Brood parasitism and egg mimicry of Himalayan Cuckoo(Cuculus saturatus) on its host Blyth's Leaf Warbler(Phylloscopus reguloides) were studied in south-western China from April to July 2009.The cuckoo laid a whit...Brood parasitism and egg mimicry of Himalayan Cuckoo(Cuculus saturatus) on its host Blyth's Leaf Warbler(Phylloscopus reguloides) were studied in south-western China from April to July 2009.The cuckoo laid a white egg with fine brown markings on the blunt end.The eggs were conspicuously bigger than the host's own,with 2.06 g in mass and 1.91 cm3 in volume.Visual modeling showed that the cuckoo eggs,which from the human eye appeared to mimic the host eggs to a great extent,were completely different from the host eggs in both hue and chroma.The characters of the Himalayan Cuckoo nestling,reported for the first time,included two triangular and black patches on its gape,which appeared from four days old and became darker with age and growth.While this character also exists in nestlings of Oriental Cuckoo(C.optatus),it has not been found for other Cuculus species.Our results reveal cryptic aspects in the cuckoo-host egg color matching,which are not visible to the naked human eye,and indicate that high mimetic cuckoo eggs rejected by hosts,as determined by human observers in previous studies,might not be mimetic as birds see them.展开更多
In order to reflect the influence of the drivers' characteristic differences on intersection capacity under a mixed traffic flow, a driver correction coefficient for the intersection capacity calculation according to...In order to reflect the influence of the drivers' characteristic differences on intersection capacity under a mixed traffic flow, a driver correction coefficient for the intersection capacity calculation according to the driver's visual characteristics is proposed. First, the parameters of the driver's visual characteristics at some real roads, including gaze fixation distribution, mean fixation duration, visual angle distribution and some other parameters at intersections, are collected. Then, the relationship between the traffic flow rate at intersections and the parameters of driver eye movements are established. The analytical results indicate that when the traffic flow is unsaturated, the parameters of driver eye movements change relatively little; however, when the traffic flow is saturated, the parameters of driver eye movements change drastically. Finally, the saturation-flow-rate model is modified according to the parameters of driver eye movements; thus, a capacity model of intersections considering the driver's visual characteristics is obtained.展开更多
Object To investigate the therapeutic effect of microencapsulated porcine retinal pigmented epithelial cells (RPE-M) transplantation on rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods Primary porcine RPE cells wer...Object To investigate the therapeutic effect of microencapsulated porcine retinal pigmented epithelial cells (RPE-M) transplantation on rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods Primary porcine RPE cells were harvested by enzyme digestion and expanded in culture medium. Determine the levels ofdopamine (DA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) by high performance liquid chromatography electrochemical (HPLC) assay, and the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) were detected by ELISA. Alginate-polylysine-alginate (APA) microencapsulated cells were produced by using a high voltage electrostatic system. PD rat model was established by unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). After that, the RPE-M was transplanted into the corpus striatum of PD rat, and then the rotation test scores were recorded and biochemical changes of the corpus striatum were tested. Results The levels of DA, HVA, BDNF and GDNF secreted by RPE were stable in the RPE culture supernatant and were not changed by the microencapsulation. Eighty-three percent rats developed PD by unilateral lesion of 6-OHDA in the MFB. The RPE-M transplantation had therapeutic effect on 33% PD rats. Conclusion Porcine RPE cells grow actively in vitro and could secrete DA, HVA, BDNF, and GDNF constantly, which does not be affected by the passage culture and the APA miroencapsulation. RPE-M transplantation of may be a curative therapy for PD.展开更多
To evaluate the effects of consumers' value attributes on a firm's marketing strategies with targeted advertising, each consumer's value is measured according to the consumer's consuming behavior and consumption f...To evaluate the effects of consumers' value attributes on a firm's marketing strategies with targeted advertising, each consumer's value is measured according to the consumer's consuming behavior and consumption features. The baseline model in which a firm sends targeted advertising to myopic consumers with constant valuations is established. The results showthat, when a firm sells products to consumers with distinct values using the strategies of targeted advertising and discriminative price, the firm's equilibrium profit with targeted advertising may not always be higher than that using mass advertising, which depends on the ratio of high-value and low-value consumers. Then, three extension models are constructed.First, the firm sends targeted advertising to consumers with different targeting precisions. Secondly, the firm invests in the targeting precision of targeted advertising. Finally, the deliberation cost of rational consumers accepting the discriminative price and targeted advertising is considered. The results indicate that it is profitable for a firm to send targeted advertising to consumers with different value attributes.展开更多
