论“丑”的审美价值功能

审美 ,是艺术区别于其它社会意识形态的本质特性 ,故此 ,创作主体和审美主体的审美注意力往往只是聚焦于美的事物 ,而丑的“魔力”则常因美的光辉而显得暗淡无光。事实上 ,丑的审美价值功能却是不容忽视的。其理在于 :首先 ,美与丑是万事万物的矛盾统一体 ,失去了对方便失去了自我。艺术表现美 ,而丑是不可或缺的。其次 ,美和丑不仅是相辅相成的 ,而且还是互相包容、相互渗透的 ,丑中蕴涵着向美转化的因子。第三 ,真善美的获得 ,离不开丑的彰显、启示和映衬 ,丑具有多方面的审美价值功能。

咸学的先声——兼论美学与丑学的合题

美学处于嬗变之中 ,丑学也在演化之际 ,它们向何处去 ?前景又会如何 ?本文认为 ,华夏的“咸”在精神孕含着美丑兼审的优长 ,《易经》的“咸卦”传导出咸学的先声。早在上古 ,“咸”论已是一种“显学”。虽经历了漫长岁月的文史遮蔽 ,但其“极言感通之理”的纲领性价值依旧被历代有识之士不时披阅。其和光同尘的禀赋肇自远古 ,泯合分裂的大德经磨历劫 ,与道俱化的风韵无远弗届 ,原始要终的本色恒久弥新。提倡“咸”学 ,旨在勾兑雅学俗学 ,契合文学史学 ,扬弃美学丑学 ,陶冶中学西学 ,通化古学今学 ,融和周遭众学。咸学以一学解多学 ,成学又不自矜其学且能通化己学 ,叩道体道之学问慎终追远 ,于此有德。

“美”与“丑”的对称与不对称及其解释

"美"与"丑"是一对相对词,前者具有正面意义,后者具有负面意义。它们在词汇、短语和句法层面,既能体现出对称性,又能体现出不对称性。其中的原因就在于客观世界的复杂性,主观世界的能动性,以及语言本身的制约性。

敦煌写本《丑妇赋》校注补遗

敦煌写本P.3716V《丑妇赋》以讽刺、夸张的手法刻画了一个相貌丑陋、言行粗鄙的丑妇形象。经过潘重规、张锡厚、伏俊琏、项楚、萧旭、赵家栋等诸位学者的校勘审订和注释疏通,其文字上的不解之处渐趋得以清除。然而,细细研读,其间文字仍有进一步勘正和疏解的必要。这里便就“耽眠嗜睡”“以犊速兮为行,以屈淬兮为跪”及“所有男女总收取”等10处文字的形义问题加以探讨和补充。

谈“醜”论“丑”

“醜”“丑”作为繁简字,曾出现互用现象。该文通过历时分析“醜”“丑”的字形演变,以文献用例和字形说明“醜”“丑”两字本义并不完全相同。最后从使用频率、经济原则、同音替换等方面探讨“丑”代替繁体字“醜”的使用。

中国古代芍药文献考释

芍药早在春秋时即见记载,是拥有很长文化史的花卉。魏晋南北朝时期开始出现几首咏物诗歌,也孕育出如女诗人辛萧《芍药花颂》这样的芍药名篇。至北宋,扬州的芍药种植空前繁盛,同时受以牡丹谱为代表的植物谱录影响,芍药著谱活动兴起。在11世纪70年代,刘攽、王观、孔武仲相继寄居扬州,共留下3本芍药谱,在短短数年间集中出现同类植物谱录是极为罕见的。事实上,孔谱之后亦有艾丑的芍药谱,至明代,曹守贞又编撰《维扬芍药谱(合纂)》。本文对这5部芍药谱的成书时间、撰者经历、内容等进行探讨,并针对各谱版本进行比较甄别。此外,对绍熙《广陵志》、《花镜》等其他文献中出现的芍药品种及其相关记载,本文也做简单梳理,以进一步揭开中国芍药史的神秘面纱。

