融入真实的感情,表现真实的自己——浅谈"活教育"学说对儿童钢琴教育的启示

现代著名儿童教育家陈鹤琴先生提出的"活教育"学说虽已过去了半个多世纪,但他的理论主张对现阶段儿童 钢琴教育仍有积极的借鉴意义,本文从其目的论、课程论和方法论三个方面对儿童钢琴教育现状进行分析。

Impact of an active educational video game on children's motivation,science knowledge, and physical activity

Background： Active educational video games （AVGs） appear to have a positive effect on elementary school students＇ motivation leading to enhanced learning outcomes. The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of an AVG on elementary school students＇ science knowledge learning, physical activity （PA） level, and interest-based motivation. Methods： In this randomized controlled study, 53 elementary school students were assigned to an experimental condition or a comparison condition. The experimental condition provided an AVG learning environment, whereas the comparison condition was based on sedentary educational video games. Results： The results of repeated measures analysis of variance （ANOVA） on the knowledge test showed that students in both groups performed better on the post-test than they did on the pre-test （p 〈 0.001, η2 = 0.486）, and their post-test scores did not differ significantly. The experimental condition provided a more active environment since the students＇ average heart rates （HRs） were in the Target-Heart-Rate-Zone （HR = 134 bpm）, which was significantly higher than the average HR （103 bpm） from the comparison condition （t = 7.212, p 〈 0.001）. Students in the experimental condition perceived a higher level of situational interest than their counterparts in the comparison group （p 〈 0.01, and η2 = 0.301）. Conclusion： These results suggest that AVGs benefit children more in terms of PA and motivation than traditional video games by providing an enjoyable learning experience and sufficient PA.

Using Sensewear armband and diet journal to promote adolescents' energy balance knowledge and motivation

Purpose： Educating adolescents about energy balance （EB） is essential for effective weight control. This study utilized the Sensewear （SWA） armband and a diet journal to promote adolescents＇ EB knowledge and motivation. Methods： Ninety sixth graders were randomly assigned into the experimental group （n = 46） who utilized SWA and diet journal for 7 consecutive days or the control group （n = 44） who did not. Both groups were pre- and post-measured on EB knowledge, situational interest, and weight. The experimental group was tracked on motivation effort, energy expenditure （EE）, and energy intake （EI）. Results： EB knowledge significantly increased and situational interest remained stable （except for total interest and enjoyment） over time, but these changes did not favor the experimental group. Situational interest and motivation effort were correlated with EE, EI, and/or EB. Conclusion： Tracking EB using the SWA and diet journal is motivating but has limited efficacy in promoting adolescents＇ EB knowledge. Using these two tools as educational technology in conjunction with a focused, systematic, and educational approach has the potential to leverage adolescents＇ EB knowledge, motivation, as well as behaviors for living an energy-balanced lifestyle.

Entrustable professional activities in nursing:A concept analysis

Objective:Entrustable professional activities(EPAs)is a newly emerging concept.This paper aims at analyzing the concept of"EPAs"to clarify the meaning and to identify its components for optimum understanding of the concept for use in nursing education and future research.Method:Three databases-ProQuest,Ovid,and PubMed-were retrieved,and Walker and Avant's concept analysis approach was used to analyze the concept of EPAs.Results:Based on the analysis,three attributes of EPAs were defined,namely (1)EPAs should be restricted to a limited number of tasks;(2)reflect the experience curve;and (3)include acceptance of responsibility and accountability.The antecedent of EPAs is a holistic and integrated assessment approach.This will eventually lead to anticipated consequences such as a mastery of core competencies and an increase in the level of autonomy.Conclusion:The study may contribute to a reduction in the ambiguity of this concept to better apply it in nursing practice.

Operationalizing physical literacy: The potential of active video games

The core idea of physical literacy is a mind-body integrated, holistic approach to physical activity. A physically literate individual is expected to be cognitively knowledgeable, physically competent, and mentally motivated for a physically active life throughout the lifespan. The advancement of technology in recent years, especially those in active video games（AVGs）, seems to have allowed the mind-body integrated physical activity accessible to children at all ages. This article reviews findings from research and critique research on AVGs in light with the theoretical and pedagogical tenets of physical literacy and, on the basis of the review, elaborates the potential that AVGs could contribute to enhancing children＇s physical literacy.

A Right, Not a Privilege： Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak＇s An Aesthetic Education in the Era of Globalization

Gayatri Spivak proposes that providing all citizens throughout the Middle East and North Africa with an aesthetic education will enhance the quality of life for all people of the region, especially women. She argues that an education in the humanities is vital for improving the environment, the political climate, the economy, and for increasing global justice.

