Evaluation of Inherited Resistance Genes of Bacterial Leaf Blight, Blast and Drought Tolerance in Improved Rice Lines

Improved rice lines were developed frome three parents with the resistance or tolerance to bacterial leaf blight,blast and drought stress,respectively,using single-,double-and three-way crosses.The improved lines were assessed for agro-morphological and yield traits under non-drought stress(NS)and reproductive-stage drought stress(RS)treatments.The mean comparison of traits measured between parent plants and progenies(improved lines)were similar,and there were significant and non-significant differences among the parents and improved lines(genotypes)under NS and RS.Smilarly,there was significant and non-significant differences in the interaction among both parent varieties and improved lines for NS and RS.Cluster and 3D-model of principal component analysis did not generate categorical clusters according to crossing methods,and there were no exclusive crossing method inclined variations under the treatments.The improved lines were high-yielding,disease resistant,and drought-tolerant compared with their parents.All the crossing methods were good for this crop improvement program without preference to any,despite the number of genes introgressed.

Contribution of trimethylamine N-oxide on the growth and pressure tolerance of deep-sea bacteria

Trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO) is widely dispersed in marine environments and plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen. Diverse marine bacteria utilize TMAO as carbon and nitrogen sources or as electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration. Alteration of respiratory component according to the pressure is a common trait of deep-sea bacteria. Deep-sea bacteria from dif ferent genera harbor high hydrostatic pressure(HHP) inducible TMAO reductases that are assumed to be constitutively expressed in the deep-sea piezosphere and facilitating quick reaction to TMAO released from ?sh which is a potential nutrient for bacterial growth. However, whether deep-sea bacteria universally employ this strategy remains unknown. In this study, 237 bacterial strains affliated to 23 genera of Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were isolated from seawater, sediment or amphipods collected at dif ferent depths. The pressure tolerance and the utilization of TMAO were examined in 74 strains. The results demonstrated no apparent correlation between the depth where the bacteria inhabit and their pressure tolerance, regarding to our samples. Several deep-sea strains from the genera of Alteromonas, Halomonas,Marinobacter, Photobacterium, and Vibrio showed capacity of TMAO utilization, but none of the isolated Acinebacter, Bacillus, Brevundimonas, Muricauda, Novosphingobium, Rheinheimera, Sphingobium and Stenotrophomonas did, indicating the utilization of TMAO is a species-speci?c feature. Furthermore, we noticed that the ability of TMAO utilization varied among strains of the same species. TMAO has greater impact on the growth of deep-sea isolates of Vibrio neocaledonicus than shallow-water isolates. Taken together, the results describe for the ?rst time the TMAO utilization in deep-sea bacterial strains, and expand our understanding of the physiological characteristic of marine bacteria.

Effect of Lactose on Acid Tolerance of Yogurt Culture Bacteria

Lactose, the sugar naturally present in milk, provides energy to lactic acid bacteria used in fermented dairy foods. Increasing concentrations of lactose may improve survivability of lactic acid bacteria in the dairy foods and in human gut enhancing their probiotic benefits. Acid tolerance is an important probiotic characteristic. The objective was to determine the influence of lactose on acid tolerance of yogurt starter culture Streptococcus thermophiles ST-M5 and Lactobacillus bulgaricus LB-12. The M 17 broth was used for Streptococcus thermophiles ST-M5 and MRS broth was used for Lactobacillus bulgaricus LB-12. Lactose was added to both broths at 0% (control), 1%, 3%, and 5% (wt/vol). Both broths were acidified to pH 2.0. Upon sterilizing and tempering, both broths were inoculated. Acid tolerance was determined as viable counts in acidified broths after 120 minutes of incubations. In an incubation period of 2 hours, dilutions were plated every 30 minutes. Three replications were conducted. The highest acid tolerance for Streptococcus thermophiles ST-M5 and Lactobacillus bulgaricus LB-12, was observed in lactose concentration of 3% and 5% (wt/vol).

