The Study on Tourist Destination Tourism Image Perception and Evaluation in Xi'an City

[Objective] The aim was to explore the tourist destination image measurement method, and have an empirical study on Xi＇an City. [Method] With combination of non-structural and structured approach to design questionnaires, tourism image of Xi＇an was explored using the SPSS software from both the qualitative and quantitative analyses. [Result] Xi＇an tourism images serve a heritage historical monuments atmosphere with the Terracotta Warriors, City Wall, Big Wild Goose Pagoda,Huaqing Hot Springs, presenting a positive feeling among tourists in general. In the dissemination of travel, tourism infrastructure construction, tourism transportation,travel services have negative effects on the image of Xi＇an tourism. [Conclusion]The evaluation on the tourism resources is highly spoken of by tourists than the scenic spot, indicating that despite high visibility of tourism resources in Xi＇an, it has not formed strong core competitiveness and a complete tourism industrial chain. It is necessary to take the right marketing strategies to enhance tourist familiarity to Xi＇an. Tourists demands, therefore, should be well considered in developing Xi＇an scenic spots and new tourism products and projects be focused on to improve tourists＇ satisfaction.

Regional Disparity and Convergence of China's Inbound Tourism Economy

Comprehending regional characteristics and influencing factors of China＇s inbound tourism economy is im- portant to make effective policies that will help inbound tourism develop harmoniously and shrink regional disparity. This paper studied the regional disparity and convergence of China＇s inbound tourism economy during 1996-2008 with the methods of a-convergence, club convergence and r-convergence. The results indicate that 1） inbound tourism receipts per capita （ITRPC） of the whole country, the eastern, central and western regions presented the rapid increasing trend; 2） ITRPC of the whole country was characterized by convergence; 3） the eastern region presented club con- vergence, but the central and western regions did not show this trend; 4） the star-hotel levels and investment in fixed assets for the tourism industry per capita had a same trend to growth rates of ITRPC, promoting inbound tourism de- velopment, and there was no difference among the 31 provinces （municipalities） in the mainland of China; 5） but the proportion of employed persons in the tourism industry accounting for total population and the proportion of the terti- ary industry accounting for GDP had a reversal trend to growth rates of ITRPC, shrinking the provincial disparity in inbound tourism economy, and there were differences between the developed provinces and the developing provinces. Based on these analyses, we put forward some suggestions for the developing provinces to speed up inbound tourism economy.

FUZZY SYNTHETIC EVALUATION ON RESIDENT'S PERCEPTIONS OF TOURISM IMPACTS——Case of Jiuzhaigou National Park, Sichuan Province, China

Tourism can have both positive and negative outcomes for residents in tourism destinations, It is a good method to analyze the status of tourism impact by means of investigating residents＇ perceptions of it. Various methods have been used in previous authoritative studies. However, owing to inherent imprecision, difficulties always exist in some conventional methodologies when describing the interpretation of linguistic or measured uncertainties for real-world randoln phenomena. The purpose of this research is to present the fuzzy synthetic evaluation method to investigate residents＇ perceptions of tourisln impacts. At first, basic attributes and a hierarchical framework of tourism impacts are defined and formed. Secondly, the weighted vectors are determined according to the knowledge and experience of experts. Thirdly, the weighted evaluation matrices are aggregated to get the fuzzy sets of tourism impacts. In the last stage, the final fuzzy sets are defuzzified to get the rank of the residents＇ perceptions of tourism impacts. A case study in Jiuzhaigou National Park of China is provided to demonstrate the application of this method.

RESIDENTS' ATTITUDES TO TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN ANCIENT VILLAGE RESORTS——Case Study of World Cultural Heritage of Xidi and Hong Villages

Tourism development surely has social, economic and environmental impacts on tourist destinations.The study on resorts residents' attitudes can help understand the nature of tourism development and the extent to which it may influence on tourist destinations. By now, researches on residents' perception and attitudes are plenteous in the international circle and achievements are great, yet few are found in developing countries. As a most representative cultural tourist destination, World Cultural Heritage-Xidi and Hong villages in Yi County of Anhui Province, are drawing the attention of both tourists and academic circles. This article, taking Xidi and Hong villages as examples, seeks to analyze ancient village residents' attitudes towards tourism impacts and then tries further to explore the connection between tourism development and residents' attitudes. Both qualitative and quantitative surveys are applied in the exploratory investigation into local residents' attitudes of tourism impacts. Based on abundant face-to-face interviews with the local households, tourism enterprises concerned, local government and tourists from July to August of 2002, we are able to have a better understanding of local residents' attitudes to community life, and perception of tourism impacts on society, economy and environment. By this we can promote domestic study on resorts residents' attitudes, and provide some theoretical grounds for establishing tourism development planning and perfect community participation system at tourist destinations.