Curriculum Reform： Theory of Curriculum-A Starting or a Final Point of Curriculum Reform

Knowledge is essentially a human construct and it evolves continuously on reflective thinking and is practiced systematically in educational institutions. Education has to develop man＇s intellectual, physical, and spiritual powers for survival and develop enrichment factors of life through its curriculum which has certainty of content and methodology based on the educational objectives. Curriculum must build the capacity of individuals. Hence, the author defines curriculum and argues the results as better life style. Also, the author projects the expectations of the twenty-first century learners, and has extended the educational objectives to one more domain as enterprise domain, emphasizing that education must aim to develop entrepreneurial skills of learners. Therefore, it is essential that any curriculum be framed in the light of the existing curriculum, educational transaction, needs of the society, and measurable practices and evaluation, and must aim for enrichment in curricular knowledge, pedagogy and transmission techniques, and value inculcation. The author portrays the results of education.

Discourse of Identity Among the Tatars in Dobrogea

Considering that an ethnic group becomes visible through culture, our study highlights some major themes of Tatar identity discourse in Dobrogea, with reference to cultural life and educational institutions. During the inter-war period, this ethnic community started the process of self-configuration and we intend to emphasize the role of education and culture for identity shaping. This paper will present cultural politics in Dobrogea, especially the role of the Muslim Seminary in Babadag/Medgidia in preserving the religion, language, and the cultural heritage of the Tatar community in Romania.

The Relevance of Sports to the Development of Education in Nigeria, 1904 Till Date

Sporting activities have been part of the culture, customs and natural living of man; they have direct relationship with plans, purposes and goals of human beings. Sports have existed with education since primitive times, when man developed skills like hunting, handling of weapons, tests of strength, endurance and courage. This paper examines the relevance of sporting activities to the development of education in Nigeria, since colonial era- 1904 till date. Sports like football, soccer, badminton, handball, volleyball, tennis, swimming and athletics have corroborated teaching and learning activities at all levels of education be it informal, formal and non formal education in Nigeria. Historical research methodology in education was used to carry out and analyze data for this paper using archival materials and oral interviews as primary sources while textbooks, journals and internet materials were used as secondary sources. The main focuses of the paper are＂ to examine the concepts of sports an6 education, the place of sports in the educational policy and curriculum in Nigeria, advantages of sports to education and nation building, challenges of sports in education and offer suggestions for the improvement of sports and education in Nigeria. The findings of the study revealed that; sports was formally introduced into educational curriculum in Nigeria as physical education in 1904 by the British administration, sports promotes physical health and fitness, recreational activities, relaxation prestige, economic status, identifies talents, abilities, impart skills, encourage socio-cultural relationship which enhances unity among the populace. The forum to benefit from sports usually come at grassroots, school inter-house sports, and inter-schools competitions and association forum. Challenges of sports include inadequate funding, mismanagement of funds, lack of integrity, inadequate personnel, dwindling infrastructural and sporting facilities, inadequate training and medical facilities. It is recommended that, if all the above challenges are properly addressed, sporting activities will project Nigerian education more for overall development both nationally and internationally.

Physically literate and physically educated:A rose by any other name?

In the 2013 release of the U.S. National Physical Education Standards the term ＂physically literate＂ replaced ＂physically educated＂. Un- fortunately, most discourse within the profession about the term physically literate occurred primarily after its adoption. While we agree with the spirit and intent of the term, we feel it is essential to discuss not only what has been potentially gained but also lost. In our paper, we illustrate the similarity of the terms physically educated and physically literate and essentially, from a definitional perspective, find little difference--but are these terms interchangeable？ We provide a critical review of the standards and conclude that the change to physical literacy has produced a shift away from psychomotor outcomes to cognitive outcomes. Our concerns about this are many, but most importantly they are about the need to emphasize the ＂physical＂ in physical education （PE）. It is our belief that the key to elevating the profession and maintaining and increasing support for PE is in its ability to promote and provide physical activity. Without physical activity and physical fitness as main outcomes, PE increases its vulnerability to extinction as a standard part of the U.S. K-12 education curriculum.

An Insight Into the Promise and Problems of Combining Life History and Grounded Theory Research

This paper describes the research carried out in partial fulfilment of the degree of doctor of education. The study was qualitative in nature with a phenomenological interpretive paradigm dominating the philosophical approach. The research methods adopted combined life story and grounded theory. As far as the author has been able to determine there are very few, if any studies which have applied this approach specifically to this area of research which investigated the influence life history has on attitude to lifelong learning. Twenty five respondents were interviewed in face-to-face informal interviews. The main aim was to elicit the respondent＇s subjective interpretation of the interaction between school, family, work, and learning within their lives. The researcher was then able to identify when they occurred and what or who made them particularly meaningful. This paper describes how initial decisions were made regarding the substantive area for the research. Sampling technique and method for collecting the data is discussed and a worked example is given of how the data was analysed. It is intended that this paper will give an insight into the challenge of combining these two much debated methods of research. The empirical data lead to some interesting findings which educators and policy makers will find helpful in order to strengthen the school, college, and workplace interface.

