternative model. Precisely targeted assistance to the poor is the key to initiating this model, while the institutional change and implementation mechanism are essential to run it successfully and sustainably. Social entrepreneurship focusing on social values while adopting modern business philosophy has been introduced recently as an instrument in helping disadvantage population. This paper takes the Smangus community in Taiwan as an example to explore the role of social entrepreneurship and social enterprises in PPT development. It also discusses their implications for the anti-poverty practice in other regions including ethnic areas in China.展开更多
In this article,comparative research on residents' effect perception,participation capacity and willingness on Pro-poor Tourism( PPT) is given based on the questionnaire carried out in Wulong County and Fengjie Co...In this article,comparative research on residents' effect perception,participation capacity and willingness on Pro-poor Tourism( PPT) is given based on the questionnaire carried out in Wulong County and Fengjie County in Three Gorges Area,Chongqing,China. Some technologies,such as SPSS 13. 0,ANOVA and T-test are applied to analyze the data and results show Wulong residents' perception behavior is better than that of Fengjie residents. Moreover,the residents with different demographic characteristics have different participation behavior.Finally,multiple regression analysis is applied to identify the key factors influencing residents' perception behavior,that is participation willingness and positive economic effect perception,positive social and cultural effect perception and participation capacity.展开更多
Relying on rich tourism resources of the Dabie Mountains to accelerate industrialized poverty alleviation and development is the inevitable choice of promoting regional economic and social leapfrog development. The re...Relying on rich tourism resources of the Dabie Mountains to accelerate industrialized poverty alleviation and development is the inevitable choice of promoting regional economic and social leapfrog development. The realistic basis of pro-poor tourism of the Dabie Mountains is already ready and continuously strengthened. This paper, based on domestic and foreign pro-poor tourism practices, put forward the development path to pro-poor-tourism of Dabie Mountains of "establishing tourism development platform with the government as the leading factor; establishing the benefit sharing mechanism of pro-poor tourism with community participation as the main line; improving the community residents' professionalism in engaging in tourism with local residents as the main body; enhancing the overall effectiveness of pro-poor tourism with tourism as the principal industry".展开更多
Background:The pitfall of top-down approach to development is identified as a major cause of aid inefficiency.The approach is fraught with corruption and unethical practices that have bedeviled aid administration.Mean...Background:The pitfall of top-down approach to development is identified as a major cause of aid inefficiency.The approach is fraught with corruption and unethical practices that have bedeviled aid administration.Meanwhile,the impact of remittances has been widely acknowledged in the national development process.Methods:This study therefore reviews the extant foreign aid administrative norms and practices using various conceptual frameworks and diagrammatic representations with a view to identifying the inherent weaknesses in the process.Results:In the light of the findings,the study pitches its tent around the concept of remittances as a learning process for aid administration.Consequently,the pro-poor and gender focus approaches of remittances to development,as well as its bottomup approach is proposed as a conceptual framework for aid administration.Conclusions:The study concludes that,strict adherence to bottom-up approaches proposed in this article would keep corruption and other unethical practices which have rendered the aid administrative process inefficient,to the barest minimum.展开更多
Tourism is viewed as a medium to reduce poverty.The pro-poor tourism (PPT) approach has therefore emerged as the medium for tourism development to influence poverty reduction. The approach stresses on tourism developm...Tourism is viewed as a medium to reduce poverty.The pro-poor tourism (PPT) approach has therefore emerged as the medium for tourism development to influence poverty reduction. The approach stresses on tourism development in ways to accrue net benefits to the poor through diverse strategies including those that generate employmentopportunities, infrastructural development, and skills enhancement of locals in entrepreneurial activities. Also stressed is the inclusion of the poor in tourism decision making. While the pro-poor tourism approach has gained scholarly attention, much of these studies turned to assessed PPT impactson poverty reduction in communities with limited discussion on products development. Yet, product development is considered to be the means by which tourism can contribute to local economic development and by extension, poverty reduction. This paper examines the PPT concept and argues for PPT works to examine how products are develop to influence poverty reduction with recommendations of making PPT work for the poor. This follows with implications for further research works on PPT and its development.展开更多
