A brief review of Teacher Talk in EFL class

Teacher Talk （TT） is an important language input in EFL （English as a Foreign Language） class and the quality of TT is closely related with the proficiency of second language acquisition. In recent years, many scholars have carried out some theoretical and empirical studies on the various features of TT. Based on the papers published in some world key journals, this paper has made a comparison between Chinese scholars and western scholars on the research features of TT in terms of the three levels： research subject, research methodology and research content. The paper has also proposed some suggestions on how to improve Chinese English teacher＇s talk and the classroom teaching quality.

Using LSA and text segmentation to improve automatic Chinese dialogue text summarization

Automatic Chinese text summarization for dialogue style is a relatively new research area. In this paper, Latent Semantic Analysis （LSA） is first used to extract semantic knowledge from a given document, all question paragraphs are identified, an automatic text segmentation approach analogous to Text＇filing is exploited to improve the precision of correlating question paragraphs and answer paragraphs, and finally some ＂important＂ sentences are extracted from the generic content and the question-answer pairs to generate a complete summary. Experimental results showed that our approach is highly efficient and improves significantly the coherence of the summary while not compromising informativeness.

Quantum Dialogue Protocol Using a Class of Three-Photon W States

A theoretical protocol of quantum dialogue is proposed,which uses a class of three-photon W states asquantum channel.After two-step security check,four-bit secret message can be transmitted to each other by transmittingof single photon with the aid of two-bit classical information.

Quantum Dialogue by Using Non-Symmetric Quantum Channel

A protocol for quantum dialogue is proposed to exchange directly the communicator＇s secret messages by using a three-dimensional Bell state and a two-dimensional Bell state as quantum channel with quantum superdence coding, local collective unitary operations, and entanglement swapping. In this protocol, during the process of trans- mission of particles, the transmitted particles do not carry any secret messages and are transmitted only one time. The protocol has higher source capacity than protocols using symmetric two-dimensional states. The security is ensured by the unitary operations randomly performed on all checking groups before the particle sequence is transmitted and the application of entanglement swapping.

＂Some Things Must Be Left Unsaid!＂ On How Macherey Is Dialogically Engaged with Post-Marxism1

This paper aims to examine how Macherey is dialogically engaged with post-Marxism in formulating his reading strategy. First Macherey thinks that the author must have left something unsaid in his text. The unsaid or the narrative rupture is responsible for the multiplicity of the voices in the text, enabling the text to exist. Most of all, Macherey argues that a text, embedded in History, is where the author represents ideology inaccurately. And it is from this inaccuracy where the narrative rupture emerges. At this point, Macherey is dialogically correlated with several major post-Marxists, such as Althusser, Eagleton, and Jameson. First, all three of them give their own definitions to ideology, and they all define the relationship between the text, ideology, and History in a similar fashion. For Althusser, ideology is men＇s imaginary relation to History and is insufficiently reflected in the text, which perfectly corresponds to Macherey＇s claim. For Eagleton, a text absorbs ideology and puts it into contradiction, establishing its relationship with History. As Eagleton himself has stated, his so-called ＂ideological contradiction＂ is tantamount to Macherey＇s so-called ＂narrative rupture.＂ In Jameson＇s opinion, ideology is designed to repress social contradictions, and a text, a symbolic act, is supposed to offer imaginary solutions to them. Above all, they end up as the latent meanings of a text. As for History, it is the inaccessible Real. In speaking of ＂the latent meanings of a text,＂ Jameson literally echoes Machery＇s said/unsaid model. Thus, we can confirm how Macherey is dialogically engaged with post-Marxism.

Power consumption model of sector breathing based congestion control in mobile network

According to Cooper＇s law, the number of conversations per location doubles every two and a half years. Therefore, congestion control has become a promising research area. Nowadays small cell deployment has become a solution to deal with congestion. If large numbers of small cells are allocated for congestion control, then two critical issues will arise： densification and interference management. In such a scenario sector breathing can offer low power congestion control by avoiding densification problem. This paper proposes a power consumption model for sector breathing based congestion control in a mobile network. With sector breathing, a congested cell is sectored at an angle of 60° or 120°. The congested sectors are then identified. The lightly loaded neighbour cells of the congested sector are sectored at 60°. The sectors of the lightly loaded cell capture the border region customers of the adjacent congested sector by increasing the coverage area. When the transmitter antenna of the adjacent lightly loaded sector expands coverage to provide service to the subscribers residing at the border region of the congested sector, the transmitter antenna of the congested sector reduces its coverage area. The simulation results indicate that sector breathing reduces the power transmission of the BS antennas by approximately 6-75% and 62-75% compared cell breathing and dense femtocell allocation based congestion controls respectively. Simulation results also show that sector breathing reduces the power consumption of the BS antennas by approximately 6-64% and 8240% compared with the cell breathing and dense femtocell allocation based congestion controls, respectively. Hence sector breathing is a green congestion control approach.

