Public companies issue periodic annual reports to give information about the past financial and operational results while presenting the future strategies. Companies release non-financial information concerned with co...Public companies issue periodic annual reports to give information about the past financial and operational results while presenting the future strategies. Companies release non-financial information concerned with corporate sustainability issues like market share, customer loyalty, supply chain management, corporate governance, and human resources in annual reports as well as the audited financial reports. Annual reports, one of the important instruments of transparency and disclosure, are widely used by shareholders and stakeholders. Recent laws and regulations in the US, European Union, and Turkey require enhanced disclosures in annual reports. In the first part of this study, a comparative regulatory framework for annual reports will be established under the Sarbanes Oxley Act （SOX）, the Securities and Exchange Commission （SEC） filing requirements, the New Turkish Commercial Code, and regulations of Capital Markets Board （CMB） of Turkey. In the second part of this study, annual reports of four sample companies listed in the New York Stock Exchange （NYSE） and Corporate Governance Index of Borsa Istanbul will be discussed in the light of disclosure requirements of Form 20-F. Findings of this study support the hypothesis which states that regulatory environment has a positive impact on the quantity and quality of disclosures. Attention is drawn to the need for global standardization to reduce the reporting variances and the need for independent audit of annual reports to increase the reliability.展开更多
Customer loyalty of B2C e-commerce is studied by testing the hypotheses on five latent variables using the structural equation modeling method. After correcting model, online store image is obviously fundamental basis...Customer loyalty of B2C e-commerce is studied by testing the hypotheses on five latent variables using the structural equation modeling method. After correcting model, online store image is obviously fundamental basis on expectations of shopping online, experience of shopping online, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty between which there are seven positive relationships accepted in the AMOS model. The results provide scientific evidence for B2C e-commerce.展开更多
With eight typical examples, this paper discusses the erroneous translation in the Chinese version of The Da Vinci code, points out the possible reasons and suggests the importance of faithfulness and that of sense of...With eight typical examples, this paper discusses the erroneous translation in the Chinese version of The Da Vinci code, points out the possible reasons and suggests the importance of faithfulness and that of sense of responsibility.展开更多
The films Catch-22 （1970） and The English Patient （1996） are based on literary novels, and set in the specific time and place of World War II Italy. Each work uses the topic of the war to raise the issues of ident...The films Catch-22 （1970） and The English Patient （1996） are based on literary novels, and set in the specific time and place of World War II Italy. Each work uses the topic of the war to raise the issues of identity and loyalty that loom large during wartime, when nations place huge demands on their people. Both works explore these issues as relevant to their own time. In the 1960s, Catch-22 elevates loyalty to self as a value and challenges the dehumanizing conformity demanded by the bureaucratic states of the postwar world. Twenty-six years later, The English Patient honors loyalty to people rather than to nations. Both movies end in hope, with Yossarian＇s escape in Catch-22, and the end to the European war in The English Patient. This paper argues that Michael Ondaatje＇s novel, The English Patient, goes beyond the issues of identity and loyalty and the hopeful Hollywood ending as seen in the movies. By giving Kip＇s and Hana＇s points of view, which were not shown in the film--the view of a brown man in a world controlled by whites and of a woman who understands the horrors of the atomic bomb--Ondaatje offers the possibilities of a new sense of identity and loyalty, one more in tune with issues of a post-colonial 21 st century world展开更多
John Herbinius （1633-1679） was a well-known Lutheran theologian and writer. Living long time on the territory of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth （in contemporary Vilnus）, he wrote a description of the Kyiv religiou...John Herbinius （1633-1679） was a well-known Lutheran theologian and writer. Living long time on the territory of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth （in contemporary Vilnus）, he wrote a description of the Kyiv religious caves, which was published in 1675 in Jena. The purpose of this research is to contribute to the further understanding and interpretation of the church history and inter-confessional relations on the territory on the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the middle of the 17th century, and its later influence on historical and cultural development. Herbinius, being deeply connected with the West-European Protestant world, and at the same time, living in multi-cultural and multi-religious Vilnius, tried to maneuver between the religious tolerance and confessional loyalty, the adherence to the ideas of German reformation and a personal friendship with the Orthodox clergy. The methodology of this work includes historical, inter-confessional, heuristic, biographical, reader-orientated, and linguistic approaches, textual, contextual, and comparative analysis. This article has shown that the Protestant author percepted and treated the Orthodox Church in a very positive way： Church customs, canonical law, and discipline, clergy, and even monasticism did not provoke any criticism from his side. However, on the questions of iconolatry and confessional exclusivism of the Orthodox Church Herbinius could not refrain from criticism. They evidently contradicted his views on real Christian piety and religious tolerance.展开更多
