‘米邦塔’仙人掌的快速繁殖

米邦塔仙人掌的营养价值很高,可加工成多种保健品或作为蔬菜、水果直接食用。为达到快速繁殖的目的,对食用仙人掌‘米邦塔'的离体快繁进行研究,结果表明:幼茎片在M S+KT 3 m g.L-1+6-BA 2 m g.L-1+NAA 0.2 m g.L-1+IAA0.15 m g.L-1中的平均不定芽数为3.44个;继代增殖培养基为M S+2,4-D 0.5 m g.L-1+NAA 0.1 m g.L-1+BA 0.5 m g.L-1+KT 2 m g.L-1,接种30 d后,平均增殖系数为11.64;生根壮苗培养基为1/2 M S+IBA 1.5 m g.L-1,生根率100%,每株平均根数9.63条,平均茎长3.99 cm;试管苗生根35 d移栽,成活率最高可达100%。

‘米邦塔’仙人掌粉对大鼠肥胖预防的研究

为研究‘米邦塔’仙人掌粉的预防肥胖作用,以60只6周龄Wistar雄性大鼠为试验动物,分为仙人掌低剂量组(高脂饲料喂养的同时每只每天给予1g/kgmb的‘米邦塔’仙人掌粉)、仙人掌中剂量组(高脂饲料喂养的同时每只每天给予5g/kgmb的‘米邦塔’仙人掌粉),仙人掌高剂量组(高脂饲料喂养的同时每只每天给予15g/kgmb的‘米邦塔’仙人掌粉)、阳性对照组(高脂饲料喂养的同时每只每天给予10mg/kgmb的新非曲明)、模型对照组(高脂饲料喂养的同时每只每天另给予蒸馏水)和空白对照组(标准饲料喂养的同时每只每天另给予蒸馏水),进行为期4周的实验,以大鼠摄食量、体重增加、体内脂肪含量、肝脏重量、大鼠脂肪系数、血清脂质水平为检测指标,研究‘米邦塔’仙人掌对大鼠肥胖的预防作用。结果表明,‘米邦塔’仙人掌粉能减缓大鼠体重的增长,减少大鼠体内脂肪含量,具有抑制大鼠食欲、降低大鼠血清总甘油三酯、提高大鼠血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的作用,表现出对高脂饲料喂养的大鼠具有很好的降血脂和预防肥胖的作用。

Structural Analysis and Anticoagulant Activity of Polysaccharides from Opuntia milpa alta

[Objective] To analyze the components and structure of Opuntia milpa alta polysaccharides, and to study its anticoagulant activity. [Method] The crude polysaccharides （CP） were prepared from Opuntia milpa alta using hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation method, purified by anion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography to study its monosaccharide composition, weight-average molecular weight distribution and main chain structure. And a preliminary study was conducted on the anticoagulant activity of polysaccharide components. [Result] The polysaccharide components WSP1, WSP2a and WSP3 were obtained from CP by the anion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. WSP1 was mainly composed of galactose with a weight-average molecular weight of 2.32×106. WSP2a consisted of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, galactose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid, the contents were 6.3%, 32.3%, 12.9%, 1.5%, 4.8%, 37.1%, 0.64% and 4.4%, respectively. WSP3 mainly composed of arabinose, xylose, rhamnose and trace of glucose, mannose, uronic acid. The weight-average molecular weight of WSP2a and WSP3 was 1.24×106 and 7.92×106, respectively. WSP2 prolonged the activated partial thromboplatin time （APTT） and thrombin time （TT）, while had no significant effect on the prothrombin time （PT） in vitro, indicating that anticoagulant activity of WSP2 functions by affecting the intrinsic coagulation system. The test of inhibition to the conversion of fibrinogen into thrombin showed that WSP2a and WSP3 had obvious anticoagulant activity. Methylation analysis indicated that the main chain of WSP2a was constituted of 1, 4-GalA, 1, 2-Rha and 1, 2, 4-Rha. [Conclusion] This study provided experimental basis for the optimization and development of polysaccharide resources from cactus

Study of the Opuntia ficus indica and Its Radioactive Potassium Content using the Gamma Spectrometry

Mexico is one of the largest producers of nopal （Opuntiaficus indica）. This ＂vegetable＂ is consumed on a daily basis by the Mexican population, being a source of food nutrients. Among its benefits, it is considered the content of potassium, which is essential for human life and health. In this study, it analyzes the content of potassium of the Mexican cactus （Opuntiaficus indica） grown in 5 different regions in the Mexican Basin, where 67% of the nopal is produced for human consumption. The used methodology is gamma spectrometry with Hyperpure Germanium detector （HPGe） and Multichannel Analyzer （MCA） with Maestro~ software. The results show interesting aspects on the concentration of potassium in the nopal. This concentration will primarily depend on： （a） the geological characteristics of the location where the nopal was grows; （b） that potassium concentrations may vary substantially from a region to another, with the same species of nopal as a reference and （c） that this concentration may also vary from one growing season to another.