经济与伦理关系的不同视角

本刊编发一组经济伦理方面的论文,是为迎接全国经济伦理学研讨会在河南财经学院召开所做的理论准备。在建立社会主义市场经济体制的进程中,特别是在我国加入WTO之后,经济生活迫切需要建立与之相配套的伦理文化、伦理理念和规则体系。这就是经济伦理学之所以在我国受到从未有过的重视,从而成为一门蓬勃发展的新兴学科的深层原因。专家们分别从经济全球化的趋势,就中国经济伦理学面临的新问题、新任务以及建构新的经济伦理理念和规则,经济与伦理的内在关联,市场经济秩序整治中道德的特殊作用,市场性竞争主体与市场道德秩序,企业合力文化建设的伦理基础等方面,作了富有创造性的探索,有利于学界同仁打开思路。同时,也有抛砖引玉之功效,期望引发争鸣,以推动我国经济伦理学的研究。

《文心雕龙》的注释翻译应注意吸收已有的研究成果

近年《文心雕龙》的翻译注释著作不少,但发现一些本来已经接近原意的研究成果却没有被注意吸收,结果抄来抄去距离原意反而越来越远。这就影响了对原著的理解和把握,尤其一些关键文句的解读。如首篇《原道》首句“文之为德”及其后的“人文之元,肇自太极”的“太极”,本来早已有学者指出前者“德”应训“得道”,后者“太极”是指伏羲氏作八卦,并作了详细的辨析。但译注家均未注意,应引以为鉴。

Ethics as an Active Self-construction of the Human

This paper will attempt to clarify the clear tendency, in our contemporary world, to look at ethics as something that ＂cures＂ all wrongs, all unbalance, and all evils from the political, environmental, to the business ones. For this reason, there is nothing better than to turn to ethics in order to ＂moralise＂ the system and the world, when the numerous news of fraud, injustice, and scandals are a part of everyday life in the business world and in our society. But, is this the role of ethics？ Can we reduce the aim of ethics to a mere technique？ In this paper, it is argued that ethics needs to be replaced in the epistemological scale of knowledge, where until now it has occupied a place at the top. Ethics needs to be repositioned in a different level of knowledge where we may find the roots of its foundation. It is also discussed that it is at the core of being that the experience of the action takes place and develops and in it, ethics takes root. Furthermore, it is suggested that understanding ethics from this point of view presupposes a new ethos around a relational poietics which privileges inter-subjectivity, self-creation, and an active and dynamic construction of the human and of the world.

Ezra Pound＇s Conversion to Confucianism

The paper aims to explore Pound＇s early discovery of Confucianism and his conversion to Confucianism. Pound＇s interest in Confucianism coincided with the time when Christianity, already ＂contaminated＂ by ＂historical diseases＂ in Pound＇s view, could not offer a valid vision by which to guide the spiritual life, resulting in losing self in a modem society. Pound discovers three main deficiencies of Christianity： lack of respect for individuality, the decline of ethics, and open attack upon nature, which could not provide solutions to Western problems. Pound turned to Confucianism to search the existence of modem man in the face of society, and nature, which results in Pound＇s Confucian medicine to cure Western moral obtuseness.

Establish the New View of Nature and Environment-The Discussion about the Important Philosophical Foundation of Project Ethics

In the modem project, how to understand and deal with the relationship between man and nature correctly, and how to treat ecology, resource, lives of animals and plants correctly have become the outstanding and urgent subjects day by day. Thee article illustrated that the new views of nature and environment are the important philosophical foundation of project ethics from three aspects： the recognition of the relationship between man and nature, the meditation of traditional mode of production, and the ecological and environmental consciousness.

A Cool Hand on My Feverish Forehead： An Even Better Samaritan and the Ethics of Abortion

The debate concerning abortion abounds in miraculous narratives. Judith Jarvis Thomson has contrived the most celebrated set among related ones, to wit the ＂violinist analogy,＂ the ＂Good Samaritan＂ narrative, and the ＂Henry Fonda＂ allegory, by virtue of which, she intends, on the one hand, to argue that women＇s right to autonomy outweighs the alleged fetus＇s right to life, and on the other, to prove that no positive moral duties can be derived towards other persons alone from the fact that a moral agent is ascribed certain rights. What this short paper endeavors to prove is that Thomson＇s argumentation by analogy is a weak one, since neither the number nor the relevance of similarities invoked is adequate or satisfactory, while crucial parameters concerning the morality of abortion are being totally overlooked.