Income mobility is a key issue for understanding the process of economic growth and distributional change.Some economists have used the concept of“pro-poor growth”to examine,with individual-level panel data,whether ...Income mobility is a key issue for understanding the process of economic growth and distributional change.Some economists have used the concept of“pro-poor growth”to examine,with individual-level panel data,whether the poor benefit more than the rich from economic growth by tracking the extent of income mobility among different population subgroups.There is also literature in macroeconomics on the measurement of convergence.This paper introduces population-weighted relative and absolute indices of mobility,convergence,and pro-poor growth;it also distinguishes between anonymous and nonanonymous approaches to these issues.The empirical analysis is based on Chinese panel data for the period 2010–2018.In both absolute and relative terms,income growth in China was greater for individuals with an initially lower income but only for lower income deciles in relative terms.There was also an overall increase in individual welfare from anonymous and nonanonymous perspectives,which was higher among younger individuals.The welfare of the poor did not increase more than that of the nonpoor.These results shed light on the evolution of income distribution in China during the past decade's rapid economic growth.展开更多
This paper analyzes the evolving trends in China’s rural poverty from 1988 to 2018 and how income growth and income gaps contributed to poverty reduction using rural household data from the China Household Income Pro...This paper analyzes the evolving trends in China’s rural poverty from 1988 to 2018 and how income growth and income gaps contributed to poverty reduction using rural household data from the China Household Income Project(CHIP).We find that after China’s reform and opening up policy introduced in 1978,China’s rural poverty has been reduced substantially due primarily to income growth,although this poverty-reducing effect was partially offset by widening income gaps.During the progress of this poverty reduction,however,income distribution replaced income growth as the key driver.For the extremely poor in particular,their poverty status hinged upon income distribution.As revealed by our empirical analysis of income sources,wage income became the chief source of income for rural households,contributing a rising share to poverty reduction in the countryside.The contribution of net income from government transfer to poverty reduction has increased in recent years,and this contribution has been increased with the deepening level of poverty.Calculation of the pro-poor growth index suggests that the poor population primarily benefited from the trickle-down effect of economic growth,and the economic growth pattern has yet to lean towards pro-poor growth.展开更多
文摘"Tourism-Assisting the Poor" has been an important approach in anti-poverty strategy. Studies suggest that the conventional tourism model fails to generate benefits for the poor and to some extent enlarges the gap between the poor and the rich, which subsequently causes more social problems. Pro-poor tourism(PPT) is regarded as an alternative model. Precisely targeted assistance to the poor is the key to initiating this model, while the institutional change and implementation mechanism are essential to run it successfully and sustainably. Social entrepreneurship focusing on social values while adopting modern business philosophy has been introduced recently as an instrument in helping disadvantage population. This paper takes the Smangus community in Taiwan as an example to explore the role of social entrepreneurship and social enterprises in PPT development. It also discusses their implications for the anti-poverty practice in other regions including ethnic areas in China.
基金Supported by Chongqing Social Science Planning Project(2012BS44)Special Funds of Central Universities Basic Research Funds under Southwest University(SWU1309219)
文摘In this article,comparative research on residents' effect perception,participation capacity and willingness on Pro-poor Tourism( PPT) is given based on the questionnaire carried out in Wulong County and Fengjie County in Three Gorges Area,Chongqing,China. Some technologies,such as SPSS 13. 0,ANOVA and T-test are applied to analyze the data and results show Wulong residents' perception behavior is better than that of Fengjie residents. Moreover,the residents with different demographic characteristics have different participation behavior.Finally,multiple regression analysis is applied to identify the key factors influencing residents' perception behavior,that is participation willingness and positive economic effect perception,positive social and cultural effect perception and participation capacity.
基金Sponsored by Key Research Projects in Humanities and Social Sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(15D115)Technology Innovation Team Projects for Outstanding Young and Middle-Aged Scholars of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(Q20162907)
文摘Relying on rich tourism resources of the Dabie Mountains to accelerate industrialized poverty alleviation and development is the inevitable choice of promoting regional economic and social leapfrog development. The realistic basis of pro-poor tourism of the Dabie Mountains is already ready and continuously strengthened. This paper, based on domestic and foreign pro-poor tourism practices, put forward the development path to pro-poor-tourism of Dabie Mountains of "establishing tourism development platform with the government as the leading factor; establishing the benefit sharing mechanism of pro-poor tourism with community participation as the main line; improving the community residents' professionalism in engaging in tourism with local residents as the main body; enhancing the overall effectiveness of pro-poor tourism with tourism as the principal industry".