Isolation and Screening of Cd-tolerant Bacterial Strains from Paddy Soils around Lead-zinc Tailings

Microorganisms being used in Cd-contaminated soil remediation have broad prospects in application.In order to obtain more Cd-tolerant microbial resources,paddy soils around lead-zinc tailings were collected to extract Cdtolerant bacterial strains by using the methods of enrichment culture,purification and gradient screening.The strains were identified by morphological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis.The Cd-tolerance and Cdadsorption abilities were then analyzed.The results showed that 6 Cd-tolerant bacterial strains were isolated,3 strains could grow in solid medium which had a cadmium concentration of 700 mg/L.These three strains(i.e.KGJ,KDT,and TU)were members of the Pseudomonas genus(Pseudomonas sp.)identified by morphological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis.The growth curve indicated that the growth rates of the strains were obviously inhibited under 250 mg/L cadmium treatment.The three strains were tolerant of cadmium concentrations over 250 mg/L for long periods of time up to the stationary phase,and TU had the strongest Cd-tolerance.The order of metal tolerance of TU to different heavy metals was Cd^2+ >Zn^2+ >Pb^2+respectively.Chemical analysis showed that the adsorption quantity of the 3 bacterial strains of KGJ,KDT,and TU were 7.596 mg/g,12.237 mg/g and 36.926 mg/g respectively by dry-weight,when the concentration of cadmium was 150 mg/L.All 3 strains had good tolerance and ability to adsorb cadmium,and therefore are considered important potential microbial resources for the remediation of Cd pollution in soil.

Effects of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented mustard on lowering cholesterol

Objective:To evaluate the ability of lactic acid bacteria(LAB)strains isolated from fermented mustard to lower the cholesterol in vitro.Methods:The ability of 50 LAB strains isolated from fermented mustard on lowering cholesterol in vitro was determined by modified o-phtshalaldehyde method.The LAB isolates were analyzed for their resistance to acid and bile salt.Strains with lowering cholesterol activity,were determined adherence to Caco-2 cells.Results:Strain B0007,B0006 and B0022 assimilated more cholesterol than BCRC10474 and BCRC17010.The isolated strains showed tolerance to pH 3.0 for 3h despite variations in the degree of viability and bile-tolerant strains,with more than 10~s CFU/mL after incubation for 24 h at 1%oxigall in MRS.In addition,strain B0007 and B0022 identified as Lactobacillus plantarum with 16S rDNA sequences were able to adhere to the Caco-2 cell lines.Conclusions:These strains B0007 and B0022 may be potential functional sources for cholesterollowering activities as well as adhering to Caco-2 cell lines.

Occurrence and Evaluation of Chromium Reducing Bacteria in Seepage Water from Chromite Mine Quarries of Orissa, India

Chromium pollution due to leaching and weathering of chromite mine overburden in mine seepage water is a serious environmental problem. In an attempt to explore the indigenous chromate resistant and reducing bacteria from chromite mine quarry seepage, 145 aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria were isolated from 14 mine seepage samples derived from chromite mines of Sukinda valley and Baula-Nuasahi belt in Orissa, India. A total of 109 isolates which were tolerant to 2 mM Cr(VI) showed different degrees of Cr(VI) reducing activ-ity in complex KSC medium and synthetic Vogel Bonner (VB) broth. Ten isolates belonging to genera like Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Cupriavidus and Corynebacterium were selected on the basis of their chromate reducing efficiency and it was found that they could reduce more than 50 and 75% of Cr(VI) in VB broth and KSC medium respectively. The sole Gram-positive isolate, Corynebacterium paurometabo-lum SKPD 1204 (MTCC 8730) showed maximum chromate reducing capacity in both VB broth (63.7%) and KSC medium (92%) and was capable of reducing nearly 95% of the total Cr(VI) in the mine seepage when it was grown in the mine seepage supplemented with 2% VB concentrate.

Pseudomonas fluorescens-like bacteria from the stomach:A microbiological and molecular study