A Jewish Approach to Business Ethics

The paper provides an introduction to Judaism＇s approach to business ethics, in contrast to a contemporary business ethics approach. Following a summary of the key aspects of Jewish business ethics, the case of Agriprocessor＇s kosher meat plant is discussed, along with the Jewish response to this scandal. Finally, the implications of what each business ethics system can learn from the other are discussed.

Human Dignity and Human Rights： A Universal Language for Bioethics

One of the aims of the Universal Declaration on B ioethics and Human Rights （UNESCO） is to ＂promote respect for human dignity and protect human rights＂,l Here are two overarching principles at work, ensuring that the biomedical sciences fulfill their task within an ethical framework. The principle of respect for human dignity is a universal moral concept, meant to be applied in human encounters. Protecting human rights underscores the legal principle of not only affirming the fundamental equality of all human beings, but equally safeguarding it. These two principles are universally defined, but are ordinarily specified by the particular value system of individual cultures in which they are employed. It is within such particular cultural application that their relevance stands out. The thrust of this paper is that, since principles are general action guides, they actually constitute a universal language for the analysis and evaluation of all human conduct. However, there is also recognition of the fact that moral contexts vary from culture to culture, and that while the scope of the two principles above is not restricted by any particular culture, it is indeed those cultural specifics of each moral context that constitute the framework within which the principles become operational. As general action guides, I will argue that these principles lack moral relevance outside of those particular cultural settings wherein they are contextualized. Without such relevance, these principles become meaningless mantras. I will further show that such principles do not merely uphold values informed by particular cultures, but they are an embodiment of values inherent to human nature in general. Consequently, these principles do not just serve as instruments for addressing issues peculiar to ＂Western bioethics＂ or any other particular cultural setting in an exclusive sense, but are also used for moderating bioethics discourse that transcend particular cultural boundaries. I will further explain that such universal discourse is potentially instructive with regards to how cultural universals are viewed in relation to the cultural particulars, and that this discourse essentially becomes a lingua franca for cross-cultural dialogue in bioethics.

The Environmental and Ethical Issues of Nuclear Power and Ionizing Radiation

As we enter the new millennium, population explosion, increasing worldwide energy demands and rapid global increase in ionizing radiation are all now threatening our fragile environment like no other time in known history. There is an urgent need for research and education to focus on the complex and direct link between ionizing radiation and its irreversible impact on the environment. Hence, nuclear energy and ionizing radiation issues can no longer be viewed in isolation. Historical facts and official reports prove that a code of ethics did not previously exist in nuclear industry： the risks of ionizing radiation are too great and unpredictable. Elimination of existing man-made ionizing radiation sources in this century is untenable and unsustainable. The intent of this paper is to review and demonstrate that ＇Atoms for Peace＇ is a false and unethical enterprise, and offers insights into the social and ethical aspects of ionizing radiation as a result of nuclear power development. The unethical nature of nuclear weapons, along with risk perception and ethical dilemmas of atom for peace, nuclear weapon tests, the International Atomic Energy Agency, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, the International Court of Justice＇s opinion and the World Economic Forum-Global Risk Landscape will be discussed.

Analysis of Professional Ethics of Accounting Personnel under Accounting Standards Convergence Case

In this paper, through the analysis of the causes and status of international accounting standards, and convergence with International Financial Reporting Standards States progress, we draw that international convergence of accounting is the trend and accounting convergence is an international coordination process, whose essence is the interests of the dispute while countries must participate. In this environment, the implementation of good accounting standards and grasping the professional ethics of the accounting staffhave also become a factor in the industry that can not be ignored.

Religious Ethos and Political Discourse, the Case of Senegalese Politicians

The population finds more and more difficulties to assess the scope and content of political declaration especially in terms of plausibility and the real intentions of the speakers. This is especially true for the Senegalese public who more and more loses confidence in the political class. The public tends to look at the identity of the political personality and its personal values （morality credibility） to determine what to make of his/her words. On their side, politicians also begin promoting their image through their speeches. At this level, religious ethics seems to be unanimously considered a criterion of good morality among Senegalese politicians. We will try to look through Perelman＇s theory of argumentation, which Amossy redefined, how, in order to reach the audience, politicians adapt their words to the public, and enhance principles cherished by the populations to win the battle of the image and confidence.