Students＇ English comprehensive ability based on Anglo- American literature

American Literature Education Status and its significance are： Currently, the community is generally filled with quick success; anxious atmosphere has penetrated the influence of contemporary students. No matter what time, we are not able to separate literature and language these two concepts to analyze literary language and it is the most important bearing carrier, and the language is the basic tool to shape the image of literature to reflect the social life and express thoughts and feelings.

Virtue Education： Josef Pieper＇s Vita Contemplativa as Pedagogical Ground

Virtue education in the United States has lost its clout while the corporatization of higher education may be at its peak. The focus of traditional education has shifted from ideas, wisdom, and the love of learning to having a corporate mindset on progress and skills-based knowledge. In many cases, the focus of attention is on remaining viable/sustainable in times of economic decline rather than learning itself, so the resources supporting institutions of higher education are directed into marketing and public relations practices instead of the infrastructure for thinking and learning. This essay draws together three coordinates to make a case for a return to virtue education in the United States. First, the current condition of higher education is shown to have dubiously strayed from a virtue model. Second, the re-emergence of philosophy as a preferred major and its growth in the academy suggest that people realize that something has to change in higher education as they revert back to a broad liberal arts emphasis. Third, a discussion of virtue education from the lens of Josef Pieper＇s virtue philosophy, grounded in the lSta Contemplativa, offers renewed possibility to reengaged higher education for a sustainable future. Together, I suggest that the tradition of higher education in the United States is no longer viable and return to a virtue education model is an alternative that might make higher education sustainable.

The Nature of Philosophy for Children and Its Role in Teaching and Learning

The claim of philosophy connection with academic education is based upon the assumption that philosophy can change students＇ critical status （such as surprising, demanding standard...） and train them with reasoning, conception forming, changing, and investigating skills. Philosophy in school, on the one hand, is a progressive discussion about our future educational system so that it can provide safe training about how philosophy can be performed and mixed in school classes and auditoriums. Therefore, philosophy for children explains that how each teacher in each subject is able to accept a model of philosophical search and adapt it to the class situation. Philosophy is much better understood if considered as a public activity and a conversation according to what Socrates did, than just considered as an education subject which should be inserted in child＇s memory. On the other hand, philosophical opening, questioning, and surprising toward the word--the characteristics which are undeniable, admirable, and comprehensive----can be remained superficial and even bare. Unless, it founts from Socrates＇ dialectic insight： ＂I know that I don＇t know.＂ Philosophy for children is a program which involves them in every class discussion in the field of philosophical subjects. The aim of this program is the improvement of children though via introducing them numerous ＂Big Question＂ and enables them in considering these questions. Using this program, teachers encourage children to think more deeply on ideas about their schoolwork. This strategy mainly takes place in project community of classes. Children will deeply concentrate on their thoughts and skill and then improve them while considering and reinforcing their own and others＇ ideas in response to philosophical puzzles. This article aims to reply the following questions： What is philosophy for children？ What aims does it follow？ What is its content？ What skills does it consider？ How does it compose with the current educational programming？ What strategies does this curriculum follow？

The Radical Character of Art and the Pedagogical and Political Value of the ＂Sublime＂ in Adorno＇s Aesthetic Theory

The critical nature of artwork is owed, according to Adorno, to the fact that it opposes its assimilation by reason and that it does not yield to the imposition of its established principles. This character which Heidegger, too, through a paradoxical convergence with Adorno, and in opposition to Lukacs, recognizes as its ontological component, permits the work of art to represent a force of resistance to dominance in general, in the prospect of the salvation of a humanized society. As such, it makes possible the radical rejection of political and, pertinent to it, pedagogical activity, when converted into primarily authoritiarian activity. Such a responsibility does art assume, according to Adorno, when it represents a spirituality, which is embodied in exemplary fashion both in the work of art itself, making the experience of the sublime possible, and in the aesthetic of the sublime, which is concentrated intensively on whatever remains unapproachable through concepts. In this way, we could say that the aesthetic of the sublime is converted into ＂first philosophy,＂ in the sense that it provides the rule for every theoretical approach. Concurring with this reading of Adorno, we consider how the sublime, as shown in the context of his aesthetic theory, is governed, furthermore, by a paideutic principle of exceptional significance, which we must necessarily activate through aesthetic education, so that western man may understand that he must uproot himself from the nihilistic social context in which he lives, rupturing the delusion of his omnipotence. In a world governed by a permanent crisis of democracy in public and private life, since the weakening of political imagination unites with the retreat from political ethos and an generalization of the unprecedented will for dominance, we consider this aesthetic theory to be exceptionally essential and useful to us both as pedagogical theory and as political theory, since it allows us to understand that the experience of the sublime through art is in opposition to this condition of destruction, and indeed represents the ideal of justice.