AIM:To characterize oxidase-and urease-producing bacterial isolates,grown aerobically,that originated from antral biopsies of patients suffering from acid peptic diseases.METHODS:A total of 258 antral biopsy specimens were subjected to isolation of bacteria followed by tests for oxidase and urease production,acid tolerance and aerobic growth.The selected isolates were further characterized by molecular techniques viz.amplifications for 16S rRNA using universal eubacterial and HSP60 gene specific primers.The amplicons were subjected to restriction analysis and partial sequencing.A phylogenetic tree was generated using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean(UPGMA) from evolutionary distance computed with bootstrap test of phylogeny.Assessment of acidity tolerance of bacteria isolated from antrum was performed using hydrochloric acid from 10-7 mol/L to 10-1 mol/L.RESULTS:Of the 258 antral biopsy specimens collected from patients,179(69.4%) were positive for urease production by rapid urease test and 31%(80/258) yielded typical Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) after 5-7 d of incubation under a microaerophilic environment.A total of 240(93%) antral biopsies yielded homogeneous semi-translucent and small colonies after overnight incubation.The partial 16S rRNA sequences revealed that the isolates had 99% similarity with Pseudomonas species.A phylogenetic tree on the basis of 16S rRNA sequences denoted that JQ927226 and JQ927227 were likely to be related to Pseudomonas fluorescens(P.fluorescens).On the basis ofHSP60 sequences applied to the UPGMA phylogenetic tree,it was observed that isolated strains in an aerobic environment were likely to be P.fluorescens,and HSP60 sequences had more discriminatory potential rather than 16S rRNA sequences.Interestingly,this bacterium was acid tolerant for hours at low pH.Further,a total of 250(96.9%) genomic DNA samples of 258 biopsy specimens and DNA from 240 bacterial isolates were positive for the 613 bp amplicons by targeting P.fluorescens-specific conserved putative outer membrane protein gene sequences.CONCLUSION:This study indicates that bacterial isolates from antral biopsies grown aerobically were P.fluorescens,and thus acid-tolerant bacteria other than H.pylori can also colonize the stomach and may be implicated in pathogenesis/protection.

Potential of Novel Halotolerant and Psychrotrophic Strain of Planococcus sp. for Water Treatment

To screen multifunctional bacteria for water treatment,a chemical oxygen demand( COD)degradation and flocculation strain S2 A15 was obtained from the offshore sewage outfall at Weihai International Beach. Based on the phylogenetic characteristics,a novel strain was identified as a Planococcus species. Strain S2 A15 was determined to have the ability of flocculation and COD degradation. A series of experiments showed that the strain S2 A15 could be used for the treatment of four types of wastewater,including domestic wastewater( 400 mg/L and 800 mg/L) and high salt domestic wastewater( 400 mg/L and 800 mg/L). Among them,the best effect was exerted by the strain that reduced by 76.9% in domestic wastewater with 400 mg/L COD. The flocculation ratio reached 60.19%. The optimal treatment conditions are also discussed. We confirmed that the strain S2 A15 had salt tolerance and low temperature resistance. The best growth of S2 A15 at salt concentration of 6% and further confirmed that the strain could degrade COD at a low temperature.

Thermoresistant, Ethanol-Resistant and Acid-Resistant Properties of Acetic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Fermented Mango Alcohol

Vinegar production is seriously affected by the sensitivity of acetic acid bacteria (AAB) to high temperature, high ethanol concentrations, and high acetic acid concentrations. The aim of this study was to investigate the thermo-ethanol-acid tolerance characters of five AAB strains (VMA1, VMA5, VMA7, VMAM, VMAO) previously isolated from fermented mango alcohol and belonging to Gluconoacetobacter genera. As result, the five AAB strains exhibited good growth and acid production at temperatures up to 45°C;they could tolerate and produce acetic acid at ethanol concentrations up to 20% (v/v). In addition, the studied strains showed growth at acetic acid concentrations up to 4.5% (w/v). Strains VMA7 and VMAO showed the highest resistance properties: they demonstrated acid production at 50°C and VMAO could even grow at 60°C;they tolerated and produced acetic acid at 25% (v/v) ethanol concentration;they showed resistance to acetic acid concentrations up to 6% (w/v). Considering all these properties, the use of these strains would seriously contribute to improving the quality of the vinegar produced and help to reduce the cooling water feeds in vinegar production especially in hot countries in the context of global warming.

