Ocular biometric characteristics of Han ethnicity in Tianjin and Uyghur ethnicity in Xinjiang undergoing cataract surgery

AIM:To analyze and compare the differences among ocular biometric parameters in Han and Uyghur populations undergoing cataract surgery.METHODS:In this hospital-based prospective study,410 patients undergoing cataract surgery(226 Han patients in Tianjin and 184 Uyghur patients in Xinjiang)were enrolled.The differences in axial length(AL),anterior chamber depth(ACD),keratometry[steep K(Ks)and flat K(Kf)],and corneal astigmatism(CA)measured using IOL Master 700 were compared between Han and Uyghur patients.RESULTS:The average age of Han patients was higher than that of Uyghur patients(70.22±8.54 vs 63.04±9.56y,P<0.001).After adjusting for age factors,Han patients had longer AL(23.51±1.05 vs 22.86±0.92 mm,P<0.001),deeper ACD(3.06±0.44 vs 2.97±0.37 mm,P=0.001),greater Kf(43.95±1.40 vs 43.42±1.69 D,P=0.001),steeper Ks(45.00±1.47 vs 44.26±1.71 D,P=0.001),and higher CA(1.04±0.68 vs 0.79±0.65,P=0.025)than Uyghur patients.Intra-ethnic male patients had longer AL,deeper ACD,and lower keratometry than female patients;however,CA between the sexes was almost similar.In the correlation analysis,we observed a positive correlation between AL and ACD in patients of both ethnicities(rHan=0.48,rUyghur=0.44,P<0.001),while AL was negatively correlated with Kf(rHan=-0.42,rUyghur=-0.64,P<0.001)and Ks(rHan=-0.38,rUyghur=-0.66,P<0.001).Additionally,Kf was positively correlated with Ks(rHan=0.89,rUyghur=0.93,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:There are differences in ocular biometric parameters between individuals of Han ethnicity in Tianjin and those of Uyghur ethnicity in Xinjiang undergoing cataract surgery.These ethnic variances can enhance our understanding of ocular diseases related to these parameters and provide guidance for surgical procedures.

Hypoadiponectinemia: Association with risk of varying degrees of gestational hyperglycemia and with maternal ethnicity

Objective: The aims of this study were to examine the influence of maternal hypoadiponectinemia on the risk of varying degrees of gestational hyperglycemia as well as on ethnic differences in circulating levels of adiponectin. Methods: A case-control study nested within a prospective cohort of healthy pregnant women compared those who developed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM, N = 80), or had an impaired glucose challenge test (GCT) non-GDM (defined as 1hr plasma glucose >140 mg/dl after a 50-g oral glucose load when screening for GDM but did not meet the diagnostic criteria for GDM by a diagnostic oral glucose tolerance test, N = 128) to normal controls (N = 557). Concentrations of serum adiponectin were determined at entry (~17 weeks) and during the 3rd trimester. Results: With multivariable adjustment, entry hypoadiponectinemia (the lowest tertile vs. other tertiles pooled) was strongly associated with an increased risk of GDM (AOR 2.68, 95% CI 1.62 - 4.41) and with impaired GCT non-GDM (AOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.05 - 2.38). This association persisted after adjustment for pregravid BMI despite the fact that the risk in obese women with low adiponectin was higher. Similar data were obtained during the 3rd trimester. The concentration of adiponectin during the 3rd trimester was significantly lower in African Americans compared to Hispanics or Caucasians and this difference was detectable in both cases and controls (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01 for each). Conclusions: The present results identified a unique graded association between hypoadiponectinemia during early pregnancy with risk of GDM and less severe hyperglycemia non-GDM independent of maternal BMI. The relationship persisted to the 3rd trimester. African American women have lower adiponectin level than Caucasian or Hispanic women. Hypoadiponectinemia may play a significant pathophysiological role in the development of GDM and of less severe gestational hyperglycemia.

