Adichie＇s Purple Hibiscus is a feminist work that challenges the dehumanizing tendencies of the menfolk as evident in the character of Mama （Beatrice Achike） who eventually exposed the African conception of an idea...Adichie＇s Purple Hibiscus is a feminist work that challenges the dehumanizing tendencies of the menfolk as evident in the character of Mama （Beatrice Achike） who eventually exposed the African conception of an ideal woman who keeps dumb even in the face of humiliation, victimization, and brutality so as to be perceived as a good woman. We will make a resounding case to portray that Achike belongs to the category of liberal feminism. However, as events unfolds, she was forced by situations beyond her control to respond and go radical in order to crush anything that stands in her way to happiness. Efforts will be made to show how African women are rated based on the real and good women as represented by Ifeoma and Beatrice Achike respectively. This essay in exploring the different tenets of feminism will acknowledge that radical feminism is an off shoot of violence. We shall argue that radical feminism is a radical reaction to dehumanization, humiliation, and violence. This study seeks to address the issue of feminism and how characters subject to series of humiliation that leads to a radical approach to gain their freedom.展开更多
This paper takes a cursory look at the conceptual framework of what cultural imperialism entails with particular study of its socio-political consequences in contemporary Nigerian society, and a closer look at the tra...This paper takes a cursory look at the conceptual framework of what cultural imperialism entails with particular study of its socio-political consequences in contemporary Nigerian society, and a closer look at the transportation and importation of western cultural values and the implantation of same in Nigeria thereby almost completely eclipsing the hitherto African cultural conservatism of the Nigerian state. Clear examples of this cultural transplant are given in this work, including but not limited to the use of English language in place of the indigenous languages for communication even when there are no foreigners, smoking of cigarettes, ladies putting on trousers, abortions as a means of birth control, free premarital and extramarital sexual relationships, and homosexuality and gay practices. These which were viewed as an anathema to Nigeria＇s cultural values have supplanted the traditional conservatism of the Nigerian people. This work particularly looks at Chimamanda Adichie＇s Purple Hibiscus and distills classical cases of cultural imperialism. Adichie through the character Eugene, captures cultural imperialism as seen in the life of this vastly brainwashed ＂been-to＂ who is clearly portrayed as an imperial lackey, capitalist, and apologist. Also, the character of Rev. Father Benedict, a Briton, who often found any indigenous songs in St. Agnes Parish was quite offensive. The work also captures cultural imperialism in the ironical contempt with which the catholic devotee, Eugene, treats his own father, Papa Nnukwu, steeped in the traditional African cultural values, and Eugene viewes him as Godlessness. The essay concludes by identifying the cultural crises that cultural imperialism creates in the Nigerian state, and recommends ways of diluting and diffusing the present cultural imperialism as a solution to the myriad of socio-political crises currently experienced by the Nigerian society.展开更多
This paper explores the influence of the local meteoric conditions, the overlying soil on the concentrations of Ca, Mg, and St, and the ratios of Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and Mg/Sr in soil infiltrating water （SIW）. An in situ ...This paper explores the influence of the local meteoric conditions, the overlying soil on the concentrations of Ca, Mg, and St, and the ratios of Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and Mg/Sr in soil infiltrating water （SIW）. An in situ monitoring program was carried out above the Furong Cave throughout 2010 to collect data on SIW, monthly temperature and rainfall, and the geochemical com- position and granularity of soils. The discharge of SIW responded quickly to the local rainfall, and its residence time was the primary factor affecting the Ca, Mg, and Sr content of the SIW. The high concentrations of Ca, Mg, and Sr in the SIW during April should be attributed primarily to the prolonged residence of SIW in the soil during the local dry seasons of winter and early spring. The maximum Mg/Sr ratio also occurred in April. The ratio of Mg/Ca in SIW is positively correlated with pro- longed residence time and with high temperatures, which do not strongly affect the ratio of Sr/Ca. The Mg/Ca ratio was lowest when the Sr/Ca ratio was highest because plant metabolism increased the absorption of Ca and Mg, but not St, and also be- cause higher temperatures enhanced the dissolution of Mg more than that of Sr. These different responses of Mg and Sr to temperature increases resulted in high Mg/Sr ratios during July and August.展开更多
Limestone breccias are a common phenomenon in the Cambrian successions worldwide. They bear important geological im- plications that have attracted geologists for several decades. There are, however, still controversi...Limestone breccias are a common phenomenon in the Cambrian successions worldwide. They bear important geological im- plications that have attracted geologists for several decades. There are, however, still controversies on their origins, especially those of the breccias with abundant vertically orientated clasts. The Furongian （upper Cambrian） Chaomidian Formation of the North China Platform contains numerous levels of limestone breccias and conglomerates that provide an excellent example to look into their formative processes. These breccias and conglomerates have been the focus of study and discussion since the 1980s, but yet there is still no consensus with respect to their geneses. Recently, Van Loon and others argued that the vertically orientated clasts of the breccias developed by a number of simultaneous ＂fountains＂ on the paleo-seafloor; the ＂fountains＂ formed by upward-directed fluidized flows originated from the sediment underlying the brecciated limestones. While the novel ＂fountain＂ hypothesis is not impossible, based on field evidences and theoretical considerations, however, it is most likely that the vertically orientated clasts resulted from their re-orientation by gillaceous sediment that was interbedded with brecciated limestone took place under shallow burial. upward flow of thixotropically liquidized, uncemented ar- fragments. Besides, the deformation processes most likely展开更多
文摘Adichie＇s Purple Hibiscus is a feminist work that challenges the dehumanizing tendencies of the menfolk as evident in the character of Mama （Beatrice Achike） who eventually exposed the African conception of an ideal woman who keeps dumb even in the face of humiliation, victimization, and brutality so as to be perceived as a good woman. We will make a resounding case to portray that Achike belongs to the category of liberal feminism. However, as events unfolds, she was forced by situations beyond her control to respond and go radical in order to crush anything that stands in her way to happiness. Efforts will be made to show how African women are rated based on the real and good women as represented by Ifeoma and Beatrice Achike respectively. This essay in exploring the different tenets of feminism will acknowledge that radical feminism is an off shoot of violence. We shall argue that radical feminism is a radical reaction to dehumanization, humiliation, and violence. This study seeks to address the issue of feminism and how characters subject to series of humiliation that leads to a radical approach to gain their freedom.
