Functional Capacity of Patients with Venous Thromboembolic Disease Six to Twelve Months after Treatment

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is among the leading causes of hospital-related disability-adjusted life years lost. We aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of functional capacity impairment six to twelve months after an acute VTE event. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between January and April 2021 in two referral hospitals of Yaoundé, including consenting adult patients admitted to these hospitals six to twelve months ago for VTE. We excluded dead patients and those with any comorbidity or symptoms limiting physical activity. The functional outcome was assessed with the six-minute walk test. Functional capacity impairment was defined as walking distance lower than the expected value. Results: We included 27 cases in this study with a mean age of 53.2 ± 14.4 years. The prevalence of functional capacity impairment was 29.6% (95% CI: 14.8 - 48.1). Factors associated with poor functional outcome were obesity (OR: 59.5;95% CI: 4.6 - 767.2;p - 207.4;p = 0.017), massive PE (OR: 30;95% CI: 2.5 - 354;p = 0.004), and poor adherence to treatment (OR: 30.3;95% CI: 2.5 - 333.3;p = 0.004). Conclusion: Functional capacity impairment is common in the medium-term after VTE and factors associated with this poor outcome are obesity, the severity of the VTE, and poor adherence to treatment.

尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型中SIX2和SIX6基因敲除突变体的生物学特性

尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense,Foc)依据对寄主易感性分为4个不同的生理小种,其中4号生理小种(Foc4)几乎能危害目前所有栽培品种。为研究其SIX(secreted in xylem)蛋白编码基因SIX2和SIX6在Foc4对寄主差异性选择中的作用,利用PEG介导的原生质体转化法将基于pCT74质粒框架构建的SIX2、SIX6基因敲除质粒分别转入Foc4 B2菌株,分别得到了SIX2和SIX6基因敲除突变体,然后分析敲除突变体与野生型的生物学特性差异。生物学研究结果表明:SIX2、SIX6基因的缺失突变体均呈现菌丝稀疏、生长速率减慢、产孢率降低、菌丝异核率增加,对渗透压、外源氧等外源胁迫更为敏感等特征。致病力分析实验发现ΔFoSIX2和ΔFoSIX6突变体的孢子在香蕉苗的幼嫩根部附着量减少,孢子根部定殖能力降低;ΔFoSIX2菌株基本上丧失了对巴西蕉的致病力,而对粉蕉仍有较强的致病能力;ΔFoSIX6菌株则对粉蕉苗、巴西香蕉苗盆栽致病力均呈极显著下降。依据生物学与致病力测定结果,推测Foc4中SIX6基因决定Foc4对寄主的致病力,而SIX2基因则决定Foc4对寄主的差异性选择能力。

Correlation between the Six-Minute Walk Test and Subjective Functional Class in Patients with Heart Failure

Introduction: The Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) is an inexpensive method to objectively evaluate physical capacity or limitation and stratify prognosis in patients with Heart Failure (HF). Since the clinical perception of symptoms may be adapted or compromised, regular evaluation from medical interviews often fails to determine functional classification. This study aimed to assess the correlation between New York Heart Association Functional Class (NYHA-FC) and the distance walked in the 6MWT. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study that included patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction followed up at an outpatient service of a teaching hospital, from August 2018 to April 2019. Patients in NYHA-FC I, II, or III were included. We compared NYHA-FC subjectively obtained during the consultation with the 6MWT performed after medical consultation, and the correlation between these two parameters was assessed. Results: The study included 70 patients with HF, 41 (58.6%) of whom were female. The mean age was 61.2 ± 12.7 years. The most prevalent etiologies were dilated idiopathic cardiomyopathy (35.7%) followed by ischemic cardiomyopathy (25.7%). The mean ejection fraction was 34.1% ± 9.8%. The average distance walked in the 6MWT by NYHA-FC I patients was 437.8 ± 95.8 meters, NYHA-FC II 360.1 ± 96.4, and NYHA-FC III 248.4 ± 98.3. Functional class measured by the 6MWT was different than that estimated by NYHA-FC in 34 patients (48.6%), 23 (32.9%) for a higher functional class and 11 (15.7%) for a lower one (p = 0.07). Pearson’s correlation coefficient between NYHA-FC and the 6MWT was -0.55. Conclusion: There was a moderate correlation between the subjective NYHA-FC and the 6MWT. The 6MWT revealed a different classification from NYHA-FC in almost half of the patients. Among those who presented discrepancies between methods, 6MWT reclassification towards a higher functional class was more common.