East meets West: ethnic differences in prostate cancer epidemiology between East Asians and Caucasians

Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer in males in Western countries. The reported incidence in Asia is much lower than that in African Americans and European Caucasians. Although the lack of systematic prostate cancer screening system in Asian countries explains part of the difference, this alone cannot fully explain the lower incidence in Asian immigrants in the United States and west-European countries compared to the black and non-Hispanic white in those countries, nor the somewhat better prognosis in Asian immigrants with prostate cancer in the United States. Soy food consumption, more popular in Asian populations, is associated with a 25% to 30% reduced risk of prostate cancer. Prostate- specific antigen (PSA) is the only established and routinely implemented clinical biomarker for prostate cancer detection and disease status. Other biomarkers, such as urinary prostate cancer antigen 3 RNA, may increase accuracy of prostate cancer screening compared to PSA alone. Several susceptible loci have been identified in genetic linkage analyses in populations of countries in the West, and approximately 30 genetic polymorphisms have been reported to modestly increase the prostate cancer risk in genome- wide association studies. Most of the identified polymorphisms are reproducible regardless of ethnicity. Somatic mutations in the genomes of prostate tumors have been repeatedly reported to include deletion and gain of the 8p and 8q chromosomal regions, respectively; epigenetic gene silencing of glutathione Stransferase Pi (GSTP1); as well as mutations in androgen receptor gene. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis, aggressiveness, and prognosis of prostate cancer remain largely unknown. Gene-gene and/or gene-environment interactions still need to be learned. In this review, the differences in PSA screening practice, reported incidence and prognosis of prostate cancer, and genetic factors between the populations in East and West factors are discussed.

The Trends in Maternal Mortality between 1996 and 2009 in Guizhou, China: Ethnic Differences and Associated Factors

China bears a large burden of global maternal mortality, and the largest burden of maternal deaths in China is in poor western provinces. This study aimed to investigate the trends in maternal mortality and its associated factors in Guizhou province of western China between 1996 and 2009, and examine differences between minority and non-minority counties. A population-based, longitudinal, retrospective study was performed in a poor western province of China with a considerably large ethnic minority population. All 86 counties/districts of Guizhou were included with population at county, township and village level. Maternal mortality data were collected from routine reporting database of Guizhou Provincial Health Bureau. Trend and comparative analyses and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed using SPSS 17.0. Maternal mortality ratio（MMR） and its change over time, differences between ethnic groups were analyzed. A declining trend in maternal mortality and rising trend in hospital delivery in Guizhou was observed; ethnic differences between two ethnic groups persisted. The reduction in maternal mortality between 1996 and 2009 was related with increased gross domestic product, decreased male illiteracy rate, and increased hospital delivery rate. We found the declining trends in maternal mortality in Guizhou with persisting ethnic differences. The declining trends are related with economic development, hospital delivery and male illiteracy. Effective health education on maternal health is urgently needed for the minority groups, and basic education for the new generation should be enhanced to eradicate the illiteracy.

Ethnic Difference of Disease Prevalence in Rural China: Examples and Explanations

Ethnic difference of disease prevalence has attracted great attentions in recent years in China, but few researches have summarized analysis available on ethnic difference of disease prevalence in rural China. The PubMed Central, Wiley Inter science, Science direct, Biomed central, CNKI and Springer-link were searched to identify studies published between January 1984 and October 2014 on ethnic inequality of health status in rural China. Distinct ethnic differences of disease prevalence exist in rural China. Results across disciplines put different explanations on the ethnic differences from ethnicity, infant feeding, and inequality in maternal health services utilization angles. The ethnic inequality of health status in rural China can be reduced by policy makers to allocate more resources towards health service in ethnic rural China.

The differences and similarities between regional ethnic medicine and traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of cancer pain

REM and TCM are both important parts of traditional medicine in China,and they have their own characteristics in the understanding and prevention of diseases.This article compares the understanding,the theoretical prevention and treatment guidance and the clinical application of the REM and TCM on the cancer pain.

