中古汉语中的“快”及与其相关的词语

中古汉语中,“快”产生了一个新的义位,即“佳”,“好”义。对此,历来的大型辞书未能专门揭示,甚至有误解误释者。 本文举例说明“快”的这一意义的使用情况及作为词素的组合情况,并探寻了这一义位的来源。

Research on fast detection method of infrared small targets under resourceconstrained conditions

Infrared small target detection is a common task in infrared image processing.Under limited computa⁃tional resources.Traditional methods for infrared small target detection face a trade-off between the detection rate and the accuracy.A fast infrared small target detection method tailored for resource-constrained conditions is pro⁃posed for the YOLOv5s model.This method introduces an additional small target detection head and replaces the original Intersection over Union(IoU)metric with Normalized Wasserstein Distance(NWD),while considering both the detection accuracy and the detection speed of infrared small targets.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves a maximum effective detection speed of 95 FPS on a 15 W TPU,while reach⁃ing a maximum effective detection accuracy of 91.9 AP@0.5,effectively improving the efficiency of infrared small target detection under resource-constrained conditions.

电视胸腔镜手术16例报告

共完成电视胸腔镜手术１６例，包括电刀切除肺内肿块２例，纵隔囊肿摘除２例，胸腔内取异物２例，肺大泡切除和胸膜粘连术２例，纵隔淋巴结活检２例，胸膜活检和胸膜粘连术１例，凝固性血胸血块清除１例，肺楔形切除１例，左下和右下肺叶切除各１例，恶性胸膜间皮瘤切除１例。本组无严重并发症，仅１例恶性胸膜间皮瘤术中剥离肿瘤时出血，立即改为开胸手术。１６例ＶＡＴＳ均痊愈出院。对ＶＡＴＳ的适应证、禁忌证、手术切口、术野暴露和外科手术技术进行了讨论。

A Fast Underwater Optical Image Segmentation Algorithm Based on a Histogram Weighted Fuzzy C-means Improved by PSO

The S/N of an underwater image is low and has a fuzzy edge.If using traditional methods to process it directly,the result is not satisfying.Though the traditional fuzzy C-means algorithm can sometimes divide the image into object and background,its time-consuming computation is often an obstacle.The mission of the vision system of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is to rapidly and exactly deal with the information about the object in a complex environment for the AUV to use the obtained result to execute the next task.So,by using the statistical characteristics of the gray image histogram,a fast and effective fuzzy C-means underwater image segmentation algorithm was presented.With the weighted histogram modifying the fuzzy membership,the above algorithm can not only cut down on a large amount of data processing and storage during the computation process compared with the traditional algorithm,so as to speed up the efficiency of the segmentation,but also improve the quality of underwater image segmentation.Finally,particle swarm optimization (PSO) described by the sine function was introduced to the algorithm mentioned above.It made up for the shortcomings that the FCM algorithm can not get the global optimal solution.Thus,on the one hand,it considers the global impact and achieves the local optimal solution,and on the other hand,further greatly increases the computing speed.Experimental results indicate that the novel algorithm can reach a better segmentation quality and the processing time of each image is reduced.They enhance efficiency and satisfy the requirements of a highly effective,real-time AUV.

NH_3-N Degradation Dynamics and Calculating Model of Filtration Bed Height in Constructed Soil Rapid Infiltration

The research on Constructed Soil Rapid Infiltration(CSRI) system is in its infancy at home and abroad.There are several details about the mechanism and application of CSRI system needed to be further studied.A major limitation in the current research is the absence of degradation dynamics of pollutants,and the height of filtration bed in CSRI system currently determined by empirical judgment lacks accuracy and logicality.To solve these two prob-lems,the soil column of CSRI system was utilized to treat domestic wastewater,meanwhile,the NH3-N degradation dynamics were studied according to the Monod equation,the research of Mann A T and the NH3-N degradation law.Then the mathematical model of filtration bed height was built based on NH3-N degradation dynamics equation in the soil column.It has been proven that within a limited range this model can calculate the appropriate height of filtration bed accurately in order to optimize technological parameters of hydraulic load and the concentration of influent NH3-N,improving the effluent quality of CSRI system.

