跨文化翻译中的“异化”

翻译是一种跨文化的交流活动 ,随着各国、各民族之间往来的日益频繁 ,迫切需要相互理解、相互学习。不同语言间的差异不仅表现在语音、词汇和句法等形式上 ,更表现在其文化特色上。“归化”与“异化”是缓和源语文化和译语文化在翻译过程中矛盾冲突的主要方法 ,长期以来“归化”译文出现频率往往较高 ,然而在当今文化全球化的时代背景下 ,适度增加“异化”翻译的运用对本土文化的传播和外来文化的接受不无裨益。

On effective strategies in cultural translation

Translation as a specific linguistic activity is not only a pure language information transference but also a cultural transformation. The limitation in equivalence of the translation between the source and target languages is almost caused by the discrepancies between two cultures, and how to convey the cultural meaning and realize intercultural communication is the crucial problem. Domestication and foreignization as two effective strategies in handling cultural discrepancies are discussed in this essay.

On the naturalization of lexical choices in Sino-English translator training

Through analyzing the difference between British lexis and Americanism and the translation teaching status quo related with lexical choices, the author elaborates on translator competence training in the lexical choice of Sino-English translation, and who puts forwards several suggestions on how to facilitate the effective communication between the business persons through naturalizing the lexical choices in Sino-English translation.

Domestication and Foreignization from Perspective of Schema Theory --Culture： an Indispensible Element in Translation

Observing the effects brought by the universal and individual features of the schema inbred in the different languages and cultures, the author touches on the domesticating and foreignizing methods in the process of translation in cultural background from the perspective of schema theory.

Analysis and Translation Strategies on Cultural Differences Between Chinese and Western

Language and culture are interactive and interdependent. Translation is not only the transfer between two languages, but also between two cultures. Therefore, cultural difference plays a significant role in translation. In the past decades, translation study has shifted from the purely linguistic level to cultural perspective, and study on cultural differences has brought a new world for the sake of translation studies. This paper tries to illustrate the connection between language and culture, the correlation between culture and translation, analyze the main aspects of cultural differences between Chinese and Western, and sum up translation strategies of domestication and foreignization as well as specific translation methods on the consideration of cultural differences. Finally, the paper proposes that translators should pay attention to cultural differences and adjust target text in accordance with cultural differences

Cultural gaps between English and Chinese and untranslatability

The goal theory of translation believes that translation is inevitably affected by translating-in and translating-out culture because it considers that translation belongs to the category of the study of human behavior. Moreover, communication of human beings is limited by linguistic environment, which is rooted in cultural habit. From this we can see that different linguistic environment determines the withdrawing of the meaning in word translation and also the judgment and understanding of translators toward different cultures. This thesis will explore the effects of numerous factors on word translation in cultural environment and the corresponding translation methods. Moreover, the translators also should understand correctly the cultural meanings of the words included and adopt corresponding methods.

On Translating English Animal Proverb into Chinese from Cultural Perspective--Taking the proverb about dog as an example

Proverb, the essence of language, is a fixed phrase or short sentence that is circulated among the masses. With the increasingly close exchange between China and western countries, translation between English and Chinese, especially proverb translation, is the most important task of translators. ＂English animal proverb is a wonderful work of numerous and various English proverbs, and it is rich in unique charms of language arts.＂ Correctly translating English animal proverb can play an important role in proverb translation A large number of English animal proverbs use ＂dog＂ as a metaphor, and there is an obvious discrepancy of dog culture between China and western countries. In the light of it, taking the proverb about ＂dog＂ as an example, this thesis introduces the dog culture of China and western countries respectively and their discrepancies. Based on this, the thesis has a deep discussion on several methods of translating English proverb into Chinese and the attentions that should be paid in the process of translating. All these aim to make readers have a better understanding of Chinese and western proverbs and shorten the distance caused by cultural difference to more flexibly master and use both English and Chinese languages

On Beijing Dialect Translation from the Perspective of Domestication and Foreignization --A Case Study of Shi Xiaojing＇ s English Version of Luotuo Xiangzi

In Lao She＇s works, the use of the Beijing dialect has a strong local characteristic, and readers can fully appreciate the essence of old Beijing＇ s flavor. His famous work Luotuo Xiangzi has embodied the characteristics of Beijing, that is why it is popular among both the public and mmslators. Threrfore, it is significant to study the English translation of Luotuo Xiangzi. Shi Xiaojing has the background of living abroad, and she has also been influenced by Chinese culture. So, her translation ofLuotuo Xiangzi is worth analyzing. This paper will analyze some examples of Beijing dialect in Shi Xiaojing＇s English Version of Luotuo Xiangzi by using the theory of domestication and foreignization to make a summary and to identify deficiencies.

Protein prenylation and human diseases: a balance of protein farnesylation and geranylgeranylation

The protein prenylation is one of the essential post-translational protein modifications, which extensively exists in the eukaryocyte. It includes protein farnesylation and geranylgeranylation, using farnesyl pyrophosphate(FPP) or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate(GGPP) as the substrate, respectively. The prenylation occurs by covalent addition of these two types of isoprenoids to cysteine residues at or near the carboxyl terminus of the proteins that possess Caa X motif, such as Ras small GTPase family. The attachment of hydrophobic prenyl groups can anchor the proteins to intracellular membranes and trigger downstream cell signaling pathway. Geranylgeranyl biphosphate synthase(GGPPS) catalyzes the synthesis of 20-carbon GGPP from 15-carbon FPP. The abnormal expression of this enzyme will affect the relative content of FPP and GGPP, and thus disrupts the balance between protein farnesylation and geranylgeranylation, which participates into various aspects of cellular physiology and pathology. In this paper, we mainly review the property of this important protein post-translational modification and research progress in its regulation of cigarette smoke induced pulmonary disease, adipocyte insulin sensitivity, the inflammation response of Sertoli cells, the hepatic lipogenesis and the cardiac hypertrophy.