Chinese spoken language understanding in SHTQS

Spoken dialogue systems are an active research field with wide applications. But the differences in the Chinese spoken dialogue system are not as distinct as that of English. In Chinese spoken dialogues, there are many language phenomena. Firstly, most utterances are ill-formed. Secondly, ellipsis, anaphora and negation are also widely used in Chinese spoken dialogue. Determining how to extract semantic information from incomplete sentences and resolve negation, anaphora and ellipsis is crucial. SHTQS (Shanghai Transportation Query System) is an intelligent telephone-based spoken dialogue system providing information about the best route between any two sites in Shanghai. After a brief description of the system, the natural language processing is emphasized. Speech recognition sentences unavoidably contain errors. In language sequence processing procedures, these errors can be easily passed to the later parts and take on a ripple effect. To detect and recover these from errors as early as possible, language-processing strategies are specially considered. For errors resulting from divided words in speech recognition, segmentation and POS Tagging approaches that can rectify these errors are designed. Since most of the inquiry utterances are ill-formed and negation, anaphora and ellipsis are common language phenomena, the language understanding must be adequately adaptive. So, a partial syntactic parsing scheme is adopted and a chart algorithm is used. The parser is based on unification grammar. The semantic frame that extracts from the best arc set of the chart is used to represent the meaning of sentences. The negation, anaphora and ellipsis are also analyzed and corresponding processing approaches are presented. The accuracy of the language processing part is 88.39% and the testing result shows that the language processing strategies are rational and effective.

Non-traditional Dialogues between Thoughts

The article considers a new and non-traditional form of dialogue. Calling it a ＂spiritual dialogue＂ or the intersection of thoughts, the author comments on this type of dialogue as a basis for interreligious, intercultural and intercivilizational dialogues, seeing it as their main motive force. In this study, firstly, traditional and non-traditional dialogues are compared and indicate their specific features on the basis of the work of the Eastern and the West thinkers. Then, the nontraditional dialogue has been considered in the context of modern information chaos. The last section of the article is devoted to the analysis of the basic principles of non-traditional dialogue, emphasizing the role of language. The conclusion of the article once again highlights the importance of non-traditional dialogue that starts in the inner world of the human being, which gives him a possibility to observe an object from two viewpoints and merge and these different views in the mind.

At the Origin of the Art of Money-Making （Conversation With Aristotle About Wealth and the Good Life）

This paper aims, first of all, to examine the two fundamental treatments of the complex and very broad notion of chrematistikd （money-making） and its links with the notion of oikonomia （economics）, outlining a fundamental division between natural and unnatural art of money-making. The two different arts of money-making are based on two very different psychological attitudes： in the first case, desire is channeled, managed, and organized by practical wisdom with a view to a further end; in the second case, desire is an end unto itself, insatiable, boundless and contrary to the commands of practical wisdom. Only in the first case there is a ＂true wealth＂, that is a wealth oriented toward a good life that constitutes the end （telos） and the limit （peras） of the wealth itself. The conclusion is that, for the Stagirite, wealth is not an evil, nor, in itself, is the pursuit of wealth, that is, the art of money-making, because if it is rightly organized and oriented in function of the end, it constitutes the conditio sine qua non of a life that is good, ordered and happy for the individual and for the city

Language Education in India： Dialoging English and Vernacular Languages and Literatures

Post independence the challenge before educators and policy-makers was to ensure that the diverse socio-cultural, linguistic and economic backgrounds of India＇s children are respected and represented in the school curriculum. The need for a comprehensive plan to devise a national system of education was therefore felt. The same mandate holds relevance in contemporary India as many languages are becoming endangered, while some have actually become extint despite claims of multilingualism and maintenance. The loss of a language is equivalent to the erasure of an entire culture itself. This is where schools can play a critical role in preservation and perpetuation by relating the home language to the school language of learners. The integration of one or more language can lead to progressive understanding and use of another language without losing the former. The result would be maintenance of languages in a complementary model. It is also important that in this scheme English is not contextualized in a western ambience, but is taught through a contextually rich local perspective because English is no longer a colonial language per se but a global language in a multilingual milieu. It must therefore find place among local and vernacular languages.