当代绘画的审美取向

当代绘画艺术毋庸置疑已成为近几十年乃至今后人们所谈及的艺术话题.每当我们面对一幅当代画作时,总会有这样的疑问,'何为当代艺术'?关于'当代艺术'概念的界定,往往会有一些误解,而这不由得联系到当代艺术审美取向.有关这方面,寇鹏程教授曾在一文章中谈及到'在世纪之交以来,美学正在历经一场反本性主义的解构浪潮.通过对美的本性进行解构之后,'丑'与'真'、'善'的特有语义有何区别,有何统一规定?'在此,将针对'丑'这个字,谈谈当代艺术的审美取向.主要从中国的语境出发,了解中国当代绘画的审'丑'取向的审美观.

SCGM(1,m)_c model with time-lag and its application in deformation analysis

Originated in the early 1990s, SCGM(1, m ) c model has enjoyed widespread application in the fields of urban planning, society economy prediction and modal control in recent years. However, none of these applications have taken account of time lag effects in the modeling process. Aiming at overcoming the defect, the authors introduced time lag items into SCGM(1, m ) c model and developed a SCGM(1, m ) c model with time lag, then discusses in detail some principal problems in the model, such as parameters estimation, model verifying, model prediction, etc. The model was used on a real slope monitoring project and compared with the conventional SCGM(1, m ) c model. The results show an improvement of average models precision from 1.321 to 0.238 and total average of relative prediction errors from 12.41% to 7.98% when the modeling data length ranges from 29 to 48 in the slope monitoring case.

Engineering behaviors of reinforced gabion retaining wall based on laboratory test

In order to study the engineering behaviors of reinforced gabion retaining wall,laboratory model test was carried out.Cyclic load and unload of five levels(0-50,0-100,0-50,0-200 and 0-250 kPa) were imposed.Vertical earth pressure,lateral earth pressure,deformation behaviors of reinforcements,potential failure surface and deformation behaviors of wall face were studied.Results show that vertical earth pressure is less than theoretical value,the ratio of vertical earth pressure to theoretical value increases nearly linearly with increasing load,and the correlation coefficient of regression equation is 0.92 for the second layer and 0.79 for the fifth layer.The distribution of lateral earth pressure along the wall back is nonlinear and it is less than theoretical value especially when the load imposed at the top of retaining wall is large.Therefore,reinforced gabion retaining wall will be in great safety when current method is adopted.The deformation behaviors of reinforcements both in the third layer and the fifth layer are single-peak distributions,and the position of the maximum strain is behind that determined by 0.3H(Here H refers to the height of retaining wall) method or Rankine theory.Lateral deformation of wall face increases with increasing load,and the largest lateral deformation occurs in the fourth layer,which lead to a bulging in the middle of wall face.

Breeding and mass scale rearing of clownfish Amphiprion percula: feeding and rearing in brackishwater

Breeding and mass scale larval rearing of clownfish Amphiprion percula is very limited in brackishwater. We designed an indoor program of A. percula culture in brackishwater with a salinity of 24±1, during which the impacts of feed type, water temperature, and light intensity, on the efficiency of its reproduction, were revealed. The fish were accommodated along with sea anemones in fibre glass tanks to determine the influence of brooder diet on breeding efficiency. Higher reproductive efficiency [number of eggs laid （276±22.3 eggs）] was observed when fish were fed live Acetes sp. rather than clam （204±16.4 eggs）, trash fish （155±12 eggs） and formulated feed （110±10 eggs）. The spawning rate was increased during September and October （water temperature, 28.74±0.55℃） on average of 2.4 spawning per month; and low spawning rate was in January （water temperature, 24.55±0.45℃） on average of I spawning per month. Among three light intensities （100, 500, and 900 1x） set to evaluate larval survival rate, larvae showed the highest survival rate （65.5%） at 900 lx. The breeding method specifically in brackishwater developed in the present study is a new approach, will help the people from the regions of estuary and backwater to enhance their livelihood and it will lead to reduce the exploitation from the wild habitat.