Cluster warhead has become the main ammunition of gun,rocket projectile and missile and it has been widely equipped in almost every country.More and more attention is paid to the damage effect of cluster warhead.The s...Cluster warhead has become the main ammunition of gun,rocket projectile and missile and it has been widely equipped in almost every country.More and more attention is paid to the damage effect of cluster warhead.The size of the dispersion area of cluster warhead is the main standard by which the damage effect of cluster warhead is estimated.The practical method of measuring the dispersion area was developed based on binocular stereo vision measurement theory.The calibration principle of the binocular stereo vision cameras was studied.The matching algorithm that relies on the gradient fields of the neighborhood of a pixel has been used to obtain the spatial information of matched points by acquiring apair of corresponding points in the left and right images of binocular cameras.The 3Dpositions of the flying path of cluster warhead were calculated.The umbrella that is similar to the dispersion track of static explosive cluster warhead was applied in the experiment to get the projection area of the umbrella on the ground.Experiment results verify the feasibility of the proposed method.展开更多
In order to ensure that the off-line arm of a two-arm-wheel combined inspection robot can reliably grasp the line in case of autonomous obstacle crossing,a control method is proposed for line grasping based on hand-ey...In order to ensure that the off-line arm of a two-arm-wheel combined inspection robot can reliably grasp the line in case of autonomous obstacle crossing,a control method is proposed for line grasping based on hand-eye visual servo.On the basis of the transmission line's geometrical characteristics and the camera's imaging principle,a line recognition and extraction method based on structure constraint is designed.The line's intercept and inclination are defined in an imaging space to represent the robot's change of pose and a law governing the pose decoupling servo control is developed.Under the integrated consideration of the influence of light intensity and background change,noise(from the camera itself and electromagnetic field)as well as the robot's kinetic inertia on the robot's imaging quality in the course of motion and the grasping control precision,a servo controller for grasping the line of the robot's off-line arm is designed with the method of fuzzy control.An experiment is conducted on a 1:1 simulation line using an inspection robot and the robot is put into on-line operation on a real overhead transmission line,where the robot can grasp the line within 18 s in the case of autonomous obstacle-crossing.The robot's autonomous line-grasping function is realized without manual intervention and the robot can grasp the line in a precise,reliable and efficient manner,thus the need of actual operation can be satisfied.展开更多
AIM To evaluate the usefulness of different parameters to differentiate Crohn's disease(CD) from primary intestinal lymphoma(PIL).METHODS The medical records of 85 patients with CD and 56 patients with PIL were re...AIM To evaluate the usefulness of different parameters to differentiate Crohn's disease(CD) from primary intestinal lymphoma(PIL).METHODS The medical records of 85 patients with CD and 56 patients with PIL were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, endoscopic, and computed tomographic enterography(CTE) parameters were collected. The univariate value of each parameter was analyzed. A differentiation model was established by pooling all the valuable parameters. Diagnostic efficacy was analyzed, and a receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was plotted.RESULTS The demographic and clinical parameters that showed significant values for differentiating CD from PIL included age of onset, symptom duration, presence of diarrhea, abdominal mass, and perianal lesions(P < 0.05). Elevated lactate dehydrogenase and serum β2-microglobulin levels suggested a PIL diagnosis(P < 0.05). The endoscopic parameters that showed significant values for differentiating CD from PIL included multiple-site lesions, longitudinal ulcer, irregular ulcer,and intraluminal proliferative mass(P < 0.05). The CTE parameters that were useful in the identification of the two conditions included involvement of ≤ 3 segments, circular thickening of the bowel wall, wall thickness > 8 mm, aneurysmal dilation, stricture with proximal dilation, "comb sign", mass showing the "sandwich sign", and intussusceptions(P < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the differentiation model were 91.8%, 96.4%, 93.6%, 97.5%, and 88.5%, respectively. The cutoff value was 0.5. The area under the ROC curve was 0.989.CONCLUSION The differentiation model that integrated the various parameters together may yield a high diagnostic efficacy in the differential diagnosis between CD and PIL.展开更多
To investigate the clinical implications of infliximab trough levels (IFX-TLs) and antibodies to infliximab (ATI) levels in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients in Asian countries.METHODSIFX-TL and ATI level were measured u...To investigate the clinical implications of infliximab trough levels (IFX-TLs) and antibodies to infliximab (ATI) levels in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients in Asian countries.METHODSIFX-TL and ATI level were measured using prospectively collected samples obtained with informed consent from CD patients being treated at Asan Medical Center, South Korea. We analyzed the correlations between IFX-TLs/ATI levels and the clinical activity of CD (quiescent vs active disease) based on the CD activity index, C-reactive protein level, and physician’s judgment of patients’ clinical status at enrollment. The impact of concomitant immunomodulators was also investigated.RESULTSThis study enrolled 138 patients with CD (84 with quiescent and 54 with active disease). In patients with quiescent and active diseases, the median IFX-TLs were 1.423 μg/mL and 0.163 μg/mL, respectively (P < 0.001) and the median ATI levels were 8.064 AU/mL and 11.209 AU/mL, respectively (P < 0.001). In the ATI-negative and -positive groups, the median IFX-TLs were 1.415 μg/mL and 0.141 μg/mL, respectively (P < 0.001). In patients with and without concomitant immunomodulator use, there were no differences in IFX-TLs (0.632 μg/mL and 1.150 μg/mL, respectively; P = 0.274) or ATI levels (8.655 AU/mL and 9.017 AU/mL, respectively; P = 0.083).CONCLUSIONIFX-TL/ATI levels were well correlated with the clinical activity in South Korean CD patients. Our findings support the usefulness of IFX-TLs/ATI levels in treating CD patients receiving IFX in clinical practice.展开更多
Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between children's situational motivation and physical activity(PA)levels in a Dance Dance Revolution(DDR)program,and perceived PA enjoyment.Metho...Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between children's situational motivation and physical activity(PA)levels in a Dance Dance Revolution(DDR)program,and perceived PA enjoyment.Methods:A sample of 215 elementary children participated in a weekly 30-min DDR program.Children's situational motivation toward DDR(intrinsic motivation,identified regulation,external regulation,and amotivation)was measured,followed by the measurement of their accel-erometer-determined moderate to vigorous PA(MVPA)in DDR.Children then reported their PA enjoyment.Results:Only intrinsic motivation was positively related with children's MVPA in DDR and PA enjoyment.However,other motivational beliefs were not significantly related to MVPA and PA enjoyment.Regression analyses further suggested intrinsic motivation was the significant predictor for MVPA and PA enjoyment.Conclusion:Children who experienced fun and learned new things when playing DDR reached high PA levels in DDR,as well as developed generalized feeling states of enjoyment.展开更多
There is recognized increased risk for colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, particularly in long-standing and extensive ulcerative colitis. There also appears to be an increased rate of intes...There is recognized increased risk for colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, particularly in long-standing and extensive ulcerative colitis. There also appears to be an increased rate of intestinal cancer in Crohn's disease, including both colon and small bowel sites. In Crohn's disease, evidence suggests that detection of colorectal cancer may be delayed with a worse progno-sis. Some risk factors for cancer in Crohn's disease include the extent of inflammatory change within the colon and the presence of bypassed or excluded segments, inclu-ding rectal "stump" cancer. In addition, the risk for other types of intestinal neoplasms may be increased in Crohn's disease, including lymphoma and carcinoid tumors. Earlier detection of colorectal cancer based on colonoscopy scre-ening and surveillance may be achieved but, to date, this has not translated into a positive survival benefit. Moreo-ver, newer staining methods and evolving micro-endos-copic techniques show promise, but have not significantly altered management. Future research should focus on development of molecular or other bio-markers that might predict future dysplasia or cancer development in Crohn's disease.展开更多
AIMTo report about the combination and advantages of a stapler-assisted diverticulotomy performed by flexible endoscopy.METHODSFrom November 2014 till December 2015 17 patients (8 female, 9 male, average age 69.8 year...AIMTo report about the combination and advantages of a stapler-assisted diverticulotomy performed by flexible endoscopy.METHODSFrom November 2014 till December 2015 17 patients (8 female, 9 male, average age 69.8 years) with a symptomatic Zenker diverticulum (mean size 3.5 cm) were treated by inserting a new 5 mm fully rotatable surgical stapler (MicroCutter30 Xchange, Cardica Inc.) next to an ultrathin flexible endoscope through an overtube. The Patients were under conscious sedation with the head reclined in left position, the stapler placed centrally and pushed forward to the bottom of the diverticulum. The septum was divided by the staple rows under flexible endoscopic control.RESULTSIn eleven patients (64.7%) the stapler successfully divided the septum completely. Mean procedure time was 21 min, medium size of the septum was 2.8 cm (range 1.5 cm to 4 cm). In four patients the septum was shorter than 3 cm, in seven longer than 3 cm. To divide the septum, averagely 1.3 stapler cartridges were used. Two minor bleedings occurred. Major adverse events like perforation or secondary haemorrhage did not occur. After an average time of two days patients were discharged from the hospital. In 6 patients (35.3%) the stapler failed due to a thick septum or insufficient reclination of the head. Follow up endoscopy was performed after an average of two months in 9 patients; 4 patients (44.4%) were free of symptoms, 5 patients (55.6%) stated an improvement. A relapse of symptoms did not occur.CONCLUSIONFlexible endoscopic Zenker diverticulotomy by using a surgical stapler is a new, safe and efficient treatment modality. A simultaneously tissue opening and occlusion prevents major complications.展开更多
Background: Active educational video games (AVGs) appear to have a positive effect on elementary school students' motivation leading to enhanced learning outcomes. The purpose of this study was to identify the eff...Background: Active educational video games (AVGs) appear to have a positive effect on elementary school students' motivation leading to enhanced learning outcomes. The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of an AVG on elementary school students' science knowledge learning, physical activity (PA) level, and interest-based motivation. Methods: In this randomized controlled study, 53 elementary school students were assigned to an experimental condition or a comparison condition. The experimental condition provided an AVG learning environment, whereas the comparison condition was based on sedentary educational video games. Results: The results of repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the knowledge test showed that students in both groups performed better on the post-test than they did on the pre-test (p 〈 0.001, η2 = 0.486), and their post-test scores did not differ significantly. The experimental condition provided a more active environment since the students' average heart rates (HRs) were in the Target-Heart-Rate-Zone (HR = 134 bpm), which was significantly higher than the average HR (103 bpm) from the comparison condition (t = 7.212, p 〈 0.001). Students in the experimental condition perceived a higher level of situational interest than their counterparts in the comparison group (p 〈 0.01, and η2 = 0.301). Conclusion: These results suggest that AVGs benefit children more in terms of PA and motivation than traditional video games by providing an enjoyable learning experience and sufficient PA.展开更多