The three problems in the development of the social work profession and its response research

Social Work Education is imposing special education training for individuals by specialized organizations, institutions or professional, to make them meet the practical requirements of the social work profession in terms of expertise, skills, and professional ethics as well as practical experience, to complete individual professional socialization process. As the train qualified social workers as well as an important foundation for the development of professional knowledge and practice patterns and key links, Social Work Education must continue to respond to the international trend of the social work professional development, meanwhile it should base on the local characteristics in national conditions, in province situation and even the city situation, to build a large social work personnel, and ultimately serve for the development and stability of the local society.

Tragic Fate of Tess and Man-made Morality ---Reflection of Tess of the d＇ Urbervilles

Tess of the d＇ Urbervilles, the greatest novel of British famous writer Thomas Hardy, describes the misfortune and tragedy of a poor peasant girl named Tess, the cause of which has always been the concern of people. This passage will inquire into the cause of her tragedy from a critical point of view of feminism. In this passage, we can know the Tess takes shape from a social developing procession, man-made morality and the male writer. Then this article concludes that the consciousness of the females are given by the society in which they lived and the liberation of the females must be based on the awakening of self-consciousness and the change of moral sense of mortality in society.

Ethical Trading： The Implications of the Human Rights Watch Report on South African Fruit Exports

This paper presents an ex-ante assessment of the potential implications of the 2011 Human Rights Watch Report on the South African fruit industry. The report explicitly mentions the lack of compliance with ethical codes within the fruit industry, the prevalence of exploitative conditions for farm workers and diverse human rights abuses in farms. The report recommends import ban on culprits as well as engaging third party auditing to ensure compliance. The high vulnerability of the smallholder farmers justified the special interest in the implications on their reputation and hence their ability to access profitable export markets. Although large-scale commercial farmers are potentially at risk of reputational damage due to the Human Rights Watch Report, they are better able to cope owing to their stronger capital base. The opinions of knowledgeable industry insiders were therefore elicited through qualitative research that used a five-point Likert scale to assess perceptions about market access. On the basis of the results, it is probable that the report will lead to improved working conditions for farm workers, improved concern for consumers＇ health, and enforcement of legislation by the govemment. The negative implications involve increased competition, possibility of retailers＇ rationalising their supply base and increased evaluation that ends at the farm gate. There is also high probability of increased marginalisation of the already disadvantaged smallholder suppliers, and possible increase in costs of auditing and accreditation for the entire fruit industry. Thus, active collaboration among all stakeholders to ensure the competitiveness of the fruit industry is inevitable.

Yang Zhu＇s ＂Guiji＂ Yangsheng and Its Modem Relevance

Condemned by Mencius （ca.372-289 BCE） as selfishness （weiwo, 为我）, Yang Zhu＇s yangsheng philosophy in China is traditionally depicted as a philosophy of egoism and hedonism. In contrast, Yang Zhu （fl.ca.370-350 BCE） is described as an ＂early liberal or individualist＂ hero in the Western Discussion of Chinese Philosophy. Yang Zhu may not be a liberal or individualist hero as portrayed by the West, but surely he should not be depicted as a promoter of egoism as Mencius did. Both John Emerson and A.C. Graham are probably right when they claimed that Yang Zhu was a revolutionary thinker of his own time; and ＂Yang Zhu＇s intervention for the Chinese thinking world had provoked a metaphysical crisis which had threatened the basic assumptions of Confucianism and Mohism and set them into a new course＂ （A.C. Graham 1978）. From my reading, Yang Zhu＇s influence on Chinese philosophy had been and will be even greater, although his philosophy as a whole was not practiced by Chinese society in the past due to the dominance of Confucianism. Yet as the first person who clearly emphasized nourishing of life for individuals and the first theory that rooted morality into xing （性, human nature）, Yang Zhu＇s yangsheng philosophy had indeed through history made a huge contribution to Chinese nurturing life tradition, and had great potential in providing inspiration to modern moral thinking. Many discussions initiated or developed by Yang Zhu and his followers have influenced both Confucianism and Daoism profoundly. His idea of nourishing life was not only inherited and developed by Zhuangzi and later Daoist religion from life preservation perspective, but also by Mencius and Xunzi from moral cultivation perspective. As a doctrine that has shown more and more relevance to modern society, people can find many inspirations from Yang Zhu＇s answer to the following questions： What is the aim of human life？ What is the right attitude toward life and death？ What is human nature？ What is the relationship between life nourishment and individual freedom？ Why nourishing one＇s own life should be as important as nourishing that of others？ What is the difference between humans and animals？ Why living a natural life is so important for human beings？ Based on materials collected from various Chinese sources directly related to Yang Zhu＇s school, especially the chapter entitled as ＂Yang Zhu＂ from the book of Liezi, this paper will explore essential features of Yang Zhu＇s yangsheng philosophy and its relevance to modern society. As ＂guiji＂ （贵已, cherishing oneself） is the core of Yang Zhu＇s yangsheng philosophy, discussion of this paper will focus on what Yang Zhu＇s ＂guiji＂ means, why Yang Zhu＇s ＂guiji＂ is not ＂weiwo＂ （为我, for oneself）, and how Yang Zhu＇s ＂guiji＂ yangsheng is relevant to modern society.

