The transfer of pressurized water reactor(PWR)technology from France to China is an important event in the history of Sino-French scientific and technological relations.China has gradually achieved self-reliance in th...The transfer of pressurized water reactor(PWR)technology from France to China is an important event in the history of Sino-French scientific and technological relations.China has gradually achieved self-reliance in the field of PWR technology through the introduction and subsequent absorption of France's 900 MW reactors.Compared with the process of introducing and absorbing similar technology from the United States by France,China's experience has been more complicated.This circumstance reflects the differences in the nuclear power technology systems between the two countries.France's industrial strength and early acquisition of nuclear power technology laid a solid foundation for mastering PWR technology.On the other hand,although China established a weak foundation through the implementation of the"728 Project,"and tried hard to negotiate with France,the substantive content of the technology transfer was very limited.By way of the policy transition from"unhooking of technology and trade"to"integration of technology and trade,"China ultimately accomplished the absorption and innovation of PWR technology through the Ling'ao NPP.展开更多
The annual frequency of red tides from 1977 to 2012 and the monthly frequency of red tides from 2001 to 2012 in China seas were used to establish the time series of red tide annual frequency and monthly frequency, res...The annual frequency of red tides from 1977 to 2012 and the monthly frequency of red tides from 2001 to 2012 in China seas were used to establish the time series of red tide annual frequency and monthly frequency, respectively. The annual frequency fit well with time segments revealed by piecewise linear regression analysis. The seasonal maximum of monthly frequency was in May （-18.22）, and the stochastic volatility tended to increase gradually with time series, with peak values occurring from May to July. Holt exponential smoothing and Holt-winter exponential smoothing were used to predict red tide annual and monthly frequencies, which revealed that the annual frequency of red tides would rise slowly by one time from 2013 to 2020, and that red tides would mainly occur from May to July in 2013-2016 with a peak value of about 25 times in May.展开更多
The residence-time distribution （RTD） and the compartment model were applied to characterizing the flow regions in red mud separation thickener’s feedwells. Combined with the experimental work, validated mathematic...The residence-time distribution （RTD） and the compartment model were applied to characterizing the flow regions in red mud separation thickener’s feedwells. Combined with the experimental work, validated mathematical model as well as three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics （CFD） model was established to analyze the flow regions of feedwells on an industrial scale. The concept of RTD, although a well-known method for the characterization of mixing behavior in conventional mixers and reactors, is still a novel measure for the characterization of mixing in feedwells. Numerical simulation results show that the inlet feed rate and the aspect ratio of feedwells are the most critical parameters which affect the RTD of feedwell. Further simulation experiments were then carried out. Under the optimal operation conditions, the volume fraction of dead zone can reduce by10.8% and an increasement of mixing flow volume fraction by 6.5% is also observed. There is an optimum feed inlet rate depending on the feedwell design. The CFD model in conjunction with the RTD analysis then can be used as an effective tool in the design, evaluation and optimization of thickener feedwell in the red mud separation.展开更多
Change trend of Chinese urban residents＇ per capita food-nitrogen annual consumption from 1981 to 2007 was analyzed and predicted by using ARIMA time-series model in order to reveal the change of urban food-nitrogen ...Change trend of Chinese urban residents＇ per capita food-nitrogen annual consumption from 1981 to 2007 was analyzed and predicted by using ARIMA time-series model in order to reveal the change of urban food-nitrogen consumption during the China＇s urbanization process.Results showed that after 1980s,the annual consumption of Chinese urban residents＇ food-nitrogen had a change trend of ＂ increase-decrease-increase＂ and generally presented as a slight increasing trend;With the acceleration of rapid economic development and urbanization process,Chinese urban residents＇ food-nitrogen consumption will still keep a rising trend in future,and also has a large rising space.展开更多