基于不同牙周情况下汉维牙冠硬组织的差异分析

目的利用CBCT测量牙周不同情况下汉族、维吾尔族两民族右侧下颌第一磨牙牙冠硬组织相关厚度,观察不同民族人群中在不同牙周情况下、不同性别、不同年龄下的牙冠硬组织是否存有差异,从而提供一定临床治疗依据。方法收集来自新疆医科大学第一附属医院320例就医者的CBCT图像资料,汉族、维吾尔族各160例。测量两民族右侧下颌相关硬组织的厚度对测量数据进行统计分析。结果汉族、维吾尔族男性和女性、不同年龄组、牙周炎组和健康人群、以及不同牙周炎严重程度下下颌第一磨牙牙冠硬组织厚度例髓室顶牙本质的厚度、髓室底的厚度、髓室的高度、近中髓角上方牙冠硬组织的厚度、中央窝-髓室顶的厚度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),远中髓角上方牙冠硬组织的厚度、釉质牙本质界-根分叉距离差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),男性的下颌第一磨牙牙冠硬组织厚度高于女性,汉族的下颌第一磨牙牙冠硬组织厚度高于维吾尔族。年龄的增长和牙周炎严重程度的增加一定程度上也影响牙冠硬组织相关指标。结论民族差异性有可能造成下颌第一磨牙牙冠硬组织在性别、年龄、牙齿健康状态和牙周炎、不同牙周炎严重情况下CBCT影像的差异。建立相关数据库后发现,民族的差异性可能影响造成牙冠硬组织厚度的差异性。

民国史研究的学术路径与实践——从《跨越阶层差异:上海工人的组织与生存(1945—1949)》谈起

民国史研究的发展乃至突破,需要在研究对象的选择、史料的搜集与应用、研究维度的多元综合等关键问题上,不断创新。《跨越阶层差异》在研究时间、空间及人群对象的择取上,皆表现出作者独到的见识。以史实重建的实证研究作为研究路径,在史料的搜集与辨识应用方面用力颇大,且在史料辨识与综合应用方面较为妥当。同时,注意把握研究对象的学术脉络,不拘泥于既有研究谱系的固有范式,尝试构建自身理解的合理阐述或分析路径,以走出既有研究范式的束缚。研究视野上则注重多维度的分析与拓展。该书的写作呈现出民国史研究学术路径新的尝试,但在实践过程中,也存在史料过于“求精”、历史时性分析不充分、与宏观大势结合不足、横纵比较分析不够等有待深化的空间。

新发展理念视角下民族地区高质量发展测度与区域差异研究

以新发展理念为视角,从创新发展、协调发展、绿色发展、开放发展与共享发展五个维度,结合全局熵值法构建民族地区指标评价体系对其经济发展质量进行测度,并与长三角地区的经济质量发展作对比。评价结果表明,民族地区经济发展质量整体提升,但发展趋势存在差异,与发达地区的经济相比尚需提高,通过实证模型确认二者发展水平差异的内部因素,进一步通过Dagum基尼系数分解探讨影响民族地区高质量发展的外部因素,并提出相应的政策建议。

民宿促进各民族交往交流交融的价值协同路径研究——以新疆伊宁市六星街和喀赞其民宿为例

民宿是旅游促进各民族交往交流交融(简称旅游促“三交”)的重要载体,民宿主客互动过程也是各民族交往交流交融过程。研究以价值协同论与符号互动论为理论基础,选择伊宁市六星街和喀赞其历史街区周边民宿为研究对象,通过网络文本分析与扎根理论方法,探究民宿主客互动促进各民族交往交流交融的价值协同路径。研究表明:(1)民宿主与游客之间除传统的信息、物质、情感等互动形式外,学习互动是推进旅游促“三交”的重要基础;(2)民宿主客互动受到非言语、言语、技术、情境、政策制度、公平感知及过往经历等因素的综合影响;(3)民宿主客互动促进了主客价值协同,强化了文化和国家认同,夯实了中华民族共同体构建的心理基础。研究有助于厘清民宿场域旅游促“三交”的机理,也可为民族地区民宿业高质量发展提供参考。

基于新农慕课在线学习的少数民族学生风格差异研究

该研究以选修新疆农业大学基于SPOC的Python交互式程序设计导论必修课程的1016名学生为调查对象,基于Felder-Silverman学习风格模型,对参与该课程的学生进行学习风格测量,通过分析学习风格的差异得出如下研究结论。不同生源地和不同语言学习环境是影响学习风格的主要因素,其影响作用是显著的。通过对由生源地、语言、生源地和语言交互影响导致的学习风格差异性进行归纳总结,以期为基于SPOC的网络课程教学,尤其是少数民族学生教学的研究提供一定的参考和依据。

