Production Chain Length and PPI-CPI Divergence:Analysis Based on the Global Input-output Price Model

Productivity and international energy price shocks are reflected in PPI and CPI via industrial chains.China’s in-depth participation into the global value chains has increasingly lengthened its industrial production chains.The question is how the changing length of production chains will affect CPI and PPI,as well as CPI-PPI correlation?By constructing a global input-output price model,this paper offers a theoretical discussion on the impact of production chain length on the CPI-PPI divergence.Our findings suggest that the price shock of international bulk commodities has a greater impact on China’s PPI than that on CPI.The effects on both China’s PPI and CPI estimated by using the single-country input-output model are higher than the results estimated with the global input-output model.However,the difference between CPI and PPI variations estimated with the global input-output model is greater than the result estimated with the single-country input-output model,which supports the view that the lengthening of production chains,especially international production chains,leads to a divergence between CPI and PPI.Empirical results based on cross-national panel data also suggest that the lengthening of production chains has reduced the CPI-PPI correlation for countries,i.e.the lengthening of production chains has increased the PPI-CPI divergence.That is to say,policymakers should target not just CPI in maintaining price stability,but instead focus on the stability of both PPI and CPI.Efforts can be made to proactively adjust the price index system,and formulate the industrial chain price index.

The evolution analysis of agricultural global value chains

With the Uruguay Round bringing agricultural trade into multilateral regulation,the major countries have actively participated in agricultural global value chains(AGVC)and occupied an important position according to their comparative advantages.Utilizing bilateral agricultural trade data of 66 countries based on the OECD Inter-Country-Input-Output Tables(OECD ICIO)from 2010 to 2018,this study applies social network analysis indicators to measure each country’s eigenvector centrality within AGVC and to examine the current global agricultural trade patterns,with particular attention to the changes in the status of world powers within AGVC.The main findings are as follows:first,with the multilateral and regional trade liberalization,growing numbers of developing nations,including China and India,are engaging in international agricultural trade,which contributes to its diversification;second,as AGVC develops,the structure of global agricultural trade networks has become more decentralized and balanced.This is evidenced by the emergence of additional central nodes,and large nations like the United States,which formerly held the most central position as indicated by a drop in its centrality,are becoming less dominant.

Cross-border Urban Networks Based on Manufacturing Global Value Chain:A Study of Listed Companies in Western China

Cross-border investment is essential for western China’s globalization.Global value chain(GVC)forms cross-border investment networks between industries in western China and overseas cities.Focusing on GVC,this study uses the social network analysis method,entropy method,multi-index comprehensive evaluation method,and quadratic assignment procedure analysis method to examine the characteristics and influencing factors of the urban networks of research and development(R&D),production,and sales formed as a result of the overseas investments of listed manufacturing companies in western China.Results showed that the three types of investment networks involved multiple industry types and multiple central cities with differentiated diversity and multicentrality.The R&D urban network’s leading sub-industries were the mechanical equipment and instruments,medicine and biological products,and metal and nonmetal industries.The destination cities were mostly those home to educational and scientific research centers.The production urban network’s leading sub-industries were the mechanical equipment,instrument,and food and beverage industries.The destination cities were mostly regional central cities in developing countries.The sales urban network’s leading sub-industries were the mechanical equipment and instrument,metal and nonmetal,and petrochemical and plastics industries.The destination cities were numerous and scattered.In addition,the R&D urban network easily formed specialized clusters,core nodes easily controlled the production urban network,and individual nodes did not easily control the sales urban network.Technological and economic system advantages greatly impacted the three network types.Considering the different influencing factors,this study suggests optimizing the institutional investment environment to narrow the institutional gap,adjusting and optimizing the investment layout to expand overseas markets,and increasing R&D funds to stimulate technological progress and overseas investments in western China.