Advancements in the internet technology triggered a line of developments in the field of marketing. As an alternative to the conventional shopping, online shopping over the internet has gained substantial share of ret...Advancements in the internet technology triggered a line of developments in the field of marketing. As an alternative to the conventional shopping, online shopping over the internet has gained substantial share of retail market. Customers get used to this new shopping venue and nowadays prefer it more and more according to the researchers, ten percent of the global population now uses internet for shopping. In this research, the author explored the relationship between the security measures implemented by a company, very active in the online shopping domain, and the customer trust and loyalty on the online services provided by this company. Findings of this research are based on survey data analyzed in SPSS. This research supports the existence of a relationship between the security of a company＇s website and customer trust and loyalty on the online services of this company When the perception of security measures improves, customer trust and loyalty increases accordingly展开更多
The White Tiger is Aravind Adiga＇s first novel just like Son of the Native Soil which is Shadrach Ambanasom＇s first oeuvre. The two novels address two major social concerns （the caste system and tribal loyalty） th...The White Tiger is Aravind Adiga＇s first novel just like Son of the Native Soil which is Shadrach Ambanasom＇s first oeuvre. The two novels address two major social concerns （the caste system and tribal loyalty） that impair national cohesion in India and Cameroon respectively. Briefly speaking, the caste refers to the classification of peoples in India （and other South Asian countries） into in-marrying hereditary social classes of the privileged and the underprivileged while tribal loyalty refers to selfish attachment to a tribe or clan to the detriment of community or national feeling. The two concepts are related in the sense that the word ＂caste＂ derives from the Spanish or Portuguese ＂casta＂ meaning race, lineage, breed or clan. In both cases therefore, the issues of sectionalism, division, discrimination, selfishness, marginalization, and hegemony （amongst others） are at play--issues that impede the notion of nationhood. Read principally from the Marxist perspective of power dynamics and class struggle, the paper argues that Adiga and Ambanasom through skillful manipulation of symbols, time, characters and events, try to imagine the deconstruction of caste and ethnic loyalty in India and Cameroon respectively, which to the two authors, are only historically and socially erected edifices rather than natural order. For the two authors, although global forces may seem to play in favor of a more equitable human society, a necessarily violent revolution might be required to dismantle a blighted body politico-modus operandi that has operated in the people＇s psyche for a long time, as characters and events in the two novels reveal.展开更多
Translation for language teaching is different from general translation which is characterized with Faithfulness, Expressiveness, and Elegance. The differences lie in vocabulary, structure, and discourse. The extreme ...Translation for language teaching is different from general translation which is characterized with Faithfulness, Expressiveness, and Elegance. The differences lie in vocabulary, structure, and discourse. The extreme emphasis of translation skills will make it hard to learn certain language elements for the English learners. The paper makes an analysis on the three levels of translation for language teaching from the perspective of Skopos Theory, aiming at drawing attention from the translation teachers to care more about students＇ demands of learning language elements through translation.展开更多
With the translation studies leaning to target-language, the translator＇s subjectivity has been paid more and more attention by translation scholars. It is noticed gradually that translation is actually a dynamic and...With the translation studies leaning to target-language, the translator＇s subjectivity has been paid more and more attention by translation scholars. It is noticed gradually that translation is actually a dynamic and complex process, during which the translator, acting as a reader of the source text and also a writer of the target text, will unavoidably add something subjective in his or her translation. Since literary translation is interwoven with more cultural and social elements, the translator has to make a choice between loyalty and violation, getting freedom and being restricted when he or she confronts with all the clashes and conflicts between the source language culture and the target language culture.展开更多