Remarkable achievements have been made in China＇s agricultural development since the late 1970s. Nevertheless, deep-rooted problems are arising from inefficient farming practices. From mid- and long-term perspectives...Remarkable achievements have been made in China＇s agricultural development since the late 1970s. Nevertheless, deep-rooted problems are arising from inefficient farming practices. From mid- and long-term perspectives, migration of China＇s agricultural labor will slow and large-scale operation of farmland will accelerate. Although grain supply and demand have maintained a tight balance, new potentials still exist in improving grain production. Under the pressures of resource and environmental constraints, advancing the green and efficient transition of agriculture will become a new trend in China＇s agricultural development. In this context, the treatment of agricultural pollution, supply-side structural reform and innovation of agricultural subsidy policy are of strategic significance to the transition and upgrade of China＇s agriculture.展开更多
This paper examines the effect of supply-side structural reforms on China＇s potential economic growth rate in the coming decade according to the data the authors have gathered. Under the rapid growth scenario with th...This paper examines the effect of supply-side structural reforms on China＇s potential economic growth rate in the coming decade according to the data the authors have gathered. Under the rapid growth scenario with the implementation of supply-side structural reforms, China＇s potential economic growth rate will reach an average of 6.5% and 5.8% respectively in the 13th Five-year Plan （2016-2020） and 14th Five-year Plan （2021-2025） periods. These rates are 0.2 and 0.3 percentage points higher, respectively, than that under the baseline scenario with the inertia of historic trends. In implementing supply-side structural reforms, China must transform governmental functions, break monopolies, create a comprehensive competitive market environment, foster the creation of pro-innovation mechanisms, refocus on quality and efficiency, and raise capital utilization and labor productivity.展开更多
The Middle Jurassic palynomorphs from the Yan'an Formation in Dongsheng region of Nei Monggol, consist of 63 species of fossil spores and pollen grains belonging to 34 genera, of which two species were described a...The Middle Jurassic palynomorphs from the Yan'an Formation in Dongsheng region of Nei Monggol, consist of 63 species of fossil spores and pollen grains belonging to 34 genera, of which two species were described as new. Based on statistical analysis of 3 863 specimens identified in 10 samples from Hantaichuan, Nianpanlianggou and Liugou sections, the sporo-pollen assemblage from the Yan'an Formation in Dongsheng region was established, which is generally characterized by the slight dominance of gymnospermous pollen grains (generally attaining proportion of 51%-54%), whereas the pteridophytic spores reach 46%-49% in abundance. In comparison with those of adjacent regions as well as Eurasia and North America, the present sporo-pollen assemblage is regarded to early Middle Jurassic (corresponding to Bajocian Stage) in geological age. According to the climatic conditions reflected by the palynoflora, the paleoclimate in Dongsheng region is suggested to be warm temperate or subtropical warm and humid during the early Middle Jurassic.展开更多
Based on her own experience of many years＇ clinical practice, Prof. Zhang Anli summarized and created the method in which the shallow insertion at the upper eyelid, acupuncture at the Back-shu points and balanced sel...Based on her own experience of many years＇ clinical practice, Prof. Zhang Anli summarized and created the method in which the shallow insertion at the upper eyelid, acupuncture at the Back-shu points and balanced selection of points together with the modified Setting Mountain on Fire and application of Fire Needle were applied for the treatment of stubborn cases of facial palsy. The therapeutic effect is good.展开更多
Based on statistics, this paper reviews China＇s economic growth and industrial upgrade since the reform and opening up in 1978 and estimates the contribution of industrial restructuring to economic growth. With the y...Based on statistics, this paper reviews China＇s economic growth and industrial upgrade since the reform and opening up in 1978 and estimates the contribution of industrial restructuring to economic growth. With the years of schooling as the proxy variable of human capital, this paper describes changes in China＇s labor competence during the industrial restructuring process. Then, this paper estimates China＇s future human capital demand and shortage based on economic and demographic forecast. Lastly, this paper proposes recommendations for improving human capital in China with skills development and education.展开更多