Small ruminant value chain in Al-Ruwaished District,Jordan

This study aims to assess the small ruminant value chain in Al-Ruwaished District,Jordan,to identify the potential intervention areas that could improve the production efficiency and guarantee the sustainability of the small ruminant sector in this area.Sheep breeding is the source of livelihood for most of the people in Al-Ruwaished District,which is characterized by the large number of sheep and goats.We surveyed 5.0% of the small ruminant holders in the study area and conducted individual interviews and surveys with the potential actors in the value chain to undertake a small ruminant value chain analysis.From the survey,we found that the small ruminant value chain consists of five core functions,namely,input supply,production management,marketing,processing,and consumption.Despite the stable impression given by the large number of holdings in the small ruminant sector,the surveyed results show a clear fragility in the value chain of small ruminants in this area.The small ruminant production system is negatively impacted by climate change,especially continuous drought.In addition,the high prices of feed that the farmer cannot afford with clear and real absence of the governmental and non-governmental support activities also impact the development of the value chain.The results of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats(SWOT)analysis reveal that the major constraints faced by this value chain could be divided into external and internal threats.Specifically,the most prominent external threats are the nature of the desert land and continuous drought,while the major internal threats are the absence of appropriate infrastructure,shortage of inputs,and weakness in the production management and marketing.We proposed solutions to these challenges to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of the sector,such as the formulation of emergency response plans to severe weather,qualifying farmers’skills,and establishment of agricultural cooperative societies.

The Climate Impact of Large-Scale Distributors:Acting on the Supply Chain

This work aims to analyse the actions that companies working in large-scale distribution carry along their value chains to minimise impacts on climate change.Companies operating in this field are aware that it is less effective to act directly on the core processes and need to involve the upstream value chain in their carbon reduction strategy.These businesses,in fact,need to focus on the indirect GHG(Greenhouse Gases)emissions and depend on how suppliers manage their impacts.In this sector,virtuous companies collaborate with their suppliers to get involved in a common path of quantifying and cutting said impacts together.This aspect is particularly relevant in the case of large-scale retailers.However,the process is not immediate since the supply chain is usually very dense and diverse,for instance,adopting various approaches that do not always coincide.In any case,the key aspect is mapping these suppliers:one of the tools mostly used for this purpose is the survey,as a quick instrument able to reach hundreds of suppliers at the same time,receiving a fast and standardized response,which can easily be processed to form a comprehensive and harmonized mapping of the results as the first step for the subsequent implementation of mitigation strategies.

A Study on the Factors Influencing Value-Added in the Cruise Ship Value Chain Based on the DEMATEL-ISM Model

Cruise value chain is to take the exchange of cruise products and services as the core in a certain spatial scope,and enterprises with core advantages within or between different industries establish associations in accordance with certain technical and economic conditions,so as to realise the multi-dimensional extension and value appreciation of the cruise value chain in the vertical and horizontal links,and ultimately establish a chain-network type of enterprise strategic alliance.This paper tries to analyse the value-added factors of the cruise industry chain by constructing a multi-level hierarchical structural model with reference to the influencing factor analysis methods of relevant literature-DEMATEL(Decision Making Experiment and Evaluation Experiment)and ISM(Interpretative Structural Model).The study shows that the innovation and scale value-added module in the upstream of the cruise industry chain is the core module of value-added of the whole cruise industry chain,and the value-added mainly originates from the design and manufacturing of cruise ships.The middle reaches of the cruise industry chain are mainly cruise operation enterprises,and the specificity of cruise operation determines that its brand value-added is mainly accomplished through the global layout of multinational corporations,and the cruise brand is able to drive the consumption demand and has value-added ability.The downstream value-added of the cruise industry chain is mainly realised through the increase in profits of cruise tourism service products.

数据分类分级确权对数据要素价值实现的影响

数据确权是释放数据要素价值的基础,同时也是数据要素市场正常运行和不断发展的关键支撑。研究梳理了数据确权相关概念以及如何建立产权体系以实现数据确权的路径。在此基础上,本研究明晰了数据分类分级确权的具体方式,并基于价值链分析其对数据价值实现中各个环节的影响。研究结果表明,在数据采集环节数据分类分级确权制度能够激励数据供给,提高数据质量,同时激发市场活力;在数据组织环节,它细分了技术工作,保护隐私数据,并挖掘潜在价值;在数据流通环节,它能调节负外部性、降低交易成本、优化资源配置;最后,在数据利用环节,它在数据合规监管和数据价值再开发方面发挥了关键作用。

