The increasing amounts of artificial marine substrates, in many parts of the world have been proposed as a potential driver of Aurelia spp. blooms, on account of providing extra habitats for the settlement and the pro...The increasing amounts of artificial marine substrates, in many parts of the world have been proposed as a potential driver of Aurelia spp. blooms, on account of providing extra habitats for the settlement and the proliferation of the benthic stage(polyps). Previous experiments have mainly focused on the substrate choices of Aurelia spp. planulae. However, substrate preferences for the proliferation and immigration of polyps have not been reported. We monitored the propagation and immigration of Aurelia aurita(s. l.) polyps on two natural and nine artificial substrates at constant temperature(20±0.5°C) and salinity(30±0.5) in beakers and a glass aquarium in the laboratory, respectively. The results showed that, among artificial substrates, the highest number for polyp proliferation and immigration was found on nets, rigid polyvinyl chloride plates(RPVC), and wood. The lowest density of polyps was present on iron plates. Among natural substrates, the asexual reproduction rate of polyps on Patinopecten yessoensis(Jay, 1857) shells was significantly higher than Azumapecten farreri(Jones & Preston, 1904). On the account of the distinction in the roughness, chemical properties and biofilms of these material surfaces, bare artificial or natural substrates discriminatively affect the proliferation and the immigration of Aurelia spp. polyps at laboratory. These observations suggest that, even in the natural environment, different materials and texture may influence the composition and the abundance of the fouling communities and the assemblages of polyps and, indirectly, have effects on the amounts of released medusae.展开更多
This paper presents the furniture design in the face of resource, energy consumption and environment accelerate the lasting damage to low carbon economy circumstances, human face the challenges of survival, should con...This paper presents the furniture design in the face of resource, energy consumption and environment accelerate the lasting damage to low carbon economy circumstances, human face the challenges of survival, should consider how to meet the low carbon era of mankind to the demand for the use of green furniture. Through the low carbon economy society demand, I think the current board furniture is under low carbon economy best green furniture, in the current, the cardboard furniture design of the low carbon times in addition to meet the use function, we should pay more attention to environmental protection and resource utilization, reduce the damage to the environment, with cardboard furniture design scientifically, reduce waste.展开更多
基金Supported by the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China(No.41230963)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA11020305)+1 种基金the Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences(No.U1406403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41506144)
文摘The increasing amounts of artificial marine substrates, in many parts of the world have been proposed as a potential driver of Aurelia spp. blooms, on account of providing extra habitats for the settlement and the proliferation of the benthic stage(polyps). Previous experiments have mainly focused on the substrate choices of Aurelia spp. planulae. However, substrate preferences for the proliferation and immigration of polyps have not been reported. We monitored the propagation and immigration of Aurelia aurita(s. l.) polyps on two natural and nine artificial substrates at constant temperature(20±0.5°C) and salinity(30±0.5) in beakers and a glass aquarium in the laboratory, respectively. The results showed that, among artificial substrates, the highest number for polyp proliferation and immigration was found on nets, rigid polyvinyl chloride plates(RPVC), and wood. The lowest density of polyps was present on iron plates. Among natural substrates, the asexual reproduction rate of polyps on Patinopecten yessoensis(Jay, 1857) shells was significantly higher than Azumapecten farreri(Jones & Preston, 1904). On the account of the distinction in the roughness, chemical properties and biofilms of these material surfaces, bare artificial or natural substrates discriminatively affect the proliferation and the immigration of Aurelia spp. polyps at laboratory. These observations suggest that, even in the natural environment, different materials and texture may influence the composition and the abundance of the fouling communities and the assemblages of polyps and, indirectly, have effects on the amounts of released medusae.
文摘This paper presents the furniture design in the face of resource, energy consumption and environment accelerate the lasting damage to low carbon economy circumstances, human face the challenges of survival, should consider how to meet the low carbon era of mankind to the demand for the use of green furniture. Through the low carbon economy society demand, I think the current board furniture is under low carbon economy best green furniture, in the current, the cardboard furniture design of the low carbon times in addition to meet the use function, we should pay more attention to environmental protection and resource utilization, reduce the damage to the environment, with cardboard furniture design scientifically, reduce waste.