An integrated implementation framework of an intelligent recommendation system for outdoor video advertising is proposed, which is based on the analysis of audiences' characteristics. Firstly, the images of the scene...An integrated implementation framework of an intelligent recommendation system for outdoor video advertising is proposed, which is based on the analysis of audiences' characteristics. Firstly, the images of the scene and the people who view the video advertisements are captured by the net- work camera deployed on the video advertising terminal side. Then audiences' characteristics can be obtained by applying computer vision technologies : face detection, face tracking, gender recogni- tion and age estimation. Finally, an intelligent recommendation algorithm is designed to decide the most fitting video ads for each terminal according to multi-dimensional statistical information of its reover, a novel face detection method and a new face tracking method have been proposed to meet the practical requirements of the system, of which the average Fl-score is O. 988 and 0. 951 respec- tively.展开更多
Fansubbing, short for fan subtitling, is a new form of subtitling done by fans for fans voluntarily and collaboratively to distribute free fansubbed programs. Fansub is a virtual community where fansubbers communicate...Fansubbing, short for fan subtitling, is a new form of subtitling done by fans for fans voluntarily and collaboratively to distribute free fansubbed programs. Fansub is a virtual community where fansubbers communicate only through chatting rooms, forums, MSN or QQ. With the popularity of audiovisual programs on the Intemet, fansubs become well-known for their voluntary fansubbed programs and interesting fansubbing. However, little is known about the operating of this virtual community and the strategies of fansubbing humor. Thus, this dissertation explores the modus operandi of fansubs in China's Mainland, and discusses fansubbing strategies compared with that of mainstream subtitling, with particular emphasis on fansubbed humor in American TV series which are popular with Chinese audiences. Different from the mainstream subtitling which often domesticates the otherness in the foreign culture, fansubbing tends to rewrite and manipulate the translation in a more idiosyncratic and creative way. Fansubbers recreate the humor in an "abusive" way to explain the cultural difficulties. And their "abusive" manipulation of translation, especially in humor translation, which helps the audience to overcome the culture barriers, experience the cultural "otherness" while entertain the humor, has great potential to be adopted by other translators in dealing with translating cultural difficulties.展开更多
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma is rapidly increasing in Western countries. This tumour frequently presents late in its course with metastatic disease and has a very poor prognosis. Barrett's oesophagus is an acquired ...Oesophageal adenocarcinoma is rapidly increasing in Western countries. This tumour frequently presents late in its course with metastatic disease and has a very poor prognosis. Barrett's oesophagus is an acquired condition whereby the native squamous mucosa of the lower oesophagus is replaced by columnar epithelium following prolonged gastro-oesophageal reflux and is the recognised precursor lesion for oesophageal adenocarcinoma. There are multiple national and society guidelines regarding screening,surveillance and management of Barrett's oesophagus,however all are limited regarding a clear evidence base for a well-demonstrated benefit and cost-effectiveness of surveillance,and robust risk stratification for patients to best use resources. Currently the accepted risk factors upon which surveillance intervals and interventions are based are Barrett's segment length and histological interpretation of the systematic biopsies. Further patient risk factors including other demographic features,smoking,gender,obesity,ethnicity,patient age,biomarkers and endoscopic adjuncts remain under consideration and are discussed in full. Recent evidence has been published to support earlier endoscopic intervention by means of ablation of the metaplastic Barrett's segment when the earliest signs of dysplasia are detected. Further work should concentrate on establishing better risk stratification and primary and secondary preventative strategies to reduce the risk of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus.展开更多
A 27 year-old male patient was diagnosed with Behcet's disease cortex), (TNF) which resulted in reduced visual acuity and field of vision. This alpha blocker therapy on Behcet's cerebral vasculitis (BD) case a...A 27 year-old male patient was diagnosed with Behcet's disease cortex), (TNF) which resulted in reduced visual acuity and field of vision. This alpha blocker therapy on Behcet's cerebral vasculitis (BD) case and posterior visual pathway demonstrates the effect of tum affection (visual or necrosis factor展开更多
Fabric’s visual image is on important that affects its seasonal application to clothing. In this paper, color and luster property of the fabric were simultaneously considered to elaborate application to clothing in s...Fabric’s visual image is on important that affects its seasonal application to clothing. In this paper, color and luster property of the fabric were simultaneously considered to elaborate application to clothing in seasons. Fabric samples were selected in the four seasons, which were quantified by using the Muncell color system. The data of the color attributes and fabric’s surface luster property were analyzed, which applied in spring, summer, autumn and winter.展开更多