现代产业链韧性评价及提升路径

国际变局加剧产业链发展风险,产业链韧性是建设现代化产业体系和提升产业链安全的重要基础。理解产业链韧性的内涵及影响因素是建立产业链韧性理论分析的基础,构建包括产业链基础能力、产业链抵御能力、产业链链条控制力和产业链创新能力在内的多维评价指标体系,通过熵值法对产业链韧性水平进行测度评价,并与美国、日本、印度等国家进行国际比较。研究发现,支撑中国产业链韧性的主要因素是包括基础设施、劳动力供给在内的产业链基础能力。与发达国家相比,产业链抵御能力和产业链创新能力对产业链韧性提升的贡献相对较低;近年来中国产业链韧性水平总体呈现上升趋势,但是增速放缓。因此,应该加快关键核心技术攻关的产业链创新能力,提升产业链治理能力,积极开展高水平对外开放和推动产业链数字化转型,成为提升中国产业链韧性的主要政策主张。

全球价值链数字化对中国制造业企业国际分工地位的影响

数字技术发展使全球价值链分工体系向数字化重构并深刻影响中国制造业高质量发展。本文基于K-T数理模型分析开放经济条件下数字中间品投入、出口国内增加值与国际分工地位的相互关系,构建全球价值链数字化与企业国际分工地位的理论分析机制。研究发现:全球价值链数字化通过全要素生产率、贸易成本、产品质量和创新能力这4个渠道提升中国制造业企业国际分工地位;全球价值链数字化对资本密集型企业、一般贸易企业及非国有企业的国际分工地位提升效应较强;全球价值链数字化对知识产权保护较好且研发投入较多地区的企业国际分工地位提升效应较显著。因此,建议从加大国内数字技术研发力度、采用差异化战略引导及加强数字技术知识产权保护等方面激发企业参与全球价值链数字化分工活力,提升企业国际竞争力,促进中国制造业高质量发展。

“一带一路”倡议与全球价值链升级——基于沿线国家的实证数据

基于2007—2020年“一带一路”沿线国家的样本数据,利用多期双重差分模型实证检验了“一带一路”倡议对沿线国家的价值链升级作用。研究结果证实:“一带一路”倡议对于沿线国家全球价值链发展具有显著正向影响。机制分析表明:“一带一路”倡议对沿线国家存在“虹吸效应”,有利于沿线国家的发展。此外,政策沟通对于倡议的推行具有积极的促进作用。研究结果不仅证实了倡议对于沿线国家价值链升级的正向影响,也论证了其中存在的影响机制,为未来进一步的研究提供了理论支撑和有益探索。

场景驱动中国制造企业创新实现全球价值链攀升路径——双重价值链差异性嵌入视角

“双循环”新发展格局下,中国制造业在产业组织形态上既嵌入国内价值链充分依托广袤市场的多元化禀赋,同时又嵌入全球价值链参与国际分工实现动态转型升级,但关于场景驱动制造企业创新的探讨还相对少见。为此,选取中国制造业实现全球价值链攀升的微观基础——制造企业为研究对象,基于场景化要素嵌入背景,以国内价值链嵌入广度和全球价值链嵌入高度为评价指标,考察在国内和全球双重价值链差异性嵌入情境下场景驱动制造企业创新实现全球价值链攀升的路径。从知识创新与扩散、产业集聚与升级、市场拓展与创造、生产性服务支撑4种因素间关系着手,通过对4个典型案例的分析发现,场景驱动制造企业创新实现全球价值链攀升有4条路径:链主企业通过创造需求场景实现全球价值链高位势嵌入;链主企业通过破坏创新场景实现全球价值链颠覆性嵌入;“专精特新”企业通过迭代升级场景实现全球价值链动态化嵌入;“专精特新”企业通过跨界经营场景实现全球价值链错位性嵌入。据此,提出中国制造企业应依据自身在国内和全球双重价值链网络的嵌入广度和高度设计合理的场景驱动创新方式,推进链主企业所属制造业圈层体系根植共生,同时政府及相关管理机构应当更为深入推进产业链、价值链、供应链的数字化建设。

创新价值链视角下数字金融能否改善企业创新效率?