乡村产业融合发展对县域经济韧性的影响研究

基于2010—2021年中国西部民族地区乡村产业融合示范县、示范园和先导区试点县域的面板数据,采用渐进双重差分法与中介效应方法,实证分析乡村产业融合发展对西部民族地区县域经济韧性的作用机制及异质性影响。结果表明:乡村产业融合显著提升西部民族地区县域经济韧性,提升水平约1.5%,该结论经过一系列稳健性检验依然成立;机制分析表明,农业劳动生产率与产业结构高级化是乡村产业融合提升县域经济韧性的两个重要渠道,其中产业结构高级化政策效应更为显著;异质性分析发现,乡村产业融合对西南民族地区县域经济韧性提升的政策效应更加明显;分维度分析显示,乡村产业融合主要从抵抗能力、适应能力和变革能力等3个维度对县域经济韧性发挥积极作用,在恢复能力维度作用还不显著。据此,建议西部民族地区增设县域产业园区,构建全产业链;提高经营主体劳动效率,优化乡村农业产业结构;强化农业风险管理意识,推广农业技术。

民族地区大学生中华民族共同体意识认知现状及其群体差异研究——基于广西8所高校本科生调研结果的分析

铸牢中华民族共同体意识是新时代民族地区维护国家统一和安全的重要基石。考察民族地区大学生对中华民族共同体意识的认知现状及群体差异,为中华民族共同体意识教育奠定实践基础。研究表明,民族地区大学生对中华民族共同体意识的认知整体向好,但缺乏深入性;男女生对中华民族共同体意识的认知没有显著性差异,不同年级、政治面貌、所学专业类别、学业成绩水平、地区、父母受教育程度的学生对中华民族共同体意识认知的差异显著。据此,需加强铸牢中华民族共同体意识教育的常态化、连续性和系统性,增强学生对中华民族共同体意识的焦点关注,发挥朋辈群体对中华民族共同体意识认知的积极影响,对不同群体的学生开展有针对性的中华民族共同体意识教育,积极拓展提升学生中华民族共同体意识认知的渠道,协同家社政提升学生对中华民族共同体意识的认知。

基于少数民族学生大学英语教学研究进展谈两个关键问题

语言迁移与认知、文化差异视角下,少数民族学生的大学英语教学研究越来越受重视。多元文化背景的少数民族大学生,其英语学习往往要经历母语→汉语→英语的三语思维转换,语言迁移与学习过程极具复杂性与特殊性;另外,少数民族大学生有其独特的文化背景和生活环境,英语学习深受本民族文化的影响。在总结少数民族学生大学英语教学研究进展的基础上,对现存的三语转换和文化差异关键问题进行分析。针对三语转换问题,从语言迁移与认知理论出发,提出注重三语对比分析及结构共性认知、加强少数民族语言与英语之间的思维直接转换的应对方法;针对文化差异问题,从文化维度理论出发,提出加强多元文化及其品质倾向认知、融入少数民族文化的解决方法,为少数民族学生的大学英语教学研究与改革提供有益的参考。

民族地区医疗卫生资源配置效率:空间差异、动态演进与影响因素研究

基于健康中国战略背景,测算民族地区医疗卫生资源配置效率的全要素生产率,衡量民族地区医疗卫生资源配置的差异来源及演变态势。从区域差异、动态变化层面对医疗卫生配置效率进行多维分解,利用LSDVC检验影响因素。研究发现:民族地区医疗卫生资源配置效率的全要素生产率呈现逐年增长趋势,整体上表现出明显的“南高北低”空间格局;民族地区医疗卫生资源配置效率的差距主要由西南和西北区域内差异造成,区域内部的差异仍持续扩大,西北内部极化较为明显,组间差异有所削减;LSDVC-2结果显示,人口密度、人口老龄化和财政转移支付对医疗卫生资源配置水平具有显著的影响。我国民族地区医疗卫生资源配置效率整体显著提高,但配置效率赶超表现较差,区域内部差异仍旧扩大,需要重视区域发展不均衡问题,规避增长陷阱,注重区域层面医疗卫生资源结构的因地制宜,实施推动医疗卫生资源均等化的务实举措。