Robotic milling for rapid ceramic pototyping

Robotic milling is a developing method for rapidly producing prototypes and parts, but the application is limited for materials such as wax, wood, plastic and light metal, etc. The reason for this is because of the robotic weak rigidity. In this paper, a method of robotic milling for ceramic prototyping is developed, one that has been successfully applied in a new rapid hard tooling technology-Direct Prototype Spray Tooling. At first, the appropriate ceramic materials mixed with metal powder are confirmed for the robotic milling and the following plasma spraying process. Then the 6 - DOF robotic milling paths are extracted from the NC code and transformed into the robotic JBI type file, the NC code generated through the general CAD/CAM software such as UG -NX. Finally, the robotic milling characteristics such as moving path accuracy and milling force are tested to find the best milling parameters and to ensure the executable, accurate and efficient ceramic prototype milling technology. The development of this method not only broadens the robotic milling material range but also extends the rapid prototyping fields. It can also be used for producing ceramic parts that are difficult to machine.

Evaluation of a Direct Rapid Immunohistochemical Test (dRIT) for Rapid Diagnosis of Rabies in Animals and Humans

Presently the gold standard diagnostic technique for rabies is the direct immunofluorescence assay （dFA） which is very expensive and requires a high level of expertise. There is a need for more economical and user friendly tests, particularly for use in developing countries. We have established one such test called the direct rapid immunohistochemical test （dRIT） for diagnosis of rabies using brain tissue. The test is based on capture of rabies nucleoprotein （N） antigen in brain smears using a cocktail of biotinylated monoclonal antibodies specific for the N protein and color development by streptavidin peroxidase-amino ethyl carbazole and counter staining with haematoxollin. The test was done in parallel with standard FAT dFA using 400 brain samples from different animals and humans. The rabies virus N protein appears under fight microscope as reddish brown particles against a light blue background. There was 100 % correlation between the results obtained by the two tests. Also, interpretation of results by dRIT was easier and only required a light microscope. To conclude, this newly developed dRIT technique promises to be a simple, cost effective diagnostic tool for rabies and will have applicability in field conditions prevalent in developing countries.

The SVD of the EMG basis on the FFT of the Kaiser window

The EMG signal is a present field of research which is a driving force in sources of rehabilitating robots. The FFT with Kaiser Window was used in this paper to analyze the spectral characteristics of the EMG signal according to the characteristic of time changing and nonlinearity for the EMG signal and good results have been obtained. The singular value expressing the property of every EMG signal at each channel was taken out. It offered important data for the actual control of rehabilitating robots.

The Effect of Childhood Obesity on Social Welfare

The young generation is the most influenced and vulnerable segment of the market. Food with high level of fat, sugar and/or salt are popularised for this segment. At the same time nearly seven people die of obesity or from complications of obesity in Hungary each hour-one every nine minutes. Approximately 119 million Americans, or 64.5%, of adult Americans are either overweight or obese. 17.5 million obese young person live in the European Union. The result is the drastic elevation of the hygienic expenses. The average health care cost of overweight persons is higher by 42% than normal bodyweight ones. Per capita spending on fast foods is unbelievable and rising. The value of average spending was 2.5 E in 2002. Fast food sales continue to boom despite warnings about obesity. The consumption of these products can contribute to the increased level of childhood obesity. 12% of young person＇s visited a fast food restaurant at least with a weekly regularity. The value is 16.9% in case of young men higher than in case of young ladies （8.1%） to our research. We can state the respondents underestimate the costs of fast foods.

Production of Rhenium by Transmuting Tungsten Metal in Fast Reactors with Moderator

The feasibility of rhenium （Re） production by irradiating tungsten （W） metal in a medium size fast reactor was evaluated by using a Monte Carlo code. The fast reactor can produce about 50 kilograms of Re per every 3 years, which corresponds 10% of Japanese domestic production. The specific activity of Re can be reduced below the exemption level or even the natural Re level if W and osmium is separated after the irradiation. The use of ZrD1.7 moderator reduces the specific activity by half compared to that of ZrH1.7 case, and even the no moderator case is permissible to produce the production of Re which has lower specific reactivity than that of natural Re.