Impact of Tourists'Perceived Value on Behavioral Intention for Mega Events:Analysis of Inbound and Domestic Tourists at Shanghai World Expo

Based on the survey data for 2120 inbound and domestic tourists at the Shanghai World Expo,a structural equation model was constructed for the relationship among tourists' perceived value dimensions,behavioral intention and revisit intention.Additionally,the influence of tourists' perceived value dimensions on the behavioral intention and revisit intention was explored.The results show that the utilitarian value and enjoyment value significantly affect the inbound and domestic tourists' behavioral intention,while the convenience value and aesthetic value have no significant influence.The service value only significantly affects the domestic tourists' behavioral intention,and the aesthetic value only significantly affects the inbound tourists' behavioral intention.The utilitarian value,service value and enjoyment value significantly affect the inbound and domestic tourists' revisit intention,while the convenience value only significantly affects the domestic tourists' revisit intention.The utilitarian value is the primary factor affecting the inbound tourists' behavioral intention and revisit intention,and the perceived price has no significant effect on either inbound or domestic tourists' behavioral intention or revisit intention.The study explores the relationships between tourists' perceived value,behavioral intention and revisit intention,analyzes the divergence and causation,theoretically enriches the research field of tourism geography and behavioral geography,and has great practical significance to the sustainable development of mega events in China,including the further development of the Shanghai World Expo.

Analysis on inbound tourists' satisfaction in China: an empirical study based on the investigation of 5 cities

In China, the tourism industry is regarded as one means of fostering local economic development. This paper tries to examine inbound tourism development in China in the last decade and analyze inbound tourism's satisfaction of their travel experience with tourist attractions, facilities, services and price by an empirical study based on the investigation of Lanzhou, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Shanghai and Beijing. This paper discusses the demographic characteristics of visitors from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, US, Korea and Japan by surveying a sample of 528 visitors in fi ve different cities. The survey showed that four provinces/autonomous region in western China ranked the top 10 popular destinations. Chinese natural landscape, culture and food were highly regarded by the tourists. At the same time, tourists expressed less satisfaction with tourist language convenience, tourist facility and nightlife in China. It was also found that only 7.4% of the tourists thought travel in China was far more than what they had paid, that 6.5% regarded they got what they paid for, and that 34.9% thought the travel cost was reasonable. Most tourists were satisfi ed with their travel experience in China; many of them would like to return to China and would like to recommend China. For the sustainable development of tourism, Chinese tourism authorities should strengthen the construction, propaganda and management of scenic spots, improve tourist facility and tourist education, especially language convenience, and strengthen the supervision of tickets, souvenir and hotel price.

Rural community tourism in western Sichuan's Qiang nationality: a case study of Wulong Stockade

The importance of the local economy of the development of tourism resources in China＇s relatively underdeveloped minority areas is already common knowledge in academic and business circles. However it＇s necessary to research more on specific patterns of tourism development in these ethnic minority areas. This paper studies Wulong Stockade in Beichuan County in Sichuan Province and examines the distinctive experience of the local Qiang community about developing local tourism resources and the local funding of the development. It notes how the introduction of new re-afforestation laws of 1999 affected the traditional, agriculture-based economy and how a member of the communio： was a key motivator in initiating tourism as a new economic resource. It has also explored changes in the economic conditions of Qiang peasants since tourism began in Wulong Stockade, where local incomes have increased considerably. This paper focuses on a characteristic Qiang area in the mountains of western Sichuan, demonstrates the necessity and feasibility of community tourism development, and uggests that other ethnic minority mountain villages in rural areas draw lessons from Wulong Stockade＇s experience.

Study on the Relationship between Tourist Influence and Residents' Sense of Community:An Empirical Study from Changdao Countyin Shandong Province

Residents' sense of community is an important prerequisite to promote the development of community.Tourism has significant influence on residents' sense of community.An empirical study from Changdao shows that economy and life conflict caused by tourism can affect neighborhood-friendly and community participation significantly.Culture,environment and social services from tourism can significantly affect community association,community care and place recognition.Therefore,the regional managers should pay attention to allocate revenues in the residents fairly and protect own culture to avoid the negative impact from tourism.