A novel method was proposed, which extracted video object' s track and analyzed video object' s be- havior. Firstly, this method tracked the video object based on motion history image, and obtained the co- ordinate-...A novel method was proposed, which extracted video object' s track and analyzed video object' s be- havior. Firstly, this method tracked the video object based on motion history image, and obtained the co- ordinate-based track sequence and orientation-based track sequence of the video object. Then the pro- posed hidden markov model (HMM) based algorithm was used to analyze the behavior of video object with the track sequence as input. Experimental results on traffic object show that this method can achieve the statistics of a mass of traffic objects' behavior efficiently, can acquire the reasonable velocity behavior curve of traffic object, and can recognize traffic object' s various behaviors accurately. It provides a base for further research on video object behavior.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(3086004431071938)+1 种基金Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET-10-0111)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(20110490967)funded project
文摘Brood parasitism and egg mimicry of Himalayan Cuckoo(Cuculus saturatus) on its host Blyth's Leaf Warbler(Phylloscopus reguloides) were studied in south-western China from April to July 2009.The cuckoo laid a white egg with fine brown markings on the blunt end.The eggs were conspicuously bigger than the host's own,with 2.06 g in mass and 1.91 cm3 in volume.Visual modeling showed that the cuckoo eggs,which from the human eye appeared to mimic the host eggs to a great extent,were completely different from the host eggs in both hue and chroma.The characters of the Himalayan Cuckoo nestling,reported for the first time,included two triangular and black patches on its gape,which appeared from four days old and became darker with age and growth.While this character also exists in nestlings of Oriental Cuckoo(C.optatus),it has not been found for other Cuculus species.Our results reveal cryptic aspects in the cuckoo-host egg color matching,which are not visible to the naked human eye,and indicate that high mimetic cuckoo eggs rejected by hosts,as determined by human observers in previous studies,might not be mimetic as birds see them.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50708019)Huo Yingdong Education Foundation(No.104010)Jiangsu Qing Lan Project
文摘In order to reflect the influence of the drivers' characteristic differences on intersection capacity under a mixed traffic flow, a driver correction coefficient for the intersection capacity calculation according to the driver's visual characteristics is proposed. First, the parameters of the driver's visual characteristics at some real roads, including gaze fixation distribution, mean fixation duration, visual angle distribution and some other parameters at intersections, are collected. Then, the relationship between the traffic flow rate at intersections and the parameters of driver eye movements are established. The analytical results indicate that when the traffic flow is unsaturated, the parameters of driver eye movements change relatively little; however, when the traffic flow is saturated, the parameters of driver eye movements change drastically. Finally, the saturation-flow-rate model is modified according to the parameters of driver eye movements; thus, a capacity model of intersections considering the driver's visual characteristics is obtained.
文摘Object To investigate the therapeutic effect of microencapsulated porcine retinal pigmented epithelial cells (RPE-M) transplantation on rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods Primary porcine RPE cells were harvested by enzyme digestion and expanded in culture medium. Determine the levels ofdopamine (DA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) by high performance liquid chromatography electrochemical (HPLC) assay, and the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) were detected by ELISA. Alginate-polylysine-alginate (APA) microencapsulated cells were produced by using a high voltage electrostatic system. PD rat model was established by unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). After that, the RPE-M was transplanted into the corpus striatum of PD rat, and then the rotation test scores were recorded and biochemical changes of the corpus striatum were tested. Results The levels of DA, HVA, BDNF and GDNF secreted by RPE were stable in the RPE culture supernatant and were not changed by the microencapsulation. Eighty-three percent rats developed PD by unilateral lesion of 6-OHDA in the MFB. The RPE-M transplantation had therapeutic effect on 33% PD rats. Conclusion Porcine RPE cells grow actively in vitro and could secrete DA, HVA, BDNF, and GDNF constantly, which does not be affected by the passage culture and the APA miroencapsulation. RPE-M transplantation of may be a curative therapy for PD.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71371050)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.3214005308)
文摘To evaluate the effects of consumers' value attributes on a firm's marketing strategies with targeted advertising, each consumer's value is measured according to the consumer's consuming behavior and consumption features. The baseline model in which a firm sends targeted advertising to myopic consumers with constant valuations is established. The results showthat, when a firm sells products to consumers with distinct values using the strategies of targeted advertising and discriminative price, the firm's equilibrium profit with targeted advertising may not always be higher than that using mass advertising, which depends on the ratio of high-value and low-value consumers. Then, three extension models are constructed.First, the firm sends targeted advertising to consumers with different targeting precisions. Secondly, the firm invests in the targeting precision of targeted advertising. Finally, the deliberation cost of rational consumers accepting the discriminative price and targeted advertising is considered. The results indicate that it is profitable for a firm to send targeted advertising to consumers with different value attributes.
