老子道论的现代分疏与解读

老子的道论是一个整体性的系统,其内在结构包括立道、遵道和修道三个层次。道概念分别有本原义、本体义、规律义、原则义、方法义和境界义,而有机地联系在一起。老子道论虽受历史条件限制,但至令仍是现代哲学与现代人的十分重要的智慧资源。

Imaging simulation and analysis of attitude jitter effect on topographic mapping for lunar orbiter stereo optical cameras

The geometric accuracy of topographic mapping with high-resolution remote sensing images is inevita-bly affected by the orbiter attitude jitter.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct preliminary research on the stereo mapping camera equipped on lunar orbiter before launching.In this work,an imaging simulation method consid-ering the attitude jitter is presented.The impact analysis of different attitude jitter on terrain undulation is conduct-ed by simulating jitter at three attitude angles,respectively.The proposed simulation method is based on the rigor-ous sensor model,using the lunar digital elevation model(DEM)and orthoimage as reference data.The orbit and attitude of the lunar stereo mapping camera are simulated while considering the attitude jitter.Two-dimensional simulated stereo images are generated according to the position and attitude of the orbiter in a given orbit.Experi-mental analyses were conducted by the DEM with the simulated stereo image.The simulation imaging results demonstrate that the proposed method can ensure imaging efficiency without losing the accuracy of topographic mapping.The effect of attitude jitter on the stereo mapping accuracy of the simulated images was analyzed through a DEM comparison.

A maximum-independent-set-based channel allocation algorithm for multi-channel wireless networks

A channel allocation algorithm based on the maximum independent set is proposed to decrease network conflict and improve network performance. First, a channel allocation model is formulated and a series of the maximum independent sets （MISs） are obtained from a contention graph by the proposed approximation algorithm with low complexity. Then, a weighted contention graph is obtained using the number of contention vertices between two MISs as a weighted value. Links are allocated to channels by the weighted contention graph to minimize conflicts between independent sets. Finally, after channel allocation, each node allocates network interface cards （NICs） to links that are allocated channels according to the queue lengths of NICs. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the proposed algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the network throughput and decreases the end to end delay.

Analysis of the blunting line in ductile fracture toughness J_(IC) test method

The blunting line equation is very important in J-integral testing because of its indispensability in the determination of valid data and JIC value. The blunting line equation in current standard has had a larger relative error in depiction of the crack blunting compared to the experimentally measured results. By analyzing the blunting process of the crack tip according to the D-B model, a new form of blunting line was obtained on the base of the path independence of J-integral, i.e., J=1.25(σs+Sf)/(1+n)·WSZ. Experimental results show that this equation is more precise to describe the crack blunting than those in current standards.

Single channel blind source separation based on ICA feature extraction

A new technique is proposed to solve the blind source separation (BSS) given only a single channel observation. The basis functions and the density of the coefficients of source signals learned by ICA are used as the prior knowledge. Based on the learned prior information the learning rules of single channel BSS are presented by maximizing the joint log likelihood of the mixed sources to obtain source signals from single observation, in which the posterior density of the given measurements is maximized. The experimental results exhibit a successful separation performance for mixtures of speech and music signals.

Prognostic significance of PTEN,Ki-67 and CD44s expression patterns in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

AIM:To develop a prognostic approach for gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs) using a cluster of indicators and follow-up information.METHODS:One hundred and four GISTs that had not been subjected to targeted therapies were collected and classified by NIH risk assessment and anatomic location.By immunohistochemistry,the expressions of PTEN,Ki-67,CD44s matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-9 and TIMP-1 were detected on tissue microarray.Univariate and multimarker survival analyses were performed and then a COX hazard proportion model was constructed to evaluate a cluster of predictors of GIST.RESULTS:Our data showed small intestinal GIST are more aggressive than gastric GIST.The NIH risk assessment correlated with disease-free survival foreither gastric GIST or small intestinal GIST.Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Ki-67 labeling indexes(LIs) < 5% predicted higher disease-specific survival(DSS) in gastric and small intestinal GIST.CD44s positivity and PTEN LIs ≥ 50% correlated with higher DSS in gastric GIST.MMP-9 and TIMP-1 had no correlation with survival.Multimarker analysis revealed that the expression pattern of PTEN LIs ≥ 50% combined with Ki-67 LIs < 5% and CD44s positivity reliably predicted favorable outcomes for gastric GIST(P = 0.009),as did the combination of PTEN LIs ≥ 50% and Ki-67 LIs < 5% for small intestinal GIST(P = 0.011).Authors also found that high NIH risk grade was correlated with DSS in patients with gastric GIST and disease-free survival in patients with small intestinal GIST.CONCLUSION:PTEN LIs ≥ 50%,Ki-67 LIs < 5% and CD44s positivity provides an accurate,favorable prognosis for gastric GIST.PTEN LIs ≥ 50% and Ki-67 LIs < 5% does the same for small intestinal GIST.Ki-67 LIs enhances the NIH assessment.