Effects of Climate Comfort on Tourists' Network Attention: A Case Study of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Based on the data of climate and Baidu Index, the temporal and spatial variation of climate comfort and toudsts9 network attention in Inner Mongolia was analyzed, and the effect of dimate comfort on tourists, network attention. The results showed, tiiat ① Inner Mongolia had a summer-comfortable toudsm climate, and it was uncomfortable to visit Inner Mongolia in winter. With the decrease of latitude, the climate comfort index gradually rose in Inner Mongolia, with a distribution pattern of l＂ow in the east and high in the west＂. There were three types of distribution of the climate comfort index： M-shaped, inverted U-shaped, and inverted V-shaped ② Toutasts5 network attention had certain dependence on the development level of tourism in wrious regions. The degree of network attention of regions with a high level of tourism development was also relatively high, and its distribution was more uniform. Monthly indexes of the tourists, network attention had three types： M-shaped, inverted U-shaped, and inverted V-shaped. ③ On the whole, climate comfort had a positive impact on the degree of network attention, butwith the improvement of the level of tourism development, the impact of climate comfort on the degree of attention of visitors would be weakened.④ The impact of climate comfort on the tourists, network.

The Analysis on the Sustainable Development of Scenic Spots' Competitive Power

Under the principle of sustainable development, this paper analyzes the factors influencing the competitive power of scenic spots, and sets up a set of evaluation index system, which considers environmental, ecological, social and economic benefits. According to the characteristic of the inder system, the principal component analysis is adopted to do comprehensive appraisal. In the case study this paper analyzes the competitiveness of scenic spots in Jiangsu province.

A study on the tourism practitioners' perception of tourism impact:a case study of Hainan,China

This study examines the urban population of tourism practitioners' perceptions of economic, environmental, and social impacts on cultural, convention, and sport tourism may have in Haikou and Sanya, Hainan, China. The study uses a modif ied Urban Tourism Impact (UTI) to examine economic, environmental, and social perceived impacts. Analysis of the data includes testing three models of structural relationships between tourism impacts and support for development in each of the tourism market sub-divisions through a confirmatory factor analysis. The results of this study show that the positive economic impacts consistently exert influence on predicting support for tourism development in all three models. However, the social impacts play a greater explanatory role with all three market segment, the negative environmental impacts play a role in determining support for sport tourism only. Differences have been found with those with a higher education level in predicting support for cultural tourism, but not convention or sport tourism.

Distribution characteristics of China's key cultural relic tourism resources and suggestions to its development and protection

SPSS13.0 was used to process the data of the 1-6 batch of key cultural relic conservation units promulgated by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage of China;and multi-element evaluation method was used to calculate the composite distribution index.The spatial distribution of cultural relics of provinces in China can be divided into four grades,namely:very rich areas,rich areas,poor areas and very poor areas;the article analyzes the characteristics of cultural resources in spatial and temporal distribution.The paper holds that(1)the distribution of China's cultural relic tourism resources is relatively concentrated,different sharply from region to region,with more Han nation's heritage,less relics of the ethnic minorities;(2) Henan,Hebei,Shaanxi,Shanxi Province are the main regions with heavy distribution of cultural resources;(3) relics appeared in specific time periods in China's history.Ming and Qing Dynasties,Sui,Tang and Five Dynasties,Song,Liao and Jin,the Western Han,Shang and Zhou dynasties,the New Stone Age are the major periods producing more cultural relics.This paper also analyzes relationships of the emergence of cultural relics with production technology,specific historical process,specific geographical location,political system,religion,national culture,customs,architectural styles and techniques of the traditional cultural educational system.Finally,the paper discusses the development and protection of heritage.

词汇化与近义实词的辨析和教学——以“旅行”和“旅游”为例

近义实词“旅行”和“旅游”都先后经历了偏正短语的词汇化，自身的演变和受日语等的影响，从及物动词演变为不及物动词。“旅行”在当代的复兴多半是受日语的影响，“旅游”在现代的复兴则和社会背景密切相关。二者共时的使用特点是和它们的历时发展分不开的，对二者简明实用的辨析内容的确立和教学编排要围绕它们的词汇化演变。对外汉语中近义实词的辨析和教学要注意结合：共时和历时。

甘肃永登连城鲁土司历史文化资源在当代旅游发展中的重大意义

甘肃永登连城鲁土司统治连城长达五百六十多年,留下了弥足珍贵的历史文化资源,是当地发展旅游业的宝贵财富。作者根据鲁土司历史文化资源的特点,把它作为一种宝贵的人文历史旅游资源来挖掘,并对其提出旅游开发的战略构想。