Meaning in the Holy Quran： A Text Analysis of the ＂Surah Livestock＂ （＂A1-An＇am＂） Within the Framework of Grice＇s Theory of Implicature

The Holy Quran （1982） is the Holy Book of the Moslems and the most understandable aspect of its eloquence. One of the most interesting aspects found in different languages is the use of implicatures or implied meaning. How and why such implicatures are generated and are discussed in pragmatics？ In this study, a list of conversations （direct and indirect） from ＂Surah Livestock＂ （＂A1-An＇am＂）, the sixth Chapter of the Holy Quran, and the implicatures implied in the conversations are analyzed through a pragmatic theory： CP （Cooperative Principle）. The present study shows that in most cases, the non-observance of Grice＇s （1975） maxims is found in the maxim of Quantity and the least in Manner. Grice＇s CP and its contributory maxims have not been observed in the ＂Surah Livestock＂ in this study. All maxims of Grice have been flouted in This Surah （1982） and there is no difference among Gricean maxims as far as flouting in the Surah is concerned.

The Philosophy of a Dialogue and the Process of Understanding the Identities and Alterities

The main subject of the research is in close connection with the contemporary theories of subject and cultural identity. It represents the point of view of the problems of globalization and boundaries from the perspective of the present historical position. It interprets contemporary reflections of the cultural, especially literary boundaries. The research is also a kind of analyze which is in connection with the decentralization of the identity through the images of the others. The main subject of the interpretation is the problems of the others as a measure of our personality, our past, and our future. Who we were and who we are now？ In this research, narrativity is understood as a constitutive impulse of many different spheres such as narrative literature and film, and as an influential element of the religious and philosophical texts. The main goal of the study is to present the deployment of the senses that are conducted to our origin. It means investigation of our understanding of where we come from and how can we find ourselves in the contemporary culture, first of all, how can we constitute the identity if we use the meanings that come from the past and make our identification in the present.

The Grammars of Mystical Experience in Christian Theological Dialogue

The philosophical horizon of this essay is theoretically comparative and hermeneutically dialogic. Its main philosophical and theological tonality expresses, in first person and through three discursive moments, the differentiated fusion of horizons between phenomenological and grammatical description and understanding of experience. After a philosophical overture-outlining the ethos of the dialogic problematic and situating it within the contemporary diverse and dialogic dynamic of phenomenology-I will expose the consistent, possible modalities of convergence between Husserlian phenomenology and Wittgensteinian grammar of the mystical shapes of experience. The tense, responsorial dialogue among Husserl, Heidegger, Levinas, and Wittgenstein＇s styles of thinking, far from being anymore limited to the debates between the analytical and phenomenological, will be considered from the crossed categorial spaces of Austrian philosophy and German culture in general. In a second section, I will show how the styles of phenomenology today are advancing into a cautious micro-logical grammar of comparative inquiry. This thematization will first consider some precise semantic clarifications： Experience, the mystical, extasis, evidence, and truth; in a second section, the theoretical levels of grammar and phenomenology of mystical experience are heralded in the context of the Christian theological dialogue, where I emphasize the rebirth of French theological thinking and dialogic transcendence, beginning with Maritain and de Chardin to Marcel, de Lubac, Levinas, and Marion. Finally, I consider the aesthetic expressions of mystical experience, both from the visual and musical dimensions. I will conclude this talk by highlighting theological perspectives drawn from my research in musico-philosophical problematics, through an awakening to the resonance of Being and the Divine in sonic and musical life. Through a theology of the musical λογοζ, the grammar of mystical experience reveals the sacramentality of music and the mystery of silence

