Effect of self-modeling and self-controlled feedback on the performance of professional swimmers and waterpolo players

Self-modeling(SM)and self-control(SC)feedback can be presented as two solutions for learning improvement.Therefore,the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of SM and SC feedback on 100-m freestyle performance of professional swimmers and waterpolo players.25 elite male swimmers and waterpolo players,were randomly assigned to four groups:swimmer group with SM,swimmer group with SM and SC feedback,waterpolo players group with SM,and waterpolo players group with SM and SC feedback.100-m freestyle times and performance were recorded.SM and SC feedback for the participants were utilized at the acquisition stage.The device used included a Lenovo B570 laptop and an Exilim ZR200 canon camcorder.SM and SC feedback presented to the swimmers and waterpolo players led to improved speed and results,and the effect of presenting SM with SC feedback to swimmers had better results.In conclusion,the present study indicates that SC modeling of watching video is a suitable method for professional swimmers.Water polo trainers can also use SM and SC feedback to enhance their players'swimming technique.

Particle image velocimetry and numerical simulations of the hydrodynamic characteristics of an artificial reef

This article reports a particle image velocimetry study and the comparative results of a numerical simulation into the hydrodynamic characteristics around an artificial reef.We reveal the process of flow separation and vortex evolution,and compare the force terms generated by our artificial reef model.The numerical simulation agrees well with experimental results,showing the applicability of computational fluid dynamics to the hydrodynamics of an artificial reef.Furthermore,we numerically simulate the hydrodynamics of the reef model for seven velocities.The results show that the drag coefficient is approximately 1.21 in a self-modeling region for Reynolds numbers between 2.123×104and 9×104.Therefore,the upwelling height and current width of the flow field do not change significantly when the inflow velocity increases.Our study indicates that computational fluid dynamics can be applied to study the hydrodynamics of an artificial reef and offer clues to its construction.

In situ ATR-FTIR Combined with SIMPLISMAAlgorithm to Investigate the Synthesis Mechanism of 4-Amino-3,5-dimethyl Pyrazole

In situ attenuated total refletion-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（ATR-FTIR） was used to monitorand acquire spectral information on the synthesis of 4-amino-3,5-dimethyl pyrazole. Principal component analy-sis（PCA） was used to determine the number of principle components（PCs）. The score vectors of the PCs were ana-lysed using the simple-to-use interactive self-modelling mixture analysis（SIMPLISMA） algorithm to obtain spectraland concentration profiles for the reactants, intermediates and product. The vibrational frequencies of the interme-diates were calculated via density ftmctional theory（DFT） at the level of the B3LYP/6-31 l＋＋G（d,p） basis set, and thegeometrical configurations of the intermediates were simultaneously optimized. Finally, a reasonable synthesismechanism for 4-amino-3,5-dimethyl pyrazole was determined based on the changes observed in the feature peaks.The results from the SIMPLISMA algorithm correlated well with the quantttm chemistry calculations. This provedthat the SIMPLISMA algorithm combined with ATR-FTIR can be used to detemfine the synthesis mechanism for4-amino-3,5-dimethyl pyrazole and can even provide a new, useful method to explore dynamic synthesis reactionmechanisms.