基金National Major Scientific Equipment Development Projects of China(No.2013YQ240803)Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of Shanxi Province(No.2012021011-1)Scientific and Technological Project in Shanxi Province(No.20140321010-02)
文摘Cluster warhead has become the main ammunition of gun,rocket projectile and missile and it has been widely equipped in almost every country.More and more attention is paid to the damage effect of cluster warhead.The size of the dispersion area of cluster warhead is the main standard by which the damage effect of cluster warhead is estimated.The practical method of measuring the dispersion area was developed based on binocular stereo vision measurement theory.The calibration principle of the binocular stereo vision cameras was studied.The matching algorithm that relies on the gradient fields of the neighborhood of a pixel has been used to obtain the spatial information of matched points by acquiring apair of corresponding points in the left and right images of binocular cameras.The 3Dpositions of the flying path of cluster warhead were calculated.The umbrella that is similar to the dispersion track of static explosive cluster warhead was applied in the experiment to get the projection area of the umbrella on the ground.Experiment results verify the feasibility of the proposed method.
基金Project(2006AA04Z202)supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(51105281)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to ensure that the off-line arm of a two-arm-wheel combined inspection robot can reliably grasp the line in case of autonomous obstacle crossing,a control method is proposed for line grasping based on hand-eye visual servo.On the basis of the transmission line's geometrical characteristics and the camera's imaging principle,a line recognition and extraction method based on structure constraint is designed.The line's intercept and inclination are defined in an imaging space to represent the robot's change of pose and a law governing the pose decoupling servo control is developed.Under the integrated consideration of the influence of light intensity and background change,noise(from the camera itself and electromagnetic field)as well as the robot's kinetic inertia on the robot's imaging quality in the course of motion and the grasping control precision,a servo controller for grasping the line of the robot's off-line arm is designed with the method of fuzzy control.An experiment is conducted on a 1:1 simulation line using an inspection robot and the robot is put into on-line operation on a real overhead transmission line,where the robot can grasp the line within 18 s in the case of autonomous obstacle-crossing.The robot's autonomous line-grasping function is realized without manual intervention and the robot can grasp the line in a precise,reliable and efficient manner,thus the need of actual operation can be satisfied.
文摘AIM To evaluate the usefulness of different parameters to differentiate Crohn's disease(CD) from primary intestinal lymphoma(PIL).METHODS The medical records of 85 patients with CD and 56 patients with PIL were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, endoscopic, and computed tomographic enterography(CTE) parameters were collected. The univariate value of each parameter was analyzed. A differentiation model was established by pooling all the valuable parameters. Diagnostic efficacy was analyzed, and a receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was plotted.RESULTS The demographic and clinical parameters that showed significant values for differentiating CD from PIL included age of onset, symptom duration, presence of diarrhea, abdominal mass, and perianal lesions(P < 0.05). Elevated lactate dehydrogenase and serum β2-microglobulin levels suggested a PIL diagnosis(P < 0.05). The endoscopic parameters that showed significant values for differentiating CD from PIL included multiple-site lesions, longitudinal ulcer, irregular ulcer,and intraluminal proliferative mass(P < 0.05). The CTE parameters that were useful in the identification of the two conditions included involvement of ≤ 3 segments, circular thickening of the bowel wall, wall thickness > 8 mm, aneurysmal dilation, stricture with proximal dilation, "comb sign", mass showing the "sandwich sign", and intussusceptions(P < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the differentiation model were 91.8%, 96.4%, 93.6%, 97.5%, and 88.5%, respectively. The cutoff value was 0.5. The area under the ROC curve was 0.989.CONCLUSION The differentiation model that integrated the various parameters together may yield a high diagnostic efficacy in the differential diagnosis between CD and PIL.
基金Supported by the Asan Institute for Life Sciences,Asan Medical Center,Seoul,South Korea,No.2015-637
文摘To investigate the clinical implications of infliximab trough levels (IFX-TLs) and antibodies to infliximab (ATI) levels in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients in Asian countries.METHODSIFX-TL and ATI level were measured using prospectively collected samples obtained with informed consent from CD patients being treated at Asan Medical Center, South Korea. We analyzed the correlations between IFX-TLs/ATI levels and the clinical activity of CD (quiescent vs active disease) based on the CD activity index, C-reactive protein level, and physician’s judgment of patients’ clinical status at enrollment. The impact of concomitant immunomodulators was also investigated.RESULTSThis study enrolled 138 patients with CD (84 with quiescent and 54 with active disease). In patients with quiescent and active diseases, the median IFX-TLs were 1.423 μg/mL and 0.163 μg/mL, respectively (P < 0.001) and the median ATI levels were 8.064 AU/mL and 11.209 AU/mL, respectively (P < 0.001). In the ATI-negative and -positive groups, the median IFX-TLs were 1.415 μg/mL and 0.141 μg/mL, respectively (P < 0.001). In patients with and without concomitant immunomodulator use, there were no differences in IFX-TLs (0.632 μg/mL and 1.150 μg/mL, respectively; P = 0.274) or ATI levels (8.655 AU/mL and 9.017 AU/mL, respectively; P = 0.083).CONCLUSIONIFX-TL/ATI levels were well correlated with the clinical activity in South Korean CD patients. Our findings support the usefulness of IFX-TLs/ATI levels in treating CD patients receiving IFX in clinical practice.