文摘This paper takes a cursory look at the conceptual framework of what cultural imperialism entails with particular study of its socio-political consequences in contemporary Nigerian society, and a closer look at the transportation and importation of western cultural values and the implantation of same in Nigeria thereby almost completely eclipsing the hitherto African cultural conservatism of the Nigerian state. Clear examples of this cultural transplant are given in this work, including but not limited to the use of English language in place of the indigenous languages for communication even when there are no foreigners, smoking of cigarettes, ladies putting on trousers, abortions as a means of birth control, free premarital and extramarital sexual relationships, and homosexuality and gay practices. These which were viewed as an anathema to Nigeria＇s cultural values have supplanted the traditional conservatism of the Nigerian people. This work particularly looks at Chimamanda Adichie＇s Purple Hibiscus and distills classical cases of cultural imperialism. Adichie through the character Eugene, captures cultural imperialism as seen in the life of this vastly brainwashed ＂been-to＂ who is clearly portrayed as an imperial lackey, capitalist, and apologist. Also, the character of Rev. Father Benedict, a Briton, who often found any indigenous songs in St. Agnes Parish was quite offensive. The work also captures cultural imperialism in the ironical contempt with which the catholic devotee, Eugene, treats his own father, Papa Nnukwu, steeped in the traditional African cultural values, and Eugene viewes him as Godlessness. The essay concludes by identifying the cultural crises that cultural imperialism creates in the Nigerian state, and recommends ways of diluting and diffusing the present cultural imperialism as a solution to the myriad of socio-political crises currently experienced by the Nigerian society.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41302138,40971122,41030103 and 41172165)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Southwest University(Grant Nos.XDJK2013A012 and XDJK2009C106)State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.SKLLQG1310)
文摘This paper explores the influence of the local meteoric conditions, the overlying soil on the concentrations of Ca, Mg, and St, and the ratios of Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and Mg/Sr in soil infiltrating water （SIW）. An in situ monitoring program was carried out above the Furong Cave throughout 2010 to collect data on SIW, monthly temperature and rainfall, and the geochemical com- position and granularity of soils. The discharge of SIW responded quickly to the local rainfall, and its residence time was the primary factor affecting the Ca, Mg, and Sr content of the SIW. The high concentrations of Ca, Mg, and Sr in the SIW during April should be attributed primarily to the prolonged residence of SIW in the soil during the local dry seasons of winter and early spring. The maximum Mg/Sr ratio also occurred in April. The ratio of Mg/Ca in SIW is positively correlated with pro- longed residence time and with high temperatures, which do not strongly affect the ratio of Sr/Ca. The Mg/Ca ratio was lowest when the Sr/Ca ratio was highest because plant metabolism increased the absorption of Ca and Mg, but not St, and also be- cause higher temperatures enhanced the dissolution of Mg more than that of Sr. These different responses of Mg and Sr to temperature increases resulted in high Mg/Sr ratios during July and August.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(Grant No.2008-0093871)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41302077,41290260)
文摘Limestone breccias are a common phenomenon in the Cambrian successions worldwide. They bear important geological im- plications that have attracted geologists for several decades. There are, however, still controversies on their origins, especially those of the breccias with abundant vertically orientated clasts. The Furongian （upper Cambrian） Chaomidian Formation of the North China Platform contains numerous levels of limestone breccias and conglomerates that provide an excellent example to look into their formative processes. These breccias and conglomerates have been the focus of study and discussion since the 1980s, but yet there is still no consensus with respect to their geneses. Recently, Van Loon and others argued that the vertically orientated clasts of the breccias developed by a number of simultaneous ＂fountains＂ on the paleo-seafloor; the ＂fountains＂ formed by upward-directed fluidized flows originated from the sediment underlying the brecciated limestones. While the novel ＂fountain＂ hypothesis is not impossible, based on field evidences and theoretical considerations, however, it is most likely that the vertically orientated clasts resulted from their re-orientation by gillaceous sediment that was interbedded with brecciated limestone took place under shallow burial. upward flow of thixotropically liquidized, uncemented ar- fragments. Besides, the deformation processes most likely