The World Trade Organization (WTO), an international organization to deal with the world free trade mechanism, allows for the optimal use of the world's resources in accordance with the objective of sustainable de...The World Trade Organization (WTO), an international organization to deal with the world free trade mechanism, allows for the optimal use of the world's resources in accordance with the objective of sustainable development and the protection of environment and trade. China, as a state member of WTO, is challenged by the WTO's agreements and the principles to guideline China sustainable forest development in the future. Forest resources in China will be protected as the basic sections of natural resources. The administrative function of Chinese government will be reformed by the condition of WTO's principles. So, the aim of China forest sustainable development is prior to deal with the relationship between the environment protection and development of economy. Under the condition of the WTO's principles and as a base on the international customary laws, the issues of China forest sustainable development focus on the China forest system reformation that applies for the China nature forest stratagem by the laws and protects the China environment for the sustainable development under the condition of science development, especially in the China forest protection and in dealing with the relationship among the environment and the economy development and others. Establishing the zoological forest industry is basic requirement by both the WTO's agreements and the WTO's principles, especially under the GATT 1947 Art XX, and other principles to protect the China forest sustainable development and to create the international environment for China forest. Keywords WTO's principles - China forest - Sustainable development CLC number S7-05 Document code B Biography: CAO Pei-zhong (1965-), male, Associate Professor of Shandong Agriculture of University. School of Laws and Literature. LLM of University of Canberra, one of ten lawyers with experience of almost ten years, sent by the Government in 2000, arbitrator and engineer. Chief of Shandong Agriculture University Laws Institution, publishing the papers abroad and in China medium At present, dealing with the project and rescarching on.international litigation, especially the WTO and EU law, is major the directionResponsible editor: Chai Ruihal展开更多
With the international trade theories as the basis,this study started with researches on the reality of agricultural products that often experience anti-dumping,carried out a careful study on the construction of busin...With the international trade theories as the basis,this study started with researches on the reality of agricultural products that often experience anti-dumping,carried out a careful study on the construction of business strategic supporting-system to cope with the anti-dumping so as to promote the association governance and industrial warning mechanism and to provide new strategic thinking and theoretical support for the exporters to cope with anti-dumping.展开更多
Aiming at harsh environment of cluster bombs center tube explosion dispersion and difficulties in installation of traditional test systems,a storage test system based on 16-bit ultra-low power microcontroller MSP430 i...Aiming at harsh environment of cluster bombs center tube explosion dispersion and difficulties in installation of traditional test systems,a storage test system based on 16-bit ultra-low power microcontroller MSP430 is designed in order to acquire gas pressure during cluster bombs dispersion.To meet the requirement of low power consumption,the working states of system＇s modules during data acquisition are elaborated and the equation to calculate the gas pressure change during cylindrical center tube opening the hatch is deduced.The field test is conducted and good test results are obtained.展开更多
目的运用分子对接技术预测加味补中益气汤治疗哮喘的作用机制。方法依托中药系统药理学数据库平台(Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform,TCMSP),筛选出加味补中益气汤的主要化学成分和...目的运用分子对接技术预测加味补中益气汤治疗哮喘的作用机制。方法依托中药系统药理学数据库平台(Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform,TCMSP),筛选出加味补中益气汤的主要化学成分和相应靶点,利用Cytoscape软件构建“药物-疾病-靶点”的网络关系,将药物主要成分及疾病的交集靶点导入STRING平台构建蛋白相互作用(Protein-protein interaction networks,PPI)网络,并利用AutoDock软件将加味补中益气汤的主要成分与哮喘的关键靶点进行分子对接。结果共筛选出加味补中益气汤有效成分338种,支气管哮喘相关靶点1744个,其中交集靶点120个。PPI网络分析加味补中益气汤主要作用于蛋白激酶Cα(Protein kinase C alpha,PRKCA)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶14(Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14,MAPK14)、V-Rel网状内皮增生病毒癌基因同源物A(V-Rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A,RELA)、V-Jun肉瘤病毒17癌基因同源物(V-Jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog,JUN)和B细胞中κ轻型多肽基因增强子的核因子15(Nuclear factor-k-gene binding15,NFKB15)个核心靶点。分子对接结果表明筛选得到的主要活性成分与靶点有较强的结合。结论加味补中益气汤治疗支气管哮喘或许具有积极作用,其作用机制可能与调节PRKCA、MAPK14、RELA、JUN和NFKB1等信号通路有关。展开更多