文摘Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between children's situational motivation and physical activity(PA)levels in a Dance Dance Revolution(DDR)program,and perceived PA enjoyment.Methods:A sample of 215 elementary children participated in a weekly 30-min DDR program.Children's situational motivation toward DDR(intrinsic motivation,identified regulation,external regulation,and amotivation)was measured,followed by the measurement of their accel-erometer-determined moderate to vigorous PA(MVPA)in DDR.Children then reported their PA enjoyment.Results:Only intrinsic motivation was positively related with children's MVPA in DDR and PA enjoyment.However,other motivational beliefs were not significantly related to MVPA and PA enjoyment.Regression analyses further suggested intrinsic motivation was the significant predictor for MVPA and PA enjoyment.Conclusion:Children who experienced fun and learned new things when playing DDR reached high PA levels in DDR,as well as developed generalized feeling states of enjoyment.
文摘There is recognized increased risk for colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, particularly in long-standing and extensive ulcerative colitis. There also appears to be an increased rate of intestinal cancer in Crohn's disease, including both colon and small bowel sites. In Crohn's disease, evidence suggests that detection of colorectal cancer may be delayed with a worse progno-sis. Some risk factors for cancer in Crohn's disease include the extent of inflammatory change within the colon and the presence of bypassed or excluded segments, inclu-ding rectal "stump" cancer. In addition, the risk for other types of intestinal neoplasms may be increased in Crohn's disease, including lymphoma and carcinoid tumors. Earlier detection of colorectal cancer based on colonoscopy scre-ening and surveillance may be achieved but, to date, this has not translated into a positive survival benefit. Moreo-ver, newer staining methods and evolving micro-endos-copic techniques show promise, but have not significantly altered management. Future research should focus on development of molecular or other bio-markers that might predict future dysplasia or cancer development in Crohn's disease.
文摘AIMTo report about the combination and advantages of a stapler-assisted diverticulotomy performed by flexible endoscopy.METHODSFrom November 2014 till December 2015 17 patients (8 female, 9 male, average age 69.8 years) with a symptomatic Zenker diverticulum (mean size 3.5 cm) were treated by inserting a new 5 mm fully rotatable surgical stapler (MicroCutter30 Xchange, Cardica Inc.) next to an ultrathin flexible endoscope through an overtube. The Patients were under conscious sedation with the head reclined in left position, the stapler placed centrally and pushed forward to the bottom of the diverticulum. The septum was divided by the staple rows under flexible endoscopic control.RESULTSIn eleven patients (64.7%) the stapler successfully divided the septum completely. Mean procedure time was 21 min, medium size of the septum was 2.8 cm (range 1.5 cm to 4 cm). In four patients the septum was shorter than 3 cm, in seven longer than 3 cm. To divide the septum, averagely 1.3 stapler cartridges were used. Two minor bleedings occurred. Major adverse events like perforation or secondary haemorrhage did not occur. After an average time of two days patients were discharged from the hospital. In 6 patients (35.3%) the stapler failed due to a thick septum or insufficient reclination of the head. Follow up endoscopy was performed after an average of two months in 9 patients; 4 patients (44.4%) were free of symptoms, 5 patients (55.6%) stated an improvement. A relapse of symptoms did not occur.CONCLUSIONFlexible endoscopic Zenker diverticulotomy by using a surgical stapler is a new, safe and efficient treatment modality. A simultaneously tissue opening and occlusion prevents major complications.