Embryology of Maldives Clownfish, Amphiprion nigripes (Amphiprioninae)

This study investigated the embryonic development of Maldives clownfish Amphiprion nigripes under natural conditions (28 - 30℃) at a lagoon of Agatti Island, Lakshadweep, India. The newly deposited fish egg was capsule-shaped and orange-red, with a (0.73 ± 0.04) mm3 yolk containing 5 - 10 fat globules. The embryonic development of fertilized eggs was divided into 26 stages and the time elapsing for each stage was recorded. Results showed that the cleavage was rapid, with the first division observed 1 h 20 min after fertilization. Blastulation occurred 4 h later, followed by gastrulation 12 h after fertilization, with a yolk volume of (0.61 ± 0.06) mm3. The organogenesis process started 22 h after fertilization when the blastopores closed and notochord formation began. The embryonic stage was recorded 24 h later, with the appearance of forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, melanophores on yolk-sac and 22 somites, and a decreased yolk volume of (0.54 ± 0.08) mm3. Other organs developed well 31 h after fertilization, whereas the heart started beating and blood circulation began 78 h later. Red pigmentation (erytrophores) appeared 96 h after fertilization, with a small yolk volume of (0.22 ± 0.02) mm3. Mouth developed well and eyes were noticeable 120 h later, with head, pectoral fin and tail frequently moving 144 h after fertilization. The embryo reached the pre-hatching stage 168 h later and started to hatch after 170 - 180 h incubation. This study first detailed the embryonic development and yolk absorption of A. nigripes under natural conditions.

Coalescence behaviour of water droplets in water‐oil interface under pulsatile electric fields

In this research, the deformation of water droplets in sunflower oil-interface under pulsatile electric field was studied experimentally. Three types of coalescence were observed:(i) complete coalescence,(ii) incomplete coalescence and(iii) no-coalescence. The first type is desirable because of leaving no secondary droplets. The second type that produced secondary droplets which caused by necking process, due to extreme elongation of droplets(mostly small droplets), was undesirable; because the small droplets were more difficult to coalesce and remove. The no-coalescence was caused by very fast coalescence and extensive pushing of droplet into the continuous phase. In this work the process was operated with the utilization of a batch cylindrical separator with high voltage system. The lower part of the cylinder was filled with the aqueous phase and its top part was filled with sunflower oil to form an interface between the two phases. The effects of electric field strength,frequency, and waveform types were investigated. It was found that, the ramp-ac waveform was the best waveform, avoiding the production of secondary droplets and in this case the frequency also played an important role.

Mathematical Characterization of Twisted Yarn

Twist leads to yarn torsion, which influences the physical and mechanical properties of yarn or fabric directly. In this paper, according to the basic principle of space geometry, the space geometric model of yarn was established, then the linking number,twisting number, and writhing number of elastic rod model were defined. The reason of yarn snarling was analyzed based on the energy, and the relation between yarn snarling and yarn torsion was studied according to White formula. The results show when tow ends of yarn are fixed, the linking number is constant, which means the sum of twisting number and writhing number for yarn torsion deformation and bend deformation is constant.

论“丑”和“副净”——兼谈南戏形态发展的一条轨迹

“丑”源于“副净”,较早出现于南戏,而鲜见于元杂剧。它是“净”的分蘖,又有其独特的表演形态。从它形成和发展的过程中,可以窥见南戏这一戏种独特的品味,以及中国古代戏曲如何走向角色专业化、表演程式化的过程。

《新唐书·宰相世系表》之“豆卢氏”源出考

《新唐书.宰相世系表》之"豆卢氏"是否由北魏初年慕容氏避难改姓而来,历来史界存在不同看法。本文对魏初慕容氏避难改姓的经历及至周齐隋唐间的世系进行了详细考证和补充,以期解此疑案。

古书画鉴定研究的集大成者——庆祝徐邦达先生百年华诞的发言

徐邦达先生是古书画研究鉴定的集大成者,这是由各方面的因素造成的。作者长期侍从徐先生阅看古书画,对先生能成为集大成者,从各个方面进行了阐述。如:先生成名经历、艺术学养、学识功底、性情人品,特别是治学方法等。从中可以看出,徐邦达先生的所有学术著作,是一个全面的、有内在联系的古书画研究体系。