浙闽畲族服饰色彩“变”“异”考释

以浙闽两省畲族传统服饰为研究对象,从纵向时间线视角探究两省服饰底色由蓝至黑,装饰色彩由简至繁,服饰用色由同至异的变迁历史;收集上百幅浙闽畲族服饰图像,运用计算机色彩聚类分析算法,从主辅色占比、色相、色彩饱和度、色彩明度这4个角度比较研究浙闽两地畲族服饰用色的同一性与差异性,认为浙闽两省畲族同源共祖,其民族服饰伴随民族迁徙历程在文化自我生长及交往交流交融的过程中中产生了在地化特征,形成了两类具有地域区分度的民族服饰尚色风格,浙江畲族服饰多用冷色搭配少许暖色装饰整体朴素雅致,福建畲族服饰冷暖对比强烈,装饰纹样丰富极具美学价值。

城镇共生及民族差异视角下的城市群内部关联发展研究

研究城市群内部城镇关联的特征及模式是解析城市群演变过程、实现城市群一体化协同发展的基础。文章结合空间相互作用理论与共生理论,将城市群视为多城镇有机共生的整体,开展内部城镇的活力、外向功能量、交互干扰度分析,测度城镇间的多向关联特征,判识其共生关联模式。关注我国西南滇中城市群的地区特殊性及民族性特征,开展实例分析,结果表明,滇中城市群内整体城镇活力不足,且与外向功能量布局均呈现地理中心的高值集聚特征;城镇间关联程度较弱,以偶然性关联下的点共生模式为主,仍处于自组织主导下的独立发展状态。民族自治地方城镇的关联基础、关联强度均弱于常规城镇,亟待优化与常规城镇间的共生关联,推进城市群一体化发展。

西北行记所见20世纪30年代甘青民族走廊各民族的交往与融合

20世纪30年代考察西北热潮期间,形成了数量不菲的西北行记,详细记载了甘青民族走廊地区的自然环境、社会经济状况、文化教育、风土人情等状况。其中包括大量关于各少数民族人口及分布、生活习俗、各民族相互关系的记载,反映了这一时期甘青民族走廊地区各民族之间的婚姻关系、经济与社会交往、语言融通、现代民族教育的兴起与初步发展等现象,充分体现出各民族之间的深度交往、融合以及中华民族共同体意识的初步萌芽。

特定装饰铜器与生产作坊关系考辩——亚址、亚醜、戴家湾铜器与孝民屯铸铜作坊的个案分析

通过对单一因素的单眼蹼形大角特定装饰造型分别见于晚商“亚址”“亚醜”铜器和西周早期“户”“鼎”“■”铜器的现象以及孝民屯铸铜作坊同类陶范出土情况的分析与考辩,认为同一特定装饰的铜器、甚至是形制、纹饰完全相同的铜器可以分属两个不同的族群或家族;同一铜器铸造作坊可以为不同的族群或氏族铸造同一特定装饰铜器、甚至是形制和纹饰一致的铜器;同一铜器铸造作坊可以为不同王朝铸造同一特定装饰的铜器,且一般分属不同的族群和不同的文化;同一特定装饰的铜器往往为同一阶层所有,可以跨族群、氏族却不能跨越社会等级。

普洱市不同民族健康成年人甲功三项指标的差异性分析

目的通过分析普洱市不同民族健康成年人甲功三项指标水平的差异,为建立该地区不同民族甲功三项正常参考值范围提供基础。方法选取2021~2023年在普洱市人民医院体检的634例普洱地区健康成年人为研究对象,其中汉族335例,少数民族299例,少数民族中哈尼族114例,傣族42例,彝族107例,拉祜族36例,测定所有研究对象的血清游离甲状腺素(free thyroxine,FT_(4))、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(free triiodothyronine,FT_(3))、促甲状腺素(thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH),比较各民族健康成年人甲状腺功能三项水平的差异。结果普洱地区汉族与少数民族健康成年人甲状腺功能三项指标中TSH、FT_(4)水平差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05),FT_(3)水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);进一步对汉族、哈尼族、傣族、彝族及拉祜族间健康成年人甲状腺功能三项指标进行两两比较,结果显示拉祜族与汉族间TSH差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05),哈尼族与汉族、哈尼族与傣族、彝族与傣族间FT_(4)差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05),各民族间FT_(3)水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论普洱市不同民族健康成年人甲功三项水平存在差异,有必要建立一套普洱市不同地区、不同民族健康成年人甲功三项水平正常值的参考范围。