Application of the “Six-Step Teaching Method” in the Nursing Teaching of Obstetric Interns

Objective: The “six-step teaching method” is a teaching method, which is summarized based on practical experience. This study aimed to explore the effect of “six-step teaching method” in clinical teaching of obstetrics. Methods: A quasi-experimental study design was used, 30 nursing students who entered obstetrics practice from March 2022 to July 2022 were selected as the control group according to the order of time, and traditional teaching methods were adopted. From August to December 2022, 30 interns were selected as the experimental group, and the “six-step teaching method” was adopted. After 8 weeks of clinical practice, the assessment results and teaching effect satisfaction of the two groups were compared. Results: The scores of obstetrical specialty in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05);The evaluation of teaching methods, teaching quality, classroom atmosphere and individual observation ability, clinical thinking ability and nurse-patient communication ability of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P Conclusion: “six-step teaching method” can effectively master the professional knowledge of obstetrics, stimulate the clinical thinking ability of interns, and improve the teaching effect and satisfaction. .

香蕉枯萎病病原菌Six同源基因的鉴定

为鉴定香蕉枯萎病病原菌Six同源基因,通过BLASTP分析从香蕉枯萎病病原菌1号生理小种菌株N2基因组中鉴定了Six1和Six6同源基因,从4号生理小种B2菌株基因组中鉴定了Six1、Six2、Six6和Six8同源基因。采用PCR扩增从亚热带4号生理小种菌株基因组DNA中扩增到Six7同源基因,并从其它一些1号和4号生理小种菌株基因组DNA中也扩增到了Six2和Six8同源基因。上述结果表明,不同古巴专化型菌株Six基因组成可能不同。该研究结果为进一步研究香蕉枯萎病病原菌Six基因的功能奠定了基础。

《Six Ideas that Shaped Physics》以及其课程实践——以华盛顿大学“物理学导论”的教学为例

为世界各地100多所高等院校所使用的《Six Ideas》(全称《Six Ideas that Shaped Physics》)一书,以在物理学发展的历史长河中有着不可替代地位的6大物理思想为主线改变了以力学、热学、电磁学、光学等传统物理的编排模式.《Six Ideas》的每一卷均按照历史发展的故事线索展开,强调概念和定律的内在思想和应用条件,范题注重用文字或图形转译问题等框架模式;每一单元的内容编排不仅适合学生自学,同时为教师50分钟课堂教学量身定制;是适合学生"主动学习"教学模式可操作性极强的一本难得的物理学导论教材.本篇以此书为教科书的美国华盛顿大学关于E卷第九单元课堂教学案例,展示关于此书的教与学.

应用Six-Sigma的理念提高CT影像质量的研究

Six-Sigma的精髓在CT影像中的应用是使CT影像质量不断提高。我们以优质的CT影像为标准,应用Six-Sig-ma的理念,从形成CT影的四个过程,即CT扫描患者的准备阶段、CT影像的诊断质量、CT扫描技术参数的选择方面及CT暗室技术方面入手,测量其现状,分析存在的问题,使其得到改善并控制,使我们的CT影像质量迅速提高。

3D打印外科导板用于上颌all-on-six种植修复的三维精度分析

目的:评价3D打印外科导板用于上颌all-on-six种植修复的临床效果。方法:将40例行上颌无牙颌种植即刻修复患者随机分为两组:常规种植组22例共132枚植体,通过术前制定计划后自由手种植;导板种植组18例共108枚植体,在3D打印数字化导板辅助下种植。术后行锥形束CT检查并与术前设计的三维位置相匹配,对比两组植体三维位置精度以及患者对种植义齿的主观满意度。结果:两组种植体存留率均为100%。导板种植组种植后修复体端和根端垂直、水平向误差以及植入角度误差明显小于常规种植组(P<0.05),患者满意度高于常规种植组。结论:3D打印外科导板用于上颌无牙颌种植即刻修复,可提高种植体植入三维位置的精确度。

Six-Sigma在改进冷凝器焊接过程质量中的应用

针对ZY公司冷凝器焊接过程质量故障居高不下的问题,用六西格玛改进型DMAICY模型(项目界定(D)、项目测量(M)、项目分析(A)、项目改进(I)、项目控制(C)、项目收益(Y))制定一套质量业绩改进方案,并使用Minitab软件对质量数据统计分析;通过案例实施,冷凝器焊接直通率由原来的91.4%上升到99.77%,六西格玛水平由1.33提升到2.84,工序能力明显增强。实证表明,DMAICY模型在焊接生产线质量改进中的应用成功实现了预期目标,产生了显著的经济收益。