Restrained torsion of open thin-walled beams including shear deformation effects

A first-order torsion theory based on Vlasov theory has been developed to investigate the restrained torsion of open thin-walled beams. The total rotation of the cross section is divided into a free warping rotation and a restrained shear rotation. In first-order torsion theory, St. Venant torque is only related to the free warping rotation and the expression of St. Venant torque is derived by using a semi-inverse method. The relationship between the warping torque and the restrained shear rotation is established by using an energy method. The torsion shear coefficient is then obtained. On the basis of the torsion equilibrium, the governing differential equation of the restrained torsion is derived and the corresponding initial method is given to solve the equation. The relationship between total rotation and flee warping rotation is obtained. A parameter λ, which is associated with the stiffness property of a cross section and the beam length, is introduced to determine the condition, under which the St. Venant constant is negligible. Consequently a simplified theory is derived. Numerical examples are illustrated to validate the current approach and the results of the current theory are compared with those of some other available methods. The results of comparison show that the current theory provides more accurate results, In the example of a channel-shaped cantilever beam, the applicability of the simplified theory is determined by the parameter study of λ.

Temperature and thermodynamic deformation analysis of the rotors on a twin screw multiphase pump with high gas volume fractions

The pressure increasing process within a twin screw multiphase pump, under the condition of high gas volume fractions (GVFs), induces large temperature and pressure changes that cause the rotors to deform. Rotor deformations heavily influence the backflow of the multiphase fluid through clearances within the twin screw multiphase pump and these deformations may even lead to pump failures. An accurate temperature and pressure distribution on the screw rotors need be obtained before the deformation analysis can be carried out. By means of small temperature and pressure sensors embedded into the groove at the root of the rotors, the temperatures of 12 points on the rotors and the pressure distributions of a twin screw multiphase pump under high GVFs conditions were recorded. Temperature test results were adopted to perform a heat transfer analysis for determining the temperature distribution on the screw rotors. Then deformation analyses, including thermal deformation, force deformation, and total deformation, were conducted according to the pressure and temperature distributions. Deformation analysis for different materials was also conducted under the same boundary conditions. A material was suggested for the manufacturing of rotors in a twin screw multiphase pump under the condition of high gas volume fractions.

Three evolutionary stages of the collision orogenic deformation in the Middle Yangtze Region

A discussion of collision orogenic deformation has been made for the Middle Yangtze Region. Based on its deformation assemblage orders, three developing stages are classified successively as compression thrust uplift, strike-slip escape rheology and tension extension inversion. The collision orogenesis of the studied region has been divided into three developing periods of initial, chief and late orogeny. Based on the data from Wugong Mts., Jiuling Mts. and Xuefeng Mts.,for each stage, its variation of stress and strain axes, the conversion of joint fractures and their relative tectonic evolution are described, models are plotted and corresponding explanations are made for the rock chronology dating value in the same tectonic period.

Geodynamic characteristics of tectonic extension in the northern margin of South China Sea

Based on the geothermal and gravitation methods, this paper investigated the rheological and thermal structure of the lithosphere under the northern margin of South China Sea. The result shows that the temperature of the upper crust is 150–300°C lower than that of the lower crust, and the viscous coefficient of the upper crust is 2–3 orders of magnitude larger than that of the lower crust. It reveals that the upper crust is characterized by brittle deformation while the lower crust by ductile deformation. A channel of lower-viscosity should be formed between the upper and lower crust when the lithosphere is scattered and spreads out toward ocean from northwest to southeast along the northern margin of South China Sea. And, a brittle deformation takes place in the upper part of the lithosphere while a ductile deformation takes place in the lower part of the lithosphere due to different viscous coefficients and temperature. The layered deformation leads the faulted blocks to rotate along the faulting and the marginal grabens to appear in the northern margin of South China Sea in Cenozoic tectonic expansion.