Using a modified C D function and stochastic frontier model, the paper analyzed China's cotton yield capacity and found that the yield and technical efficiency of China's cotton planting system can be increas...Using a modified C D function and stochastic frontier model, the paper analyzed China's cotton yield capacity and found that the yield and technical efficiency of China's cotton planting system can be increased by the use of genetically modified (GM) varieties.展开更多
基金a phase study of a key project of the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan of the Institute for the History of Natural Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences:“A Comparative Study of the Sino-Foreign History of Scientific and Technological Innovation:The Road to Scientific and Technological Self-Reliance and Self-Improvement”,E2291J01。
文摘The transfer of pressurized water reactor(PWR)technology from France to China is an important event in the history of Sino-French scientific and technological relations.China has gradually achieved self-reliance in the field of PWR technology through the introduction and subsequent absorption of France's 900 MW reactors.Compared with the process of introducing and absorbing similar technology from the United States by France,China's experience has been more complicated.This circumstance reflects the differences in the nuclear power technology systems between the two countries.France's industrial strength and early acquisition of nuclear power technology laid a solid foundation for mastering PWR technology.On the other hand,although China established a weak foundation through the implementation of the"728 Project,"and tried hard to negotiate with France,the substantive content of the technology transfer was very limited.By way of the policy transition from"unhooking of technology and trade"to"integration of technology and trade,"China ultimately accomplished the absorption and innovation of PWR technology through the Ling'ao NPP.
基金financially supported by the Tianjin Marine Science and Technology Project (KJXH2011-05)local colleges and universities in Shanghai liberal arts academic programme (B5201120003)
文摘The annual frequency of red tides from 1977 to 2012 and the monthly frequency of red tides from 2001 to 2012 in China seas were used to establish the time series of red tide annual frequency and monthly frequency, respectively. The annual frequency fit well with time segments revealed by piecewise linear regression analysis. The seasonal maximum of monthly frequency was in May （-18.22）, and the stochastic volatility tended to increase gradually with time series, with peak values occurring from May to July. Holt exponential smoothing and Holt-winter exponential smoothing were used to predict red tide annual and monthly frequencies, which revealed that the annual frequency of red tides would rise slowly by one time from 2013 to 2020, and that red tides would mainly occur from May to July in 2013-2016 with a peak value of about 25 times in May.
基金Project (50876116) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The residence-time distribution （RTD） and the compartment model were applied to characterizing the flow regions in red mud separation thickener’s feedwells. Combined with the experimental work, validated mathematical model as well as three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics （CFD） model was established to analyze the flow regions of feedwells on an industrial scale. The concept of RTD, although a well-known method for the characterization of mixing behavior in conventional mixers and reactors, is still a novel measure for the characterization of mixing in feedwells. Numerical simulation results show that the inlet feed rate and the aspect ratio of feedwells are the most critical parameters which affect the RTD of feedwell. Further simulation experiments were then carried out. Under the optimal operation conditions, the volume fraction of dead zone can reduce by10.8% and an increasement of mixing flow volume fraction by 6.5% is also observed. There is an optimum feed inlet rate depending on the feedwell design. The CFD model in conjunction with the RTD analysis then can be used as an effective tool in the design, evaluation and optimization of thickener feedwell in the red mud separation.