核桃根际耐旱促生菌的分离筛选及其促生作用研究

为获得高效促生的核桃根际菌株,研制微生物菌肥,改善土壤肥力,促进植株生长发育,提升核桃品质奠定理论基础。以核桃根际土壤为材料,分离筛选具有固N、溶P、解K、分泌生长素和产胞外多糖能力的菌株,通过16S rDNA测序鉴定菌属。按照功能叠加增效、功能互补的原则,人工构建合成菌群,采用盆栽试验验证菌群对核桃幼苗的促生效果。结果表明,共筛选出9株耐旱促生菌株,其中5株具有溶P能力,溶P量为2.28~61.63μg·mL^(-1),4株具有分泌IAA能力,分泌IAA量为2.32~9.44μg·mL^(-1),4株具有产胞外多糖的能力,产胞外多糖量为37.69~112.84μg·mL^(-1)。经鉴定分别属于节杆菌属、肠杆菌属、剑菌属、中华根瘤菌属、假单胞菌属和鞘氨醇杆菌属。盆栽试验表明,4种菌群均能显著促进核桃幼苗的生长,株高、生物量和净光合速率,与对照相比,分别增加了32.3%~64.2%、37.6%~52.6%和47.4%~68.5%。此外,复合菌群的施用还显著提高了土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)、β-N-乙酰葡糖胺糖苷酶(NAG)和碱性磷酸酶(AP)活性,增加了速效P、硝态N及铵态N含量(P<0.05),其中以复合菌群T4效果最佳。研究结果可为研制适合干旱半干旱区的微生物肥料提供菌种资源。

耐盐芽孢杆菌SF-18的生防潜能与基因组学分析

为从极端环境中分离具有优良抗菌活性的生物防治菌剂,采用稀释涂布平板法从新疆阿克苏盐碱地土样中分离筛选到1株具有明显抑菌作用的耐盐菌株SF-18;以大丽轮枝菌为指示菌,利用牛津杯法测定该菌株发酵液拮抗活性的稳定性,并利用2代和3代测序技术获得该菌株完整的基因组序列,对测序数据进行基因组装、预测、功能注释及次级代谢产物合成基因簇预测。结果显示,该菌株对金黄色葡萄球菌和大丽轮枝菌具有明显的抑制作用,能在18%NaCl的条件下生长;SF-18菌体发酵液在-20~80℃均具有较强的抑菌活性,能耐受pH 5~12的酸碱度环境;通过16S rDNA基因和gyrB基因序列分析,鉴定SF-18菌株隶属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacil⁃lus);全基因序列分析结果显示菌株有480个基因参与了多种碳源的代谢,含有编码亚精胺和海藻糖等与菌株抗逆性相关化合物合成的基因,以及能够降解病原菌细胞壁的葡聚糖酶、几丁质酶等酶的相关基因;次生代谢产物预测分析SF-18含有合成bacillaene、bacillibactin等多种抗性化合物的基因簇,推测菌株SF-18可能通过产生抑菌性的次生代谢产物以及相关降解酶来达到抑菌的效果,在农业生物防治中具有较好的应用前景。

蔬菜膳食纤维基多菌群乳酸菌生物膜的制备、表征及其稳定性分析

试验采用自主设计的生物膜形成培养装置,以8种乳酸菌类益生菌为菌种,以MRS复合甘蓝、芹菜、黄瓜、冬瓜等4种蔬菜浆液为营养液,以营养液中的水不溶性蔬菜膳食纤维为载体,进行连续动态培养.结果表明,37℃培养7天时,形成的乳酸菌与蔬菜膳食纤维复合生物膜中的菌浓可达2.24×10^(12)CFU/g,显微表征和菌群结构分析结果表明,乳杆菌属和片球菌属均得到了富集.对获得的乳酸菌与蔬菜膳食纤维复合生物膜进行了贮存试验及模拟消化试验,结果显示25℃6个月后,活菌数仍在10^(6)CFU/g以上,模拟消化后活菌数保持在10^(12)CFU/g以上.本试验结果可为高菌浓益生菌发酵剂、益生菌包埋材料以及益生菌膳食补充剂等的开发提供理论依据及技术支撑.