文摘Background: Active educational video games (AVGs) appear to have a positive effect on elementary school students' motivation leading to enhanced learning outcomes. The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of an AVG on elementary school students' science knowledge learning, physical activity (PA) level, and interest-based motivation. Methods: In this randomized controlled study, 53 elementary school students were assigned to an experimental condition or a comparison condition. The experimental condition provided an AVG learning environment, whereas the comparison condition was based on sedentary educational video games. Results: The results of repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the knowledge test showed that students in both groups performed better on the post-test than they did on the pre-test (p 〈 0.001, η2 = 0.486), and their post-test scores did not differ significantly. The experimental condition provided a more active environment since the students' average heart rates (HRs) were in the Target-Heart-Rate-Zone (HR = 134 bpm), which was significantly higher than the average HR (103 bpm) from the comparison condition (t = 7.212, p 〈 0.001). Students in the experimental condition perceived a higher level of situational interest than their counterparts in the comparison group (p 〈 0.01, and η2 = 0.301). Conclusion: These results suggest that AVGs benefit children more in terms of PA and motivation than traditional video games by providing an enjoyable learning experience and sufficient PA.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2011AA01A102)the Important Science&Technology Project of Hainan Province(No.JDJS2013006,ZDXM2015103)the Young Talent Frontier Project of Institute of Acoustics,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘An integrated implementation framework of an intelligent recommendation system for outdoor video advertising is proposed, which is based on the analysis of audiences' characteristics. Firstly, the images of the scene and the people who view the video advertisements are captured by the net- work camera deployed on the video advertising terminal side. Then audiences' characteristics can be obtained by applying computer vision technologies : face detection, face tracking, gender recogni- tion and age estimation. Finally, an intelligent recommendation algorithm is designed to decide the most fitting video ads for each terminal according to multi-dimensional statistical information of its reover, a novel face detection method and a new face tracking method have been proposed to meet the practical requirements of the system, of which the average Fl-score is O. 988 and 0. 951 respec- tively.
文摘Fansubbing, short for fan subtitling, is a new form of subtitling done by fans for fans voluntarily and collaboratively to distribute free fansubbed programs. Fansub is a virtual community where fansubbers communicate only through chatting rooms, forums, MSN or QQ. With the popularity of audiovisual programs on the Intemet, fansubs become well-known for their voluntary fansubbed programs and interesting fansubbing. However, little is known about the operating of this virtual community and the strategies of fansubbing humor. Thus, this dissertation explores the modus operandi of fansubs in China's Mainland, and discusses fansubbing strategies compared with that of mainstream subtitling, with particular emphasis on fansubbed humor in American TV series which are popular with Chinese audiences. Different from the mainstream subtitling which often domesticates the otherness in the foreign culture, fansubbing tends to rewrite and manipulate the translation in a more idiosyncratic and creative way. Fansubbers recreate the humor in an "abusive" way to explain the cultural difficulties. And their "abusive" manipulation of translation, especially in humor translation, which helps the audience to overcome the culture barriers, experience the cultural "otherness" while entertain the humor, has great potential to be adopted by other translators in dealing with translating cultural difficulties.
文摘Oesophageal adenocarcinoma is rapidly increasing in Western countries. This tumour frequently presents late in its course with metastatic disease and has a very poor prognosis. Barrett's oesophagus is an acquired condition whereby the native squamous mucosa of the lower oesophagus is replaced by columnar epithelium following prolonged gastro-oesophageal reflux and is the recognised precursor lesion for oesophageal adenocarcinoma. There are multiple national and society guidelines regarding screening,surveillance and management of Barrett's oesophagus,however all are limited regarding a clear evidence base for a well-demonstrated benefit and cost-effectiveness of surveillance,and robust risk stratification for patients to best use resources. Currently the accepted risk factors upon which surveillance intervals and interventions are based are Barrett's segment length and histological interpretation of the systematic biopsies. Further patient risk factors including other demographic features,smoking,gender,obesity,ethnicity,patient age,biomarkers and endoscopic adjuncts remain under consideration and are discussed in full. Recent evidence has been published to support earlier endoscopic intervention by means of ablation of the metaplastic Barrett's segment when the earliest signs of dysplasia are detected. Further work should concentrate on establishing better risk stratification and primary and secondary preventative strategies to reduce the risk of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus.
文摘A 27 year-old male patient was diagnosed with Behcet's disease cortex), (TNF) which resulted in reduced visual acuity and field of vision. This alpha blocker therapy on Behcet's cerebral vasculitis (BD) case and posterior visual pathway demonstrates the effect of tum affection (visual or necrosis factor
文摘Fabric’s visual image is on important that affects its seasonal application to clothing. In this paper, color and luster property of the fabric were simultaneously considered to elaborate application to clothing in seasons. Fabric samples were selected in the four seasons, which were quantified by using the Muncell color system. The data of the color attributes and fabric’s surface luster property were analyzed, which applied in spring, summer, autumn and winter.
基金supported by the High Technology Research and Development Programme of China(No.2004AA742209)
文摘A novel method was proposed, which extracted video object' s track and analyzed video object' s be- havior. Firstly, this method tracked the video object based on motion history image, and obtained the co- ordinate-based track sequence and orientation-based track sequence of the video object. Then the pro- posed hidden markov model (HMM) based algorithm was used to analyze the behavior of video object with the track sequence as input. Experimental results on traffic object show that this method can achieve the statistics of a mass of traffic objects' behavior efficiently, can acquire the reasonable velocity behavior curve of traffic object, and can recognize traffic object' s various behaviors accurately. It provides a base for further research on video object behavior.