The Health and Morals of Minors： The Glue-Sniffing Epidemic in Louisiana Legislation and Law, 1966-1972

In response to horror stories throughout the country concerning childhood deaths from sniffing model airplane glue, organizations around Louisiana would begin lobbying for legislation to criminalize the practice in 1966. State lawmakers spent much of that summer crafting an anti-glue-sniffing measure for the state. The debates that resulted from the attempt, however, never really focused on the sustainability or practical use of such a law, but instead on the kind of law it would ultimately be -- whether, for example, retailers would be liable for selling glue to minors, even though model airplanes and other kits and toys required such items. Or whether the ingredients in model airplane glue could be classed as schedule one narcotics. Such questions ultimately framed a debate about the fundamental nature of the offense being committed. Ultimately, （unlike other Deep South states） Louisiana decided that sniffing glue was not a drug crime. Instead, it was a problem that affected ＂the health and morals of minors＂.

The investigation on two-dimensional pilot-symbol-aided channel estimation method for OFDM system

Channel estimation for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） system has attracteo widespread attention. In this paper, a novel efficient two-dimensional （2-D） channel estimation algorithm based on fast Fourier transform （FFT） is proposed for a time-variant, frequency-selective wideband wireless channel. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results are addressed in the paper. The simulation results prove that the proposed algorithm has simpler implementation, better performance and wider application than other traditional deeision-direeted algorithms.

MULTIPLE CENTER d-β ORBITALS AND CHARGE TRANSFER OF HETERONUCLEAR COUSTERS WITH CUBANE TYPE (Mo_3S_4)_xM^n+ (x=1, 2, M = Cu, W, Ni, Sb. Mo, Sn, Cu_2; n = 4,8)

In this work, with the analysis on MO and electronic structure for a series of heteronuclear cluster with cubane type (Mo4S1 )xMn1(x=1.2. M = Cu, W, Ni, Sb, Mo, Sn, Cu2) we found that it is with the multiple center d-pir orbitals that the ligand Mo3S44+ bonds to the M atom to form these class clusters. It is revealed that the charges transfer from the M atom to Mo atom of the ligand Mo3S44+ and its relationship with the MC (multiple center) d-pπ orbitals. Based on the charge transfer the electronic spectrum and the magnetic property of some cubane clusters have been discussed.

Direct Marketing and Consumer Trust in Organic Food Products： Vilnius （Lithuania） Case

The market of organic food products has a continuous upward trend though the growth rate and sale channels in individual countries are rather different. This research aims to identify the key factors that influence consumers＇ choice to buy organic food products in Lithuania focusing on the consumer trust in the quality and the most acceptable marketing channels. In order to get the necessary information, the residents of Vilnius （the capital of Lithuania）, as having the greatest potential for the organic food market in the country, were interviewed. The analysis of collected data was done using the methods of mathematical statistics and comparison of relative frequencies. The results of this research prove the increasing consumers＇ interest in organic food products. The majority of consumers consider these products to be healthier, better-tasting and fresher. Only about a third of the purchasers （usually buying frequently） can see differences between organic and non-organic products, therefore, there is a problem to distinguish organic food from conventional products and, consequently, remains a possibility to cheat the consumer. An additional quality control and direct sales from known and familiar farmers might increase trust in the quality of organic food products. So far, supermarkets are the most important place to buy organic foods, however, the greater consumer confidence in the quality of organic products bought at farmers＇ markets and the acceptance of the majority of purchasers to buy organic food products directly from the farmers suppose the need to develop a direct marketing system.