新疆哈萨克酸马奶中功能性乳酸菌株的筛选、鉴定及功能评价

目的从新疆哈萨克传统发酵酸马奶中筛选和鉴定益生性性乳酸菌,并探究其胃肠道消化耐受性和抗氧化潜力。方法通过稀释涂布平板法和生理生化鉴定来分离纯化乳酸菌属,利用耐酸性和耐胆盐性筛选出潜在的胃肠道消化耐受性强的候选菌株,采用体外模拟消化、硫酸铁铵比色法和甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)试剂盒评估候选菌株的胃肠道存活率、降胆固醇能力和降甘油三酯能力。同时,通过1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除能力、2,2’-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)ammonium salt,ABTS]阳离子自由基清除能力和铁还原能力测试候选菌株的抗氧化潜力,并与德式乳杆菌保加利亚亚种(Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus)进行比较分析。最后,采用16S rRNA高通量测序对候选菌株进行精确鉴定。结果从新疆哈萨克传统发酵酸马奶中分离纯化出96株菌株,40株被鉴定为乳酸菌属。10株候选菌株表现出较高的耐酸性和耐胆盐性,并被鉴定为鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus)、植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)、戊糖乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus pentosus)和副干酪乳杆菌(Lacticaseibacillus paracasei)。其中,M2菌株(Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus)表现出最佳的益生特性,胆固醇和甘油三酯降解率高,模拟胃肠液中存活率高,对DPPH和ABTS阳离子自由基的清除能力高于德式乳杆菌保加利亚亚种。结论本研究成功从新疆哈萨克传统发酵酸马奶中筛选鉴定出高耐受性、高抗氧化性的L.rhamnosus M2,为发掘和利用酸马奶中的功能性益生菌提供了理论依据。

泡椒汁中耐受辣椒素乳酸菌的筛选及其耐受性研究

为强化发酵生产泡椒提供耐受辣椒素的乳酸菌,在四川农家自制泡椒老卤水中筛选并鉴定出一株耐受辣椒素植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)Y-6,在0.5 g/L辣椒素下的相对生长率为(70.16±0.03)%;菌液电导率、核酸蛋白泄漏、菌体细胞超微结构测定结果表明,辣椒素通过破坏乳酸菌的壁膜结构延滞其生长;菌株Y-6在IC_(50)(0.571 g/L)辣椒素处理下仍能保持细胞形态相对完整,受辣椒素的抑制作用低于商用乳酸菌6239;RT-qPCR结果表明,Y-6通过调节usp等应激蛋白基因表达应对辣椒素引起的膜损伤;调节相容性溶质调控系统基因以及ABC转运蛋白渗透酶基因的表达维持菌体渗透压的平衡;通过提高糖酵解等与生长代谢相关基因表达,维持其在辣椒素环境中的生长代谢。菌株Y-6对辣椒素有较高的耐受性,可为发酵辣椒的工业化生产和菌株改良育种工作的开展提供理论依据。

耐盐碱性蛋白酶菌株LK-3的筛选及酶学性质

为了寻找产碱性蛋白酶活性高且稳定性良好的野生菌株,作者从上海临港区域的东海海水中筛选出一株高产稳定且耐盐的产碱性蛋白酶菌株。对该菌株的形态学特性、生理特性以及16S rDNA基因序列进行测序和分析,确定该菌株为同温层芽孢杆菌(Bacillus stratosphericus),并命名为B. stratosphericus LK-3。酶学性质研究结果显示,该酶的最适作用条件为温度35℃、p H 8.5、最适接种体积分数7%,该酶在上述条件下发酵72 h的酶活力为(581.74±0.81) U/mL。此外该酶具有较好的耐盐性,即使在40 g/dL的高饱和盐质量浓度下仍然保持22.03%的相对原始酶活力。蛋白酶的耐盐性是一个有价值的特性,可将其纯化后作为洗涤剂的生物添加剂应用于工业生产。

不同月龄苏淮育肥猪纤维表观消化率、肠道长度与微生物差异分析

[目的]本试验旨在探究不同月龄苏淮育肥猪耐粗饲特征(以纤维表观消化率为评定表型)、肠道发育及肠道微生物的差异,并分析肠道发育及微生物与纤维表观消化率的相关性。[方法]试验选取82头出生条件相近的苏淮猪,在相同饲养环境下饲养,分别在7、8月龄时进行屠宰。采集结肠后端内容物样品并测定不同月龄结肠后段各营养成分的表观消化率;测定肠道长度、周长,分析不同月龄苏淮育肥猪肠道营养成分表观消化率和肠道发育差异,并进行消化率与肠道长度、周长的相关性分析。同时,分别在7、8月龄猪中选取高纤维消化率组和低纤维消化率组各5头进行盲肠、结肠内容物常见纤维分解菌的丰度分析。[结果]8月龄苏淮猪的粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗蛋白和粗脂肪的表观消化率均显著高于7月龄(P<0.05),但8月龄苏淮猪大肠、小肠及整个肠道长度、盲肠、结肠周长与7月龄间无显著差异。盲肠周长与粗纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和粗脂肪的表观消化率呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。7月龄和8月龄苏淮猪的盲肠、结肠白化瘤胃球菌和柔嫩梭菌的丰度在高、低纤维消化率组间均无显著差异。7月龄苏淮猪的结肠柔嫩梭菌丰度在高、低纤维消化组均显著高于盲肠(P<0.05)。8月龄苏淮猪结肠柔嫩梭菌丰度在低纤维消化率组显著低于7月龄(P<0.05)。[结论]不同月龄苏淮猪耐粗饲特征不同,随月龄的增加,苏淮猪的消化性能逐渐完善,8月龄苏淮猪各营养成分表观消化率显著高于7月龄,且其纤维消化率与盲肠周长呈显著正相关,但肠道内容物中白化瘤胃球菌和柔嫩梭菌可能不是影响其纤维消化的关键微生物。