基金Supported by State Council Special Fund for Pollution Sources Survey (WPXC2007C200)~~
文摘Change trend of Chinese urban residents＇ per capita food-nitrogen annual consumption from 1981 to 2007 was analyzed and predicted by using ARIMA time-series model in order to reveal the change of urban food-nitrogen consumption during the China＇s urbanization process.Results showed that after 1980s,the annual consumption of Chinese urban residents＇ food-nitrogen had a change trend of ＂ increase-decrease-increase＂ and generally presented as a slight increasing trend;With the acceleration of rapid economic development and urbanization process,Chinese urban residents＇ food-nitrogen consumption will still keep a rising trend in future,and also has a large rising space.
文摘Remarkable achievements have been made in China＇s agricultural development since the late 1970s. Nevertheless, deep-rooted problems are arising from inefficient farming practices. From mid- and long-term perspectives, migration of China＇s agricultural labor will slow and large-scale operation of farmland will accelerate. Although grain supply and demand have maintained a tight balance, new potentials still exist in improving grain production. Under the pressures of resource and environmental constraints, advancing the green and efficient transition of agriculture will become a new trend in China＇s agricultural development. In this context, the treatment of agricultural pollution, supply-side structural reform and innovation of agricultural subsidy policy are of strategic significance to the transition and upgrade of China＇s agriculture.
文摘This paper examines the effect of supply-side structural reforms on China＇s potential economic growth rate in the coming decade according to the data the authors have gathered. Under the rapid growth scenario with the implementation of supply-side structural reforms, China＇s potential economic growth rate will reach an average of 6.5% and 5.8% respectively in the 13th Five-year Plan （2016-2020） and 14th Five-year Plan （2021-2025） periods. These rates are 0.2 and 0.3 percentage points higher, respectively, than that under the baseline scenario with the inertia of historic trends. In implementing supply-side structural reforms, China must transform governmental functions, break monopolies, create a comprehensive competitive market environment, foster the creation of pro-innovation mechanisms, refocus on quality and efficiency, and raise capital utilization and labor productivity.
文摘The Middle Jurassic palynomorphs from the Yan'an Formation in Dongsheng region of Nei Monggol, consist of 63 species of fossil spores and pollen grains belonging to 34 genera, of which two species were described as new. Based on statistical analysis of 3 863 specimens identified in 10 samples from Hantaichuan, Nianpanlianggou and Liugou sections, the sporo-pollen assemblage from the Yan'an Formation in Dongsheng region was established, which is generally characterized by the slight dominance of gymnospermous pollen grains (generally attaining proportion of 51%-54%), whereas the pteridophytic spores reach 46%-49% in abundance. In comparison with those of adjacent regions as well as Eurasia and North America, the present sporo-pollen assemblage is regarded to early Middle Jurassic (corresponding to Bajocian Stage) in geological age. According to the climatic conditions reflected by the palynoflora, the paleoclimate in Dongsheng region is suggested to be warm temperate or subtropical warm and humid during the early Middle Jurassic.
文摘Based on her own experience of many years＇ clinical practice, Prof. Zhang Anli summarized and created the method in which the shallow insertion at the upper eyelid, acupuncture at the Back-shu points and balanced selection of points together with the modified Setting Mountain on Fire and application of Fire Needle were applied for the treatment of stubborn cases of facial palsy. The therapeutic effect is good.
文摘Based on statistics, this paper reviews China＇s economic growth and industrial upgrade since the reform and opening up in 1978 and estimates the contribution of industrial restructuring to economic growth. With the years of schooling as the proxy variable of human capital, this paper describes changes in China＇s labor competence during the industrial restructuring process. Then, this paper estimates China＇s future human capital demand and shortage based on economic and demographic forecast. Lastly, this paper proposes recommendations for improving human capital in China with skills development and education.