Recent advances and remaining gaps in our knowledge of associations between gut microbiota and human health

The complex gut microbial flora harbored by individuals(microbiota) has long been proposed to contribute tointestinal health as well as disease. Pre-and probioticproducts aimed at improving health by modifyingmicrobiota composition have already become widelyavailable and acceptance of these products appearsto be on the rise. However, although required forthe development of effective microbiota basedinterventions, our basic understanding of microbiotavariation on a population level and its dynamics withinindividuals is still rudimentary. Powerful new parallelsequence technologies combined with other efficientmolecular microbiota analysis methods now allow forcomprehensive analysis of microbiota composition inlarge human populations. Recent fi ndings in the fi eldstrongly suggest that microbiota contributes to thedevelopment of obesity, atopic diseases, inflammatorybowel diseases and intestinal cancers. Through theongoing National Institutes of Health Roadmap 'HumanMicrobiome Project' and similar projects in other partsof the world, a large coordinated effort is currentlyunderway to study how microbiota can impact humanhealth. Translating findings from these studies intoeffective interventions that can improve health,possibly personalized based on an individuals existingmicrobiota, will be the task for the next decade(s).

Independent Source Separation of Multichannel Electroencephalogram Based on Neural Network

A neural network method for independent source separation (ISS) of multichannel electroencephalogram (EEG) is proposed in this paper.Using the denoising function of wavelet multiscale decomposition,the high-frequency noises are removed from the original (raw) EEGs.Then the multichannel EEGs are treated as the weighted mixtures and the expression of weight vector is obtained by seeking the local extrema of the fourth-order cumulants (i.e.kurtosis coefficients) of the mixtures.After these process steps,the weighted mixtures are used as the input of neural network,so the independent source of EEGs can be separated one by one.The experimental results show that our method is effective for ISS of multichannel EEGs.

OPTIMAL ANTENNA SUBSET SELECTION AND BLIND DETECTION APPROACH APPLIED TO ORTHOGONAL SPACE-TIME BLOCK CODING

An approach combining optimal antenna subset selection with blind detection scheme for Orthogonal Space-Time Block Coding (OSTBC) is proposed in this paper. The optimal antenna sub- set selection is taken into account at transmitter and/or receiver sides, which chooses the optimal an- tennas to increase the diversity order of OSTBC and improve further its performance. In order to en- hance the robustness of the detection used in the conventional OSTBC scheme, a blind detection scheme based on Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is exploited which can directly extract transmitted signals without channel estimation. Performance analysis shows that the proposed ap- proach can achieve the full diversity and the flexibility of system design by using the antenna selec-tion and the ICA based blind detection schemes.

Prognostic Factors of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors： A Single Institutional Retrospective Experience with Surgical Management over 20 Years

OBJECTIVE To analyze the pathological features and prognosis factors of gastrointestinal stromal tumor （GIST） after primary resection. METHODS Medical records of the diagnosis, surgery, and follow-up of 327 patients with GISTs who underwent surgery between 1988 and 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. The predic-tive factors for the survival of these patients were identi. ed using multivariate analysis. RESULTS In the 327 tumors, 152 （46.5%） were located in the stomach, 89 （27.2%） in the small intestine, 33 （10.1%） in the colon and rectum, and 43 （13.1%） in other sites including the omentum and mesentery. The 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates of the 327 GIST patients were 74.4% and 62.7%, respectively, and univariate survival analysis demonstrated that factors, such as tumor size, mitotic index, NIH categories, Ki-67 index, tumor location, surgical margins, tumor bleeding, and tumor necrosis have significant effect on survival of the patients （P 〈 0.05）. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the NIH categories, surgical margins, and Ki-67 index were independent prognostic factors for the survival rate. In the group of patients with postoperative recurrence or metastasis, the median survival time of patients who did not receive imatinib treatment was 30 months and that of patients who received imatinib treatment was 59 months. Their 5-year survival rates were 16.4% and 39.4%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant （P = 0.017）. CONCLUSION Complete resection is the .rst choice of treat-ment for GISTs. It is reasonable to evaluate the prognosis of resect-able GISTs and guide the adjunctive therapy with NIH categories and Ki-67 index. Imatinib treatment can signi.cantly increase the survival rate of patients with recurrent and metastatic GISTs.