Modern Pedagogy and the Ratio Studiorum

This presentation discusses the requests of modern pedagogy, and a possible bridging between the traditional teaching strategies drawn by the Ratio Studiorum of a unique and rare structure, and today＇s learning process. It will argue the practical application and philosophy of education widely accepted and recognized as a part of curricular activities within the learning environments, though with no recognition of its origin. This paper aims to examine the indisputable contributions of the educational methods of the Jesuits in our time, although, the discipline has developed new fundamental, and new concepts such as self-esteem, self-awareness, and self-determination among others,

Loto＇i Tonga： Success by Achievement--A Case Study

Loto＇i Tongas＂the big heart＂-is a term describing all that is Tongan： the passion, joy, spirit, and the mind. This quality of being Tongan shapes the way in which Tongans work together to achieve successful outcomes. Loto＇i Tonga influences activities such as community development projects, social and health services initiatives, as well as the passion seen when Tongan engages in sporting activities. This case study describes a community development project in West Auckland, New Zealand, which brought together the Tongan community. The primary aim of the project was to improve the health and wellbeing of Tongans living in West Auckland. Conducted over several years, the project resulted in the establishment of vegetable gardens, a Tongan pre-school centre, and a woman＇s home-based development initiative resulting in the production of a variety of crafts as well as well-being activities. These successful outcomes provide a clear message to both Tongan and non-Tongan leaders that a way to success in Tongan community development is to empower Tongans to be able to lead and take control over determinants of their life and their well-being. Loto＇i Tonga is a key cultural value that determines such outcomes.

Reflection on College Physical Education Reform Issues

College Physical Education is a teaching model which helps university students masters the basic knowledge, basic theory, basic skills and technology further so as to enhance their integrated abilities and levels of physical education. In recent years, under the joint efforts of government departments, schools and society, the reform of college physical education comes to show effects. China＇ s sports undertaking has become increasingly important in the social life and higher education. However, because of the effects of objective and subjective factors, there are some problems yet to be solved in the process of reform. This paper aims to analysis the problems existing in the work of University Physical Education Reform and proposes some targeted solutions to it.

Globalization and Education for All： The Challenge of the Twenty-First Century

Recently more and more people talk about ＂globalization＂ with loads of semasiological variety： mainly economic but also cultural. Many perceive it as a significant progress, others as an undisputed threat. However, despite the euphoria that faces this phenomenon, globalization is an evolving process. The fact remains that this is a progressive development of economic, scientific, political, and cultural aspects of all peoples of planet Earth turning it into a big city with many differences, in particular in education and educational activities. This paper will try to illuminate fundamental issues as： （1} understanding the notion of globalization in relation to both pedagogical principles in the field： the integrity and completeness; （2） elements of globalization, as a necessary process and development factor; and （3） ＂education for all＂ challenges for the twenty-first century. The content of global education in the scientific publication is given analytical processing, linking globalization in education with the development of democracy and human rights, global ethics, the influence of European norms, standards and the global world, the impact of European and world norms and standards, as well as the penetration of global civic cultural elements.

New Approach to the Flexible Planning of Learning Process in High Education System

Expediency of this work is conditioned by the inconsistency between the market requirement of the specialists and the planning process of high educational system. For solving this problem it is important to make consulting or expect system for flexible planning of teaching modules of every specialty. We make an attempt to consider this problem in two aspects： the prediction of market demand for planning taking into consideration of studies duration and scheduling of educational process. The prediction task consists in data acquisition of market requirement for each profession in discrete time interval to predict dynamic evolution of every specialty. The solution of the prediction task will be using to determination of prognostic quantity of students for each specialty. As regards the second aspect, it consists in finding a schedule of the teaching modules, i.e. the distribution of subjects in the semesters, keeping the total limits of credits, to update and adapt syllabus. In this paper, we present a genetic algorithm as a solution method for the modular scheduling problem. Genetic algorithms （GAs） allow a more general approach to the scheduling problem, which is rated using a fitness function. GA can be successfully applied to find optimized sequential schedules.