In this article the crucial role of the Lutheran Church in Sweden in neighboring Lutheran Danish enemies in the province of Scania into the pseudo-indigenization process of making loyal Swedish citizen after the peace...In this article the crucial role of the Lutheran Church in Sweden in neighboring Lutheran Danish enemies in the province of Scania into the pseudo-indigenization process of making loyal Swedish citizen after the peace treaty of Roskilde 1658, and more pronounced after 1678, is described and discussed. The process included educational, pedagogical, judicial, liturgical and theological-rhetorical means and had significant, invaluable, and long lasting consequences. The province remains as a part of the Kingdom of Sweden. From a historical perspective, the process was fast and successful, even though some modem historians question the speediness of the process and thereby want to modify the picture of a fast and non-problematic Swedification or pseudo-indigenization process.展开更多
. In this paper, the main driving factors affecting the customer loyalty of a third party mobile payment service were chosen by combining with the actual situation of the third party mobile payment service and custome.... In this paper, the main driving factors affecting the customer loyalty of a third party mobile payment service were chosen by combining with the actual situation of the third party mobile payment service and customer spending habits in China. The assumed relations between all affecting factors and the customer loyalty of a third party mobile payment platform were proposed, and a model for studying customer loyalty was established and also a conclusion was made through the questionnaire survey analysis data. Finally, suggestions on improving the loyalty of the customers of a third party mobile payment platform are presented.展开更多
One of the most valuable assets a company has is/are the brand name（s） associated its products or services Branding can act as a springboard for advertising and planning advertising campaigns around single brands or...One of the most valuable assets a company has is/are the brand name（s） associated its products or services Branding can act as a springboard for advertising and planning advertising campaigns around single brands or a family of brands. Many companies are organized around brands or brand groups. Companies like Proctor and Gamble allow the brand to represent the product and do not associate the corporate name with their various brands and product lines. Branding is a powerful business tool. A number of dimensions of branding are discussed in this paper. General reference is made to brand identity, brand identity traps, the value of brands, and brand loyalty. The paper then discusses the influence of brand loyalty on consumer behavior, the importance of global brands, and country of origin effects. Lastly the paper discusses elements of customer loyalty展开更多
This paper aims to explore the relationship between perceived satisfaction and loyalty of Spanish arts participants. Evidence suggests that customer satisfaction plays a key role in an organization＇s ability to maint...This paper aims to explore the relationship between perceived satisfaction and loyalty of Spanish arts participants. Evidence suggests that customer satisfaction plays a key role in an organization＇s ability to maintain a relationship with its customers. We examined the link between satisfaction and loyalty within a theoretical framework based on an empirical study in which data from more than 14,000 respondents were obtained. This data allowed us to evaluate the arts consumer from an attitudinal and behavioral perspective looking at their interests, satisfaction level, frequency of attendance, and compare it using the participant＇s education level. A descriptive statistical analysis using ANOVA （analysis of variance）, correlation, partial correlation, and multiple regression provided evidence that, in the context of experiencing an arts show, satisfaction does not have any impact on loyalty but education level plays a significant role in people＇s interest and loyalty.展开更多
文摘Public companies issue periodic annual reports to give information about the past financial and operational results while presenting the future strategies. Companies release non-financial information concerned with corporate sustainability issues like market share, customer loyalty, supply chain management, corporate governance, and human resources in annual reports as well as the audited financial reports. Annual reports, one of the important instruments of transparency and disclosure, are widely used by shareholders and stakeholders. Recent laws and regulations in the US, European Union, and Turkey require enhanced disclosures in annual reports. In the first part of this study, a comparative regulatory framework for annual reports will be established under the Sarbanes Oxley Act （SOX）, the Securities and Exchange Commission （SEC） filing requirements, the New Turkish Commercial Code, and regulations of Capital Markets Board （CMB） of Turkey. In the second part of this study, annual reports of four sample companies listed in the New York Stock Exchange （NYSE） and Corporate Governance Index of Borsa Istanbul will be discussed in the light of disclosure requirements of Form 20-F. Findings of this study support the hypothesis which states that regulatory environment has a positive impact on the quantity and quality of disclosures. Attention is drawn to the need for global standardization to reduce the reporting variances and the need for independent audit of annual reports to increase the reliability.