Three Hypotheses on the Performance of Plato＇s Dialogues

This article examines some ideas on reading Plato by three scholars, dating from different decades of the 20th century and setting off from various theoretical starting points, who explored an alternative possibility by suggesting theories that incorporate the element of＂dramatic＂ performance. According to Auguste Diès the written dialogue is a literary version of a dialectical duel actually held in the Academy between a distinguished visitor and a selected group of students. Through the so-called process of＂transposition＂, Plato transforms a real life event into an artful piece of literature recreating the original scene for educational purposes. Gilbert Ryle, on the other hand, held that the dialogues were primarily intended for dramatic recitation in public, with Plato himself delivering the words of Socrates. They were delivered orally to audiences, as a rule in the context of literary competitions, in which the other Socratics also took part. Finally, Holger Thesleff has once suggested that the （re）performance of the dialogues as an established activity in the Academy constitutes a necessary stage in the composition of new works and the revision of the old ones. In view of his conviction that Plato was the inventor of the dramatic philosophical dialogue he also seemed to have been the first one who explicitly, however cautiously, entertained the idea of theatrical presentation of Plato＇s dialogues-though he later changed his mind and fallen back to the theory of public reading.

The Conversational Implicature in Sense and Sensibility -A CP Perspective

Sense and Sensibility is Jane Austen’s debut which uses Elinor’s and Marianne’s marriage life as the main line, describing exquisitely and vividly the protagonists’ love and marriage. Since the dialogue is one of the basic ways to shape characters in literary works, the analysis of dialogues, especially that of those contradictory dialogues helps better analyze the novel itself. This paper analyzes different conversational implicatures in the typical dialogues in Sense and Sensibility, in order to help us to understand character differences, and to further understand the novel’ s theme. Through the analysis, this paper finds that there exist many indirect expressions in the dialogues in Sense and Sensibility, which reflect that characters violate the four maxims of Cooperative Principle in order to implicitly express their true thoughts and avoid such unpleasant communicational effects as embarrassment and conflict.

Conversational Documentarianism in Instagram： Multidimensional Interface and Interactivity

What are the articulative semiotic characteristics of the Instagram interface, and how do they contribute to the construction of documentary, conversational photographic discourses with social purposes？ This is a semiotic analysis of the Instagram interface as an interactive and conversational platform in creating new photographic documentary strategies for social purposes, to which we have applied the model of textual conversation as outlined by Bettetini （1984） and the concept of multidimensional interactivity proposed by Sally McMillan （2006）. We shall analyse the work of Pachi Tamer （@cachafaz） in Instagram,and in particular the ＂Jim-Oktoberfest＂ case, the One-Dollar-Dreams site and the same author＇s ＂Sebasti^in＂ case from a semiotic perspective.

Bakhtin＇s Ideas About Dialogue as a Research Method： An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Literature

Russian language and literature theorist Mikhail Bakhtin （1895-1975） is an expert of carnivalized literature. In Rabelais and His Worm （1984） and Problems of Dostoevsky＇s Poetics （1987）, Bakhtin has shown how Rabelais＇ and Dostoevsky＇s vision of the world is turned to the artistic way of seeing. The author of this paper has studied a novel and its connection to a writer＇s world view by using the theory of Bakhtin. The purpose of this paper is to show how the author has used Bakhtin＇s ideas and perspectives in her study. The subject of the author＇s doctoral dissertation is Finnish author Algot Untola （1868-1918）, who published whole his ambiguous production by using pen names. Main research data are Untola＇s early works which include novels and newspaper articles that are written in the years 1906-1909. The research problem has been whether Untola＇s first novel Harhama （1909） carnivalized literature or not. The study has revealed that Untola＇s carnivalesque writings opposed the Finnish nationalist official culture. In previous study it has not been seen, because has not been taken into account his world view and its close relationship with the folk＇s unofficial laughing culture.

Intercultural Dialogue in the Teaching of Pope Benedict XVI

This paper is devoted to intercultural dialogue from the point of view of Pope Benedict XVI （pontificate between 2005 and 2013）. It presents pontifical documents, statements, and speeches dedicated to this issue as well as the conclusions resulting from them. The aim of the paper is to prove that intercultural dialogue and interreligious dialogue are within the context of a new scientific discipline--political science of religion--which deals with the issues of relations between the sphere of religion and the sphere of politics. Intercultural dialogue is tightly connected to interreligious dialogue. Interreligious and intercultural dialogue allows to create the world based on brotherhood and reconciliation. They are the foundation of the future, an effective tool to build a civilization of love and they are born out of God＇s mercy.

On improving students＇ communicative competence by group interaction

In foreign language teaching, the communicative approach has been a dominant method for decades. However, some misconceptions of the communicative approach affect the results of group interaction teaching. This article tries to explore some existing problems as well as some relevant solution in the application of group activities in colleges with the aid of observation, questionnaire and interview.