提升企业创新效率是积极稳妥发展数字金融、增强金融服务实体经济质效的重要落脚点。依据创新价值链理论理解企业创新效率,结合数字金融的金融属性与科技属性,阐释数字金融影响企业创新效率的作用机理,基于2011—2020年中国282个地级市数字金融百度新闻指数与三阶段链式网络DEA模型测算的企业创新效率数据,实证考察数字金融发展对企业创新效率的影响。研究结果发现:数字金融可以显著促进企业创意转化、知识凝结和成果实现三阶段创新效率提升,这主要是源于融资约束缓解效应、代理成本降低效应;异质性分析发现,数字金融对企业创新效率的提升作用在金融基础积累充足、知识产权保护完善、市场化程度高的地区与高新技术行业中表现得更加显著。相关研究结论对增强金融服务实体经济质效、加快实施创新驱动发展战略具有重要的政策启示。

嘉兴跨境电商产业的高质量发展——基于价值链模型的实证分析

基于价值链理论,从主体活动、技术开发、政策制度、人力资源和基础设施五个层面分析嘉兴跨境电商产业的价值要素,剖析跨境电商高质量发展的内在机理。基于调查问卷的实证结果表明,嘉兴跨境电商存在产业生态系统不完善、信息技术使用不充分、政策支持体系不完备、人力资源要素不匹配和基础设施不齐全等问题,嘉兴应加大培育跨境电商产业主体,全面推动业务数字化改革,持续完善立体化政策体系,大力引育高素质技能人才,全力打造基础设施保障网。

数字经济发展对生产性服务业全球价值链韧性的影响

数字经济迅猛发展,在推动全球服务贸易格局转变的同时,促进我国生产性服务业全球价值链韧性增强。选取2012—2021年ADB MRIO数据库中62个国家样本数据,从互联网发展、数字普惠金融发展与数字技术应用三重视角出发,验证数字经济发展对生产性服务业全球价值链韧性的影响。结果发现:①数字经济发展水平提升能显著增强各国生产性服务业全球价值链韧性,其中数字技术应用的作用效果更显著,在经过一系列稳健性与内生性检验后结论依然成立;②服务贸易自由化与要素一体化是数字经济发展增强生产性服务业全球价值链韧性的重要途径;③数字经济发展对生产性服务业全球价值链韧性的影响因行业生命周期和目的国(地区)不同而存在较大差异。最后,提出完善数字经济法律制度、积极推动服务贸易自由化、加快要素市场一体化改革等政策建议,可为数字经济发展赋能生产性服务业全球价值链韧性提升提供理论支撑。

我国国内大循环的测度、解构及内生动力研究:基于构建全国统一大市场的视角

党的二十大报告指出要增强国内大循环内生动力和可靠性,准确测度、分解并动态描述我国国内大循环及区域间和产业间循环的水平、结构及时空演变趋势,找到畅通国内大循环发展的内生动力有重要意义。运用价值链循环分解方法对中国国内大循环水平进行测度,并从构建国内统一大市场的视角揭示国内大循环的内生动力。研究发现:中国各产业增加值主要依赖于国内循环,国内区域间循环占比远高于国内产业间循环占比,省外循环水平也略高于省内循环;国内大循环存在一定的空间相关性和地域差异,水平较高的省份主要分布在沿海沿江经济带;我国国内大循环发展整体上呈下降趋势,国内大循环在各区域(省份)的差异逐渐增加;构建全国统一大市场可有效抑制各省份的国内循环水平差异,提升整体的国内大循环水平,作用路径体现在通过消除生产、分配、流通和消费4个环节的堵点提升区域间循环水平。研究结论有利于从定量的角度深入理解国内大循环的现状与趋势,对于构建国内统一大市场、畅通国内大循环具有一定的启示意义。