文摘Background:The pitfall of top-down approach to development is identified as a major cause of aid inefficiency.The approach is fraught with corruption and unethical practices that have bedeviled aid administration.Meanwhile,the impact of remittances has been widely acknowledged in the national development process.Methods:This study therefore reviews the extant foreign aid administrative norms and practices using various conceptual frameworks and diagrammatic representations with a view to identifying the inherent weaknesses in the process.Results:In the light of the findings,the study pitches its tent around the concept of remittances as a learning process for aid administration.Consequently,the pro-poor and gender focus approaches of remittances to development,as well as its bottomup approach is proposed as a conceptual framework for aid administration.Conclusions:The study concludes that,strict adherence to bottom-up approaches proposed in this article would keep corruption and other unethical practices which have rendered the aid administrative process inefficient,to the barest minimum.
文摘Tourism is viewed as a medium to reduce poverty.The pro-poor tourism (PPT) approach has therefore emerged as the medium for tourism development to influence poverty reduction. The approach stresses on tourism development in ways to accrue net benefits to the poor through diverse strategies including those that generate employmentopportunities, infrastructural development, and skills enhancement of locals in entrepreneurial activities. Also stressed is the inclusion of the poor in tourism decision making. While the pro-poor tourism approach has gained scholarly attention, much of these studies turned to assessed PPT impactson poverty reduction in communities with limited discussion on products development. Yet, product development is considered to be the means by which tourism can contribute to local economic development and by extension, poverty reduction. This paper examines the PPT concept and argues for PPT works to examine how products are develop to influence poverty reduction with recommendations of making PPT work for the poor. This follows with implications for further research works on PPT and its development.
基金A previous version of this paper was presented by Jacques Silber at the Western Economic Association International(WEAI)15th International Conference,which took place on March 21–24,2019,at Keio University,Tokyo,Japan.Jacques Silber is grateful to the participants in his session,in particular to Peter Phelps,for their very useful comments.He is also grateful for the comments he received at seminars that he gave at the Asian Growth Research Institute in Kitakyushu and at Kyoto University,and at the Encuentro de Economia Publica(Barcelona,January 23–24,2020)Elena Bárcena-Martín acknowledges financial aid from Grant PID2020-115429GB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033Yuan Zhang acknowledges financial aid from the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72173026).
文摘Income mobility is a key issue for understanding the process of economic growth and distributional change.Some economists have used the concept of“pro-poor growth”to examine,with individual-level panel data,whether the poor benefit more than the rich from economic growth by tracking the extent of income mobility among different population subgroups.There is also literature in macroeconomics on the measurement of convergence.This paper introduces population-weighted relative and absolute indices of mobility,convergence,and pro-poor growth;it also distinguishes between anonymous and nonanonymous approaches to these issues.The empirical analysis is based on Chinese panel data for the period 2010–2018.In both absolute and relative terms,income growth in China was greater for individuals with an initially lower income but only for lower income deciles in relative terms.There was also an overall increase in individual welfare from anonymous and nonanonymous perspectives,which was higher among younger individuals.The welfare of the poor did not increase more than that of the nonpoor.These results shed light on the evolution of income distribution in China during the past decade's rapid economic growth.
文摘This paper analyzes the evolving trends in China’s rural poverty from 1988 to 2018 and how income growth and income gaps contributed to poverty reduction using rural household data from the China Household Income Project(CHIP).We find that after China’s reform and opening up policy introduced in 1978,China’s rural poverty has been reduced substantially due primarily to income growth,although this poverty-reducing effect was partially offset by widening income gaps.During the progress of this poverty reduction,however,income distribution replaced income growth as the key driver.For the extremely poor in particular,their poverty status hinged upon income distribution.As revealed by our empirical analysis of income sources,wage income became the chief source of income for rural households,contributing a rising share to poverty reduction in the countryside.The contribution of net income from government transfer to poverty reduction has increased in recent years,and this contribution has been increased with the deepening level of poverty.Calculation of the pro-poor growth index suggests that the poor population primarily benefited from the trickle-down effect of economic growth,and the economic growth pattern has yet to lean towards pro-poor growth.