文摘Customer loyalty of B2C e-commerce is studied by testing the hypotheses on five latent variables using the structural equation modeling method. After correcting model, online store image is obviously fundamental basis on expectations of shopping online, experience of shopping online, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty between which there are seven positive relationships accepted in the AMOS model. The results provide scientific evidence for B2C e-commerce.
文摘With eight typical examples, this paper discusses the erroneous translation in the Chinese version of The Da Vinci code, points out the possible reasons and suggests the importance of faithfulness and that of sense of responsibility.
文摘The films Catch-22 （1970） and The English Patient （1996） are based on literary novels, and set in the specific time and place of World War II Italy. Each work uses the topic of the war to raise the issues of identity and loyalty that loom large during wartime, when nations place huge demands on their people. Both works explore these issues as relevant to their own time. In the 1960s, Catch-22 elevates loyalty to self as a value and challenges the dehumanizing conformity demanded by the bureaucratic states of the postwar world. Twenty-six years later, The English Patient honors loyalty to people rather than to nations. Both movies end in hope, with Yossarian＇s escape in Catch-22, and the end to the European war in The English Patient. This paper argues that Michael Ondaatje＇s novel, The English Patient, goes beyond the issues of identity and loyalty and the hopeful Hollywood ending as seen in the movies. By giving Kip＇s and Hana＇s points of view, which were not shown in the film--the view of a brown man in a world controlled by whites and of a woman who understands the horrors of the atomic bomb--Ondaatje offers the possibilities of a new sense of identity and loyalty, one more in tune with issues of a post-colonial 21 st century world
文摘John Herbinius （1633-1679） was a well-known Lutheran theologian and writer. Living long time on the territory of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth （in contemporary Vilnus）, he wrote a description of the Kyiv religious caves, which was published in 1675 in Jena. The purpose of this research is to contribute to the further understanding and interpretation of the church history and inter-confessional relations on the territory on the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the middle of the 17th century, and its later influence on historical and cultural development. Herbinius, being deeply connected with the West-European Protestant world, and at the same time, living in multi-cultural and multi-religious Vilnius, tried to maneuver between the religious tolerance and confessional loyalty, the adherence to the ideas of German reformation and a personal friendship with the Orthodox clergy. The methodology of this work includes historical, inter-confessional, heuristic, biographical, reader-orientated, and linguistic approaches, textual, contextual, and comparative analysis. This article has shown that the Protestant author percepted and treated the Orthodox Church in a very positive way： Church customs, canonical law, and discipline, clergy, and even monasticism did not provoke any criticism from his side. However, on the questions of iconolatry and confessional exclusivism of the Orthodox Church Herbinius could not refrain from criticism. They evidently contradicted his views on real Christian piety and religious tolerance.
文摘Advancements in the internet technology triggered a line of developments in the field of marketing. As an alternative to the conventional shopping, online shopping over the internet has gained substantial share of retail market. Customers get used to this new shopping venue and nowadays prefer it more and more according to the researchers, ten percent of the global population now uses internet for shopping. In this research, the author explored the relationship between the security measures implemented by a company, very active in the online shopping domain, and the customer trust and loyalty on the online services provided by this company. Findings of this research are based on survey data analyzed in SPSS. This research supports the existence of a relationship between the security of a company＇s website and customer trust and loyalty on the online services of this company When the perception of security measures improves, customer trust and loyalty increases accordingly
文摘The White Tiger is Aravind Adiga＇s first novel just like Son of the Native Soil which is Shadrach Ambanasom＇s first oeuvre. The two novels address two major social concerns （the caste system and tribal loyalty） that impair national cohesion in India and Cameroon respectively. Briefly speaking, the caste refers to the classification of peoples in India （and other South Asian countries） into in-marrying hereditary social classes of the privileged and the underprivileged while tribal loyalty refers to selfish attachment to a tribe or clan to the detriment of community or national feeling. The two concepts are related in the sense that the word ＂caste＂ derives from the Spanish or Portuguese ＂casta＂ meaning race, lineage, breed or clan. In both cases therefore, the issues of sectionalism, division, discrimination, selfishness, marginalization, and hegemony （amongst others） are at play--issues that impede the notion of nationhood. Read principally from the Marxist perspective of power dynamics and class struggle, the paper argues that Adiga and Ambanasom through skillful manipulation of symbols, time, characters and events, try to imagine the deconstruction of caste and ethnic loyalty in India and Cameroon respectively, which to the two authors, are only historically and socially erected edifices rather than natural order. For the two authors, although global forces may seem to play in favor of a more equitable human society, a necessarily violent revolution might be required to dismantle a blighted body politico-modus operandi that has operated in the people＇s psyche for a long time, as characters and events in the two novels reveal.