Six Sigma管理法在医院管理控制中的应用研究

六西格玛(Six Sigma)管理法是质量管理中的一种方法,在社会的各个领域中广泛应用,并取得了显著效果。我国医院在管理过程中还存在着较多问题,致使医院管理工作不能顺利实施,对医院的发展带来不利影响。Six Sigma管理法在医院管理控制中的应用,能够促使医院管理水平的提高。通过对Six Sigma管理法含义与医院管理现状的分析,对Six Sigma管理法在医院管理控制中的应用进行阐述。

炭/炭复合材料 SiC /Mo( Six、Al1-x)2抗氧化涂层( 英文)

为了提高炭/炭(C/C)复合材料的高温抗氧化性能,应用多相反应技术在C/C复合材料表面制备SiC/Mo(Six、Al1-x)2复合涂层。利用扫描电镜、电子能谱、X射线衍射仪等测试手段对涂层材料的微观结构和物相组成进行分析,同时研究涂层C/C复合材料在超音速气流中的抗氧化性能。结果表明,C/C复合材料表面形成的抗氧化涂层显示出明显的双层结构,从外向内分别为Mo(Six、Al1-x)2与SiC的复合层和纯SiC层,同时有少量的Mo4.8Si3C0.6存在于涂层中。在温度为1800K、气体速率1500m/s的超音速气流中氧化冲刷96 s,以及在2550 K和室温下热循环24次的测试条件下,制备的SiC/Mo(Six、Al1-x)2涂层材料均未发生破坏现象。涂层材料优良的抗氧化性能和抗热震性能主要归因于基体C/C复合材料的高强度以及在氧化过程中材料表面形成的连续稳定的SiO2和Al2O3玻璃相。

Orthogonal analysis of water model study on the optimization of flow control devices in a six-strand tundish

Improper flow control devices in a multi-strand tundish can cause some problems, for example, liquid steel cannot reach every nozzle at the same time and the liquid steel in nozzles far away from the entry zone has a lower temperature. The water model experiment of a six-strand tundish of Tianjin Iron ＆ Steel Co. Ltd. was performed, a new ＂U＂ type baffle was obtained, and its parameters were defined by perpendicular analysis. The ＂U＂ baffle can not only improve those imperfections, but also prolong the residence time of nonmetallic inclusions, which is good for their flotation and separation.

Development and Calibration of a Hyperstatic Six-component Force/Torque Sensor

The six-component force/torque sensor has become one kind of the most important sensors with the ability of measuring all the external forces and torques. A novel hyperstatic six-component force/torque sensor based on the Stewart platform structure, which can be used for the force measurement of the robot wrist, is proposed, and its structural optimal design, finite element analysis and calibration experimentation is presented. The characteristic of the sensor structure is analyzed in comparison with the traditional Stewart platform-based sensor. The mathematical expression of the sensor＇s force mapping matrix is introduced. The condition number and generalized amplifying coefficient defined by singular values of force Jacobian matrix are used to evaluate the performances of isotropy and sensitivity of the sensor respectively. The optimal design of the sensor structure is performed with the objective of achieving high measurement sensitivity and good isotropy. The sensor prototype is fabricated, and the static and dynamic characteristics of the sensor are analyzed with finite element analysis software package ANSYS. The calibration device is manufactured, and the data acquisition and processing system is developed. The theoretical and experimental study of the static calibration of the sensor prototype is carried out. The results of simulation analysis and calibration experimentation prove the feasibility of the hyperstatic sensor structure, and the contents of this paper possess theoretical significance and engineering value for the further research and practical application of the six-component force sensor.

SIX SIGMA OPTIMIZATION IN SHEET METAL FORMING BASED ON DUAL RESPONSE SURFACE MODEL

Iterations in optimization and numerical simulation for the sheet metal forming process may lead to extensive computation. In addition, uncertainties in materials or processing parameters may have great influence on the design quality. A six sigma optimization method is proposed, by combining the dual response surface method （DRSM） and six sigma philosophy, to save computation cost and improve reliability and robustness of parts. Using this method, statistical technology, including the design of experiment and analysis of variance, approximate model and six sigma philosophy are integrated together to achieve improved quality. Two sheet metal forming processes are provided as examples to illustrate the proposed method.

Method for Analyzing Articulated Torques of Heavy-duty Six-legged Robot

The accuracy of an articulated torque analysis influences the comprehensive performances of heavy-duty multi-legged robots. Currently, the extremal estimation method and some complex methods are employed to calculate the articulated torques, which results in a large safety margin or a large number of calculations. To quickly obtain accurate articulated torques, an analysis method for the articulated torque is presented for an electrically driven heavy-duty six-legged robot. First, the rearmost leg that experiences the maximum normal contact force is confirmed when the robot transits a slope. Based on the ant-type and crab-type tripod gaits, the formulas of classical mechanics and MATLAB software are employed to theoretically analyze the relevant static torques of the joints. With the changes in the joint angles for the abductor joint, hip joint, and knee joint, variable tendency charts and extreme curves are obtained for the static articulated torques. Meanwhile, the maximum static articulated torques and the corresponding poses of the robot are also obtained. According to the poses of the robot under the maximum static articulated torques, ADAMS software is used to carry out a static simulation analysis. Based on the relevant simulation curves of the articulated torques, the maximum static articulated torques are acquired. A comparative analysis of the maximum static articulated torques shows that the theoretical calculation values are higher than the static simulation values, and the maximum error value is approximately 10%. The proposed method lays a foundation for quickly determining accurate articulated torques to develop heavy-duty six-legged robots.