旅游开发投资与旅游地"三定位

旅游开发投资因为旅游自身具的特性和规律决定了其具有较其他行业投资更为复杂的不确定性,这种不确定性使旅游开发投资的风险加大。旅游开发商在进行旅游投资时,必须高度重视旅游地定位,要对旅游地定位进行科学客观准确的分析。对旅游地定位理论进行了研究,最后对旅游开发投资对旅游地定位提出了可操作性建议。

海岛型旅游度假区旅游环境容量研究--以分界洲岛为例

指出了海南分界洲岛为典型的海岛型旅游度假区,以分界洲岛为例,探讨了分界洲岛的旅游环境容量情况,主要从该岛的生态环境容量、功能设施环境容量、旅游空间环境容量和旅游社会环境容量4个指标进行了测算和分析。结果表明:除旅游空间环境容量外,其余3项旅游生态环境容量、功能设施环境容量以及旅游社会环境容量均存在不同程度的超载。根据上述研究结果,提出了促进分界洲岛旅游环境容量建设的策略,并为分界洲岛旅游的开发和发展提供了一些措施和建议。

论地方政府“旅游形象工程”的“虚”与“实”

旅游形象是吸引旅游者最重要的因素之一。市、县(区)级地方政府正是认识到旅游形象在旅游开发中的重要性,纷纷致力于“旅游形象工程”建设,其中有实际的一面,也有虚假的一面。客观地讲,“旅游形象工程”能明显改善旅游及投资环境。但是,目前我国部分市、县(区)级地方政府的“旅游形象工程”,却与自己的实际脱离甚远,表现出“虚”大于“实”。探其根源主观上地方政府部分领导存在着形式主义思想和追求政绩、物质贪欲的念头,客观上地方政府对其在旅游业中的地位不明确,在实际工作中政府工作缺乏法律约束和完善的监督体系。因此,地方政府的所有领导都应克服“旅游形象工程”中的形式主义作风;同时,应对所拥有的旅游资源及客源市场进行准确定位,应变其在旅游业中的“主宰作用”、“主干作用”为主导作用、指导作用,应建立健全“旅游形象工程”的审批制度,并从源头上预防“旅游形象工程”中的腐败因素。

中文“旅游”的语义渊源与流变

文章借鉴现象学方法,将众说纷纭的旅游概念争议暂时“悬置”,仅从语义学和语源学的纯粹视角“直观”旅游。结果发现:旅游的“旅”字不应直接解释为“旅行”,“旅”与“庐”同声通用,而应解释为其本义“客居、客处”。“旅游”的“游”字原无三点水,本为“斿”,读líu,本义“流动”;尽管“游”可以与“遊”通用,但毕竟只是一个替代字,走之旁的“遊”比“游”更能体现旅游的本源内涵。现代中文“旅游”概念实际上历经了从“遊”到“旅遊”再到“旅游”的时代流变,并受到了“tourism”一词翻译的强势影响。南朝沈约《悲哉行》中的“旅遊”二字流变而成的“旅遊”概念,与从“旅行和游览”合并简化而来的现代“旅游”概念不同。文章建议,将“旅遊”作为狭义的纯旅游概念,而将目前流行的“旅游”作为广义的大旅游概念,以示区别。“旅游”的多义性已经给旅游学科建设造成一些困境,文章从宽泛的“旅游”概念中萃取出狭义的“旅遊”概念,有助于完善旅游基本概念系统,供学界参考。

新兴表达“旅旅游”研究

语料检索发现,“旅旅游”是当代汉语中一种高频使用的新兴表达形式,它的出现是类推机制和社会发展共同作用的产物。其中,类推机制是语言内部固有的产生语言变化强有力的推手,社会发展过程中旅游业的兴起则是“旅旅游”大量出现的外在条件和诱发因素。“旅旅游”这一新兴表达反映出汉语中并列式复合词“旅游”内部组成成分的结构关系分立性不断增强,在原来内部结构为并列关系的基础上,“旅游”出现了重新分析为动宾式离合词的新用法。

供给侧改革背景下新化县全域旅游发展分析

随着国民休闲时代、大众旅游时代、高铁时代和区域一体化时代的到来,传统景区旅游已经不能满足消费者的需求,旅游业供给侧改革势在必行.伴随着旅游供给侧改革创新的理念,'全域旅游'以其全时、全域、全产业链的特点成为县域旅游产业升级的选择,本文将以国家级贫困县新化县为研究对象,分析其如何借助自身的资源优势和全国全域旅游试点县的发展机遇,加快区域资源的整合发展,实现县域旅游经济从景点旅游模式向全域模式的转变,做好'旅游+'这篇文章,让旅游助力县域脱贫,助推县域经济发展.