Man is consubstantial with God Moral reflections on Humanism

Early Renaissance man regained the independence of individual personality, but by the fear of God into the evolution away from God, from the backwash toward the loss. Late Renaissance reflection and adjustments is comforting one, rational constraints original desire, divinity give directions to humanity, which is the most profound meaning of humanism. For human freedom and liberation, post-humanism made a valuable exploration, by absorbing humanistic ingredients of the ancient Greek - Roman and Hebrew - Christian culture, tried to avoid walking single dimension of cultural evolution orientation.

Determinism, Free Will, and Moral Responsibility

Human beings live amidst several bonds. These bonds often place both internal and external limitations that apparently create the view that a human being has no free will but is determined. This paper explores the controversial issue whether a human being possesses free will to make free choices or is determined. It is the stance of this study that if one does not have free will then one cannot be morally responsible for one＇s actions and consequently praise and blame would then have no value. The paper, therefore, is of the view that notwithstanding the many bonds within which they live, humans, with their special dignity, have free will that operate within the respective constraints set by the bonds of human life. Furthermore, since morality involves good and bad, the paper asserts that for an act to be designated as morally good or bad, it implies that the agent was free to perform the said act or do otherwise to merit praise or blame respectively. Thus, for human freedom to be significant, it must be responsible.

Investigation of the problems about Left behind Children in the New Rural Construction —— Henan Province as the example

Henan province is the province that promotes the progress of industrialization and urbanization faster. Along with the flow of rural surplus labor, on the one hand, it formed the large group of migrant children in cities and towns; on the other hand, the ideological and moral problem of the ＂Left-behind children＂ grows increasingly. It not only concerns the happiness of family and the social harmony and stability, but also concerns the quality level of new rural population and labor force in the future.

The Influence of Confucius＇ Moral Standards on Wellbeing of Academics in Higher Education in China in the Context of the Chinese Dream

The Chinese Dream, adopted by General Secretary Xi Jinping, was used and spread in China. It is about Chinese prosperity, collective effort, socialism and national glory. It is also about the welfare, wellbeing, and quality of life of every Chinese. Academics in higher education in China are facing changes both across the globe and in China, they must take the challenges. This paper does research on wellbeing of the academics from the aspects of the definition of wellbeing, the situation both in the world and in China, the Chinese concept of happiness, the possible influence of Confucius moral standards on wellbeing of Chinese. This paper may help school leaders implement policies that foster effective work environment in the new era in China.

Evie＇s Ethical Choices in the World of Noir Ethical Literary Reading of Judy Blundell＇ s What I Saw and How I Lied

In the novel What I Saw and How I Lied （2008）, Judy Blundell presents readers a world of noir where so many lies are around the innocent protagonist, 15-year-old girl Evie. It is a challenge for Evie to probe into the heart of the deceptions and make ethical choices between good and evil. After experiencing the path from error to truth, from confusion to clarity, and unconsciousness to consciousness, Evie comes to realize the corruption and evils of the society and in an epiphany, obtains a self-knowledge which leads to her initiation. Through analyzing the ethical predicament and ethical choices of the protagonist Evie as well as the negative living environment around her, the present paper aims to interrogate the moral issues of truth, lie, justice, greed, fidelity, and betrayal so as to give readers a better understanding of the theme of initiation in the novel.