Six Sigma在羊毛衫生产中的应用

作为一种管理理念和方法,Six Sigma通过一套以统计科学为依据的数据分析,测量问题,分析原因,改进优化和控制效果,使企业在运作能力方面达到最佳境界。这里探讨了Six Sigma在纺织类企业中,尤其是羊毛衫生产中的初步应用,并且针对部分问题提出了一些建设性的观点。

Six month abstinence rule for liver transplantation in severe alcoholic liver disease patients

Alcoholic liver disease(ALD) is the second most common diagnosis among patients undergoing liver transplantation(LT).The recovery results of patients transplanted for ALD are often at least as good as those of patients transplanted for other diagnoses and better than those suffering from hepatitis C virus, cryptogenic cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma.Inthe case of medically non-responding patients with severe acute alcoholic hepatitis or acute-on chronic liver failure, the refusal of LT is often based on the lack of the required alcohol abstinence period of six months.The obligatory abidance of a period of abstinence as a transplant eligibility requirement for medically non-responding patients seems unfair and inhumane, since the majority of these patients will not survive the six-month abstinence period.Data from various studies have challenged the 6-mo rule, while excellent survival results of LT have been observed in selected patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis not responding to medical therapy.Patients with severe advanced ALD should have legal access to LT.The mere lack of pre-LT abstinence should not be an obstacle for being listed.

Force/Moment Isotropy of 8/4-4 Parallel Six-Axis Force Sensor Based on Performance Atlases

A six-axis force sensor with parallel 8/4-4 structure is introduced and its measurement principle is analyzed.Based on condition numbers of Jacobian matrix spectral norm of the sensor,the relationship between the force and moment isotropy and some structural parameters is deduced.Orthogonal test methods are used to determine the degree of primary and secondary factors that have significant effect on sensor characteristics.Furthermore,the relationship between each performance index and the structural parameters of the sensor is analyzed by the method of the atlas,which lays a foundation for structural optimization design of the force sensor.

母源性长链非编码RNA Six2a-OT参与斑马鱼胚胎发育调控

Six基因家族进化高度保守,在脊椎动物个体发育中起着重要作用。但目前对其调控机制尚不完全清楚。在UCSC (The University of California Santa Cruz) Genome Browser的斑马鱼基因组数据库中发现, Six2a-Six3a基因簇周围存在一条长链非编码RNA——Six2a-OT。首先,利用反转录PCR (RT-PCR)结合测序证实了该RNA确实存在。然后,利用荧光半定量PCR (qPCR)和整胚原位杂交(whole-mount in situ hybridization, WISH)确定了其特异性的表达模式:Six2a-OT在卵巢中的表达远高于精巢;在受精卵和早期原肠胚中高表达,随后显著下降;受精后48 h (48 hpf)集中表达于耳囊(otic vesicle)、躯干中线(trunk midline)和鳃弓(branchial archs)。随后,进一步利用反义吗啡啉(morpholino)特异性阻断Six2a-OT剪接,观察到63%的48 hpf胚胎表现出躯干变短、侧弯,或心包积水,同时Six2a和Six3a的表达显著下降。以上结果表明:Six2a-OT作为母源性因子通过调节Six2a和Six3a的表达参与斑马鱼胚胎早期发育。这为揭示Six基因簇的表达调控机制提供了重要依据。

Autler–Townes spectroscopy of high-lying state by phase conjugate six-wave mixing

An Autler-Townes（AT） spectroscopy based on phase conjugate six-wave mixing（SWM） is proposed to detect AT doublet of high-lying state in a Doppler-broadened cascade four-level system.It is found that the SWM spectrum is dependent strongly on the ratios between the magnitudes of the wave vectors.We discuss how the Doppler broadening affects the SWM spectrum from a time-domain viewpoint and find that,due the atomic motion,the atomic polarizations acquire different phases for atoms with different velocities as time evolves.The Doppler free SWM spectrum can be obtained only when the atomic polarization can be rephasing again at certain time after the interactions of all the incident fields.