文摘Translation for language teaching is different from general translation which is characterized with Faithfulness, Expressiveness, and Elegance. The differences lie in vocabulary, structure, and discourse. The extreme emphasis of translation skills will make it hard to learn certain language elements for the English learners. The paper makes an analysis on the three levels of translation for language teaching from the perspective of Skopos Theory, aiming at drawing attention from the translation teachers to care more about students＇ demands of learning language elements through translation.
文摘With the translation studies leaning to target-language, the translator＇s subjectivity has been paid more and more attention by translation scholars. It is noticed gradually that translation is actually a dynamic and complex process, during which the translator, acting as a reader of the source text and also a writer of the target text, will unavoidably add something subjective in his or her translation. Since literary translation is interwoven with more cultural and social elements, the translator has to make a choice between loyalty and violation, getting freedom and being restricted when he or she confronts with all the clashes and conflicts between the source language culture and the target language culture.
文摘In this article the crucial role of the Lutheran Church in Sweden in neighboring Lutheran Danish enemies in the province of Scania into the pseudo-indigenization process of making loyal Swedish citizen after the peace treaty of Roskilde 1658, and more pronounced after 1678, is described and discussed. The process included educational, pedagogical, judicial, liturgical and theological-rhetorical means and had significant, invaluable, and long lasting consequences. The province remains as a part of the Kingdom of Sweden. From a historical perspective, the process was fast and successful, even though some modem historians question the speediness of the process and thereby want to modify the picture of a fast and non-problematic Swedification or pseudo-indigenization process.
文摘. In this paper, the main driving factors affecting the customer loyalty of a third party mobile payment service were chosen by combining with the actual situation of the third party mobile payment service and customer spending habits in China. The assumed relations between all affecting factors and the customer loyalty of a third party mobile payment platform were proposed, and a model for studying customer loyalty was established and also a conclusion was made through the questionnaire survey analysis data. Finally, suggestions on improving the loyalty of the customers of a third party mobile payment platform are presented.
文摘One of the most valuable assets a company has is/are the brand name（s） associated its products or services Branding can act as a springboard for advertising and planning advertising campaigns around single brands or a family of brands. Many companies are organized around brands or brand groups. Companies like Proctor and Gamble allow the brand to represent the product and do not associate the corporate name with their various brands and product lines. Branding is a powerful business tool. A number of dimensions of branding are discussed in this paper. General reference is made to brand identity, brand identity traps, the value of brands, and brand loyalty. The paper then discusses the influence of brand loyalty on consumer behavior, the importance of global brands, and country of origin effects. Lastly the paper discusses elements of customer loyalty
文摘This paper aims to explore the relationship between perceived satisfaction and loyalty of Spanish arts participants. Evidence suggests that customer satisfaction plays a key role in an organization＇s ability to maintain a relationship with its customers. We examined the link between satisfaction and loyalty within a theoretical framework based on an empirical study in which data from more than 14,000 respondents were obtained. This data allowed us to evaluate the arts consumer from an attitudinal and behavioral perspective looking at their interests, satisfaction level, frequency of attendance, and compare it using the participant＇s education level. A descriptive statistical analysis using ANOVA （analysis of variance）, correlation, partial correlation, and multiple regression provided evidence that, in the context of experiencing an arts show, satisfaction does not have any impact on loyalty but education level plays a significant role in people＇s interest and loyalty.