文摘The World Trade Organization (WTO), an international organization to deal with the world free trade mechanism, allows for the optimal use of the world's resources in accordance with the objective of sustainable development and the protection of environment and trade. China, as a state member of WTO, is challenged by the WTO's agreements and the principles to guideline China sustainable forest development in the future. Forest resources in China will be protected as the basic sections of natural resources. The administrative function of Chinese government will be reformed by the condition of WTO's principles. So, the aim of China forest sustainable development is prior to deal with the relationship between the environment protection and development of economy. Under the condition of the WTO's principles and as a base on the international customary laws, the issues of China forest sustainable development focus on the China forest system reformation that applies for the China nature forest stratagem by the laws and protects the China environment for the sustainable development under the condition of science development, especially in the China forest protection and in dealing with the relationship among the environment and the economy development and others. Establishing the zoological forest industry is basic requirement by both the WTO's agreements and the WTO's principles, especially under the GATT 1947 Art XX, and other principles to protect the China forest sustainable development and to create the international environment for China forest. Keywords WTO's principles - China forest - Sustainable development CLC number S7-05 Document code B Biography: CAO Pei-zhong (1965-), male, Associate Professor of Shandong Agriculture of University. School of Laws and Literature. LLM of University of Canberra, one of ten lawyers with experience of almost ten years, sent by the Government in 2000, arbitrator and engineer. Chief of Shandong Agriculture University Laws Institution, publishing the papers abroad and in China medium At present, dealing with the project and rescarching on.international litigation, especially the WTO and EU law, is major the directionResponsible editor: Chai Ruihal
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (06JA790114)the General Research Project of Hunan Educational Bureau (09C110)
文摘With the international trade theories as the basis,this study started with researches on the reality of agricultural products that often experience anti-dumping,carried out a careful study on the construction of business strategic supporting-system to cope with the anti-dumping so as to promote the association governance and industrial warning mechanism and to provide new strategic thinking and theoretical support for the exporters to cope with anti-dumping.
文摘Aiming at harsh environment of cluster bombs center tube explosion dispersion and difficulties in installation of traditional test systems,a storage test system based on 16-bit ultra-low power microcontroller MSP430 is designed in order to acquire gas pressure during cluster bombs dispersion.To meet the requirement of low power consumption,the working states of system＇s modules during data acquisition are elaborated and the equation to calculate the gas pressure change during cylindrical center tube opening the hatch is deduced.The field test is conducted and good test results are obtained.
文摘目的运用分子对接技术预测加味补中益气汤治疗哮喘的作用机制。方法依托中药系统药理学数据库平台(Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform,TCMSP),筛选出加味补中益气汤的主要化学成分和相应靶点,利用Cytoscape软件构建“药物-疾病-靶点”的网络关系,将药物主要成分及疾病的交集靶点导入STRING平台构建蛋白相互作用(Protein-protein interaction networks,PPI)网络,并利用AutoDock软件将加味补中益气汤的主要成分与哮喘的关键靶点进行分子对接。结果共筛选出加味补中益气汤有效成分338种,支气管哮喘相关靶点1744个,其中交集靶点120个。PPI网络分析加味补中益气汤主要作用于蛋白激酶Cα(Protein kinase C alpha,PRKCA)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶14(Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14,MAPK14)、V-Rel网状内皮增生病毒癌基因同源物A(V-Rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A,RELA)、V-Jun肉瘤病毒17癌基因同源物(V-Jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog,JUN)和B细胞中κ轻型多肽基因增强子的核因子15(Nuclear factor-k-gene binding15,NFKB15)个核心靶点。分子对接结果表明筛选得到的主要活性成分与靶点有较强的结合。结论加味补中益气汤治疗支气管哮喘或许具有积极作用,其作用机制可能与调节PRKCA、MAPK14、RELA、JUN和NFKB1等信号通路有关。
文摘Using a modified C D function and stochastic frontier model, the paper analyzed China's cotton yield capacity and found that the yield and technical efficiency of China's cotton planting system can be increased by the use of genetically modified (GM) varieties.