产共轭亚油酸Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZFM804的筛选及益生特性评价

作者以发酵食品中分离的8株乳酸菌为研究对象,采用紫外分光光度法筛选出产共轭亚油酸(CLA)的菌株,进一步对其体外益生特性进行评价。结果表明,Pediococcus acidilactici ZFM801、Leuconostoc mesenteroides ZFM803、Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZFM804、Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZFM805、Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZFM806、Weissella cibaria ZFM810具有产CLA的能力,其中Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZFM804产CLA能力最高(质量浓度达21.7 mg/L),且CLA异构体分别为c9,t11-CLA和t10,c12-CLA。益生特性评价结果表明,Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZFM804对3种致病菌的共凝聚率均高达25%以上。耐受性结果表明,Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZFM804可耐受质量分数4%的NaCl和质量分数0.1%的胆盐;同时Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZFM804在模拟胃肠液环境下同样表现出较高的耐受性,且p H 4.5时存活率高达60%以上;其次Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZFM804对藤黄微球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌具有显著的抑制作用。综上,Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZFM804具有高产CLA的潜能和良好的益生特性。

耐盐促生菌提高盐胁迫下植物生长的研究进展

土壤盐渍化是全世界面临的环境难题之一,严重影响作物的生长发育。而施用耐盐促生菌能够快速、高效提高植物的生长量,改善盐渍土壤的性质。介绍了耐盐促生菌的种类,从其促生机制、提高植物耐盐机制的角度出发,阐述了盐胁迫下耐盐促生菌在不同植物中的应用。今后还需加强对耐盐促生菌的筛选、载体固定化以及与土著微生物的相互作用机制方面的研究,以期为耐盐促生菌进一步的大规模使用提供参考。

AMF和PGPR单独或“跨界”互作促进植物耐盐性的研究进展

盐碱地改良和利用对拓展我国后备耕地资源及保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义。根际微生物作为植物的“第二基因组”,在提高作物抗盐碱胁迫能力,促进作物“以种适地”方面具有巨大潜力。其中,丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)和植物根际促生细菌(plant growth promoting rhizobacteria,PGPR)均为重要的根际有益微生物,能显著提高植物耐盐性。本文分别总结了AMF和PGPR提高植物抗盐能力的相关研究进展,并进一步梳理了两者协同提高植物耐盐的机制,包括提高养分效率、调节激素内稳态、提高植物诱导抗性以及调控转录因子表达等,最后提出了基于两者跨界组合的改良方向。旨在充分理解盐胁迫条件下微生物耐盐促生的作用机制,为充分挖掘微生物资源潜力和发展生物技术治理盐碱地提供重要的科学支撑。

市售益生菌剂产品活性检测及其模拟胃消化耐受性

以足够数量的活菌到达肠道等作用部位是益生菌发挥有益功效的前提,因此活菌数量和消化道耐受性是评价益生菌产品的2个重要指标。该研究的主要目的是评价市售益生菌剂产品的初始活性及胃消化耐受性,同时探究胃消化过程中不同生理因素对菌株活性的影响。首先使用流式细胞术测定样品的总菌和活菌含量,其次对样品进行不同条件的模拟消化实验,测定样品活菌总数并计算存活率。结果表明,15种样品的活菌含量均与标识值存在差异,但所有产品均符合国际及国内标准;模拟胃消化实验中胃液pH值为影响菌剂活性的主要因素,模拟消化转速和胃蛋白酶浓度为次要因素。相同的模拟胃消化实验中,不同产品的耐受性存在明显区别。该研究为制定相关标准及规范市场环境提供依据,对于消费者选择产品和生产者提升产品质量具有重要的指导意义。