经济政策不确定性对亚太价值链重构的影响

基于亚洲开发银行多区域投入产出(ADB-MRIO)数据库,本文构建了2008~2020年的亚太价值链重构指标,考察经济政策不确定性对亚太价值链重构的影响效应及其作用机制,并进一步探究了互联网发展影响经济政策不确定性对亚太价值链重构的作用效果。结果表明:经济政策不确定性上升总体上推动了价值链参与度由全球向亚太区域重构,该影响通过外商直接投资的渠道起作用,且上述影响在制造业中尤其显著。互联网发展强化了经济政策不确定性对亚太价值链重构的促进效果。鉴于此,中国应稳定经济政策更新频率,加大产业体系安全保护,加强互联网建设,深化亚太区域经贸合作。

数字经济赋能企业出口韧性

利用中国工业企业数据库和中国海关数据库识别数字经济发展对企业出口韧性的因果效应。结果表明:数字经济发展可以显著提升企业出口韧性,这一结论在使用工具变量、改变关键变量衡量指标、改变回归样本、排除其他竞争性解释等稳健性检验后依然成立。机制检验显示,成本节约效应和国内价值链延伸效应是数字经济提升企业出口韧性的重要机制。异质性分析发现,数字经济发展对东部地区企业、一般贸易企业、民营企业和外资企业出口韧性的提升作用更加显著,数字经济对企业出口韧性的提升带来的是“数字红利”而非“数字鸿沟”。

基于谱聚类的中国绿色创新效率评价及影响机理研究

基于创新价值链视角,运用超效率SBM-Undesirable模型分别测算了中国30个省份技术研发和成果转化2个阶段的绿色创新效率;利用谱聚类算法将中国30个省份进行了绿色创新区域划分,并应用Kernel密度估计方法对各区域绿色创新效率的差异性进行了研究;构建了面板Tobit模型,探究影响因素对各区域绿色创新效率的影响机理.结果表明:从全国范围看,成果转化阶段绿色创新效率高于技术研发阶段,技术研发阶段仍然存在较大的提升空间;划分成的3个绿色创新区域绿色创新效率存在不均衡性,各区域绿色创新效率演变规律存在显著差异;不同阶段的影响因素对各区域绿色创新效率的影响程度和方向存在差异性.基于分析结论,从政府支持力度、环境规制等方面对不同区域提高绿色创新效率给出针对性建议.

农业全球价值链嵌入、贸易成本与增加值贸易

粮食安全是“国之大者”,农产品贸易是保障粮食安全的“稳压器”。农业全球价值链在农产品贸易过程中加速形成,参与全球价值链分工有助于改善对先进技术和知识的获取,推动农业向高附加值环节升级。文章运用双向固定效应模型,选择OECD AMNE 2023版数据库中76个经济体为样本,探究了农业全球价值链参与度和增加值贸易收益的相关性。研究发现:农业全球价值链前向和后向参与度均能促进农业增加值贸易收益增长;机制检验表明,全球价值链参与度可以通过降低贸易成本来促进增加值贸易收益增长;异质性检验表明,这一影响对发展中经济体尤为明显。为此,我国应积极融入农业全球价值链,进一步扩大农业开放、优化贸易环境和保障要素供给,以提高增加值贸易收益。

国内价值链贸易核算:基于增加值分解与地位测度研究综述

文章在梳理国内价值链内涵界定和基本模型构建的基础上,从增加值分解与地位测度视角系统比较了国内价值链贸易核算框架演进过程,并探讨了未来的发展方向。首先,明晰了国内价值链属权和属地概念的内涵边界,并基于属地概念运用中国区域间投入产出表建立了一个基础理论模型框架;其次,通过对封闭经济条件下内需驱动的增加值分解范式和开放经济条件下涵盖国内和国外成分的总流出分解、省域部门层面出口增加值分解、“双循环”战略背景下国内价值链嵌入全球价值链模型框架的分析,揭示了不同模型的适用范围、关联性与拓展方向,研究发现,国内价值链贸易核算模型的构建为测度国内价值链分工位置与地位奠定了基础,两者有效衔接,深化了对国内垂直专业化分工的认识,拓展了分工贸易研究领域;最后,从经济理论、价值链条和模型数据角度给出未来可进一步研究的方向。