Effects of Team Structure on Innovation Performance： An Empirical Study

Teamwork is gaining increasing attention in a broader management research. In addition to previous research on the relationship between team structure and innovation performance, this study draws from an interesting experience-based theory advanced by Kelley and Littman （2005）, which examines teams from design thinking perspective, and tests its contributions and effects on team＇s innovation performance. According to Kelley and Littman any team should include the following team roles： The anthropologist, the experimenter, the cross-pollinator, the hurdler, the collaborator, the director, the experience architect, the set designer, the storyteller, and the caregiver. We develop theoretical logics to explain how team structure that includes these key team roles and competences lead to a better innovation performance, and propose pertinent hypotheses. Experimental-empirical research and quantitative analysis were used in the study. The study conducted multiple experiments on three samples： a group of foreign entrepreneurship students, a group of technical students, and an additional group of randomly selected individuals, aged between 20 and 58, with diverse backgrounds. A special approach was implemented and a new instrument was developed to evaluate individuals in teams. While the results show that team that possess the major competences proposed by Kelley and Littman are more innovative, preliminary results also show that not all team roles are equally important. Moreover, team roles should be allocated equally among members for better collaboration, member satisfaction, and quick response, and within one team, one prevailing personality is optimal in terms of innovativeness. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research and managerial practice.

Quantum computation with surface-state electrons by rapid population passages

Quantum computation requires coherently controlling the evolutions of qubits.Usually,these manipulations are implemented by precisely designing the durations(such as theπ-pulses)of the Rabi oscillations and tunable interbit coupling.Relaxing this requirement,herein we show that the desired population transfers between the logic states can be deterministically realized(and thus quantum computation could be implemented)both adiabatically and non-adiabatically,by performing the duration-insensitive quantum manipulations.Our proposal is specifically demonstrated with the surface-state of electrons floating on the liquid helium,but could also be applied to the other artificially controllable systems for quantum computing.

A pedestrian introduction to fast multipole methods

This paper provides a conceptual and non-rigorous description of the fast multipole methods for evaluating convolution kernel functions with source distributions.Both the non-oscillatory and the oscillatory kernels are considered.For non-oscillatory kernel,we outline the main ideas of the classical fast multipole method proposed by Greengard and Rokhlin.In the oscillatory case,the directional fast multipole method developed recently by Engquist and Ying is presented.

Science and technology in high-entropy alloys

As human improve their ability to fabricate materials, alloys have evolved from simple to complex compositions, accordingly improving functions and performances,promoting the advancements of human civilization. In recent years, high-entropy alloys（HEAs） have attracted tremendous attention in various fields. With multiple principal components, they inherently possess unique microstructures and many impressive properties, such as high strength and hardness, excellent corrosion resistance, thermal stability, fatigue,fracture, and irradiation resistance, in terms of which they overwhelm the traditional alloys. All these properties have endowed HEAs with many promising potential applications.An in-depth understanding of the essence of HEAs is important to further developing numerous HEAs with better properties and performance in the future. In this paper, we review the recent development of HEAs, and summarize their preparation methods, composition design, phase formation and microstructures, various properties, and modeling and simulation calculations. In addition, the future trends and prospects of HEAs are put forward.

UAV remote sensing atmospheric degradation image restoration based on multiple scattering APSF estimation

Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) remote imaging is affected by the bad weather, and the obtained images have the disadvantages of low contrast, complex texture and blurring. In this paper, we propose a blind deconvolution model based on multiple scattering atmosphere point spread function(APSF) estimation to recovery the remote sensing image. According to Narasimhan analytical theory, a new multiple scattering restoration model is established based on the improved dichromatic model. Then using the L0 norm sparse priors of gradient and dark channel to estimate APSF blur kernel, the fast Fourier transform is used to recover the original clear image by Wiener filtering. By comparing with other state-of-the-art methods, the proposed method can correctly estimate blur kernel, effectively remove the atmospheric degradation phenomena, preserve image detail information and increase the quality evaluation indexes.