“声随韵失”释词(二)

运用笔者在本刊发表的以"打"字为例提出的汉语音义"ang→an→a"演变规律,解释"扬名立万;胡说八道"。"万"是"名声、名誉"的意思,为"闻"(去声)的记音字。"胡"的"乱"义源于"荒、幻";"八"是"咈"的记音字。

MIMO-OFDM Scheme Using ApFFT over 3GPP SCM Channels

The all-phase fast Fourier transform (apFFT) is proposed as a digital demodulation algorithm in place of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems. The amplitude spectrum of apFFT-demodulated symbols is the square of that of the FFT, which helps reduce the Gaussian noise to a great extent. Moreover, the phases of apFFT symbols are not affected by the frequency shift between the transmitter and receiver oscillators. These properties particularly appeal to MIMO systems over frequency-selective fading channels. The proposed MIMO-OFDM system employing the apFFT is validated using the spatial channel model (SCM) proposed by the third generation partnership project (3GPP). The simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed system after compensating for the rate loss due to zero bits inserted in the space-frequency OFDM (SF-OFDM) coding scheme, still considerably outperforms the conventional system over 3GPP SCM channels, especially under poor channel conditions.

Research on the Developmental Trend of Computer Music Technology under the Background of Multi-channel Stereo Recording

In this paper, we conduct research on the developmental trend of the computer music technology under the background of multichannelstereo recording. Surround sound is not only used in the fi lm, home theater, also penetrated the digital TV and digital broadcasting.But because of the limitation of storage media capacity and transmission bandwidth must use all kinds of that audio compression technologyto transmit audio data. As a more general and more practical signifi cance, as masking and by masking sound are not limited to their respectiveresend by a single speaker, but in different proportion to their respective ‘channel sound level is poor. To deal with this issue, this paperintegrates the signal denoising method as the optimization and achieves better performance.

Anomalous Hall Effect in Spin-Polarized Two-Dimensional Hole Gas with Cubic-Rashbsa Spin-Orbit Interaction

Based on the Kubo formalism, the anomalous Hall effect in a magnetic two-dimensional hole gas with cubic-Rashba spin-orbit coupling is studied in the presence of δ-function scattering potential. When the weak, shortranged disorder scattering is considered in the Born approximation, we find that the self-energy becomes diagonal in the helicity basis and its value is independent of the wave number, and the vertex correction to the anomalous Hall conductivity due to impurity scattering vanishes when both subbands are occupied. That is to say, the anomalous Hall effect is not vanishing or influenced by the vertex correction for two-dimensional heavy-hole system, which is in sharp contrast to the case of linear-Rashba spin-orbit coupling in the electron band when the short-range disorder scattering is considered and the extrinsic mechanism as well as the effect of external electric field on the SO interaction are ignored.

Suppression to the cross-channel interference based on the short time Fourier transform

A new cross-channel interference suppression method is proposed to decrease the cross-channel interference in beat signals based on the short time Fourier transform （STY3＂） and the inverse short time Fourier transform （ISTFT） when the dual-orthogonal polarimetric frequency-modulated continu- ous wave （FMCW） radar adopts the opposite-slope linear frequency modulation signal pair in the simultaneous measurement mode. The STFT is applied only on the signals in the cross-interference intervals in the four polarimetric channels to decrease the computation complexity. A mask matrix for suppressing the interference is constructed using the constant false alarm ratio （CFAR） detection on the spectrograms by the STFY. The simulative results show that the cross-channel interference is effi- ciently suppressed by the proposed method. The comparison between the proposed method and the rejection method verifies the improved performance of the proposed method.

Overall scheme and on-orbit images of Chang’E-2 lunar satellite CCD stereo camera

The goals of engineering and scientific missions for Chang＇E-2 lunar satellite require high detection sensitivity and large imaging dynamic range for the onboard CCD cameras. The TDI CCD image sensor was adopted for the two linear CCD stereo cameras for the first time in the lunar reconnaissance of the world. The design argumentation is described in this paper. The analysis shows that the imagers meet the mission requirements. The satellite was launched on 1 October 2010 at zero window. The cameras obtained images of 7 m resolution on the 100 km orbit for the first time on 24 October 2010, and operated once again on 27 October 2010 to take stereo images of the Sinus Iridum with the resolution better than 1.5 m. On the near-moon-arc of 15 kmxl00 km elliptical orbit, the images are very clear and rich of grey scales, indicating successful completion of the Chang＇E-2 engineering mission. At the present the cameras are acquiring the full lunar surface stereo images with 7 m resolution on the 100 km circular orbit to complete their scientific mission.