High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors Based on Two-Dimensional Vat Orange 3 Crystals

The exploration and research of low-cost,environmentally friendly,and sustainable organic semiconductor materials are of immense significance in various fields,including electronics,optoelectronics,and energy conversion.Unfortunately,these semiconductors have almost poor charge transport properties,which range from∼10^(−4) cm^(2)·V^(−1)·s^(−1) to∼10^(−2) cm^(2)·V^(−1)·s^(−1).Vat orange 3,as one of these organic semiconductors,has great potential due to its highly conjugated structure.We obtain high-quality multilayered Vat orange 3 crystals with two-dimensional(2D)growth on h-BN surfaces with thickness of 10–100 nm using physical vapor transport.Raman’s results confirm the stability of the chemical structure of Vat orange 3 during growth.Furthermore,by leveraging the structural advantages of 2D materials,an organic field-effect transistor with a 2D vdW vertical heterostructure is further realized with h-BN encapsulation and multilayered graphene contact electrodes,resulting in an excellent transistor performance with On/Off ratio of 104 and high field-effect mobility of 0.14 cm^(2)·V^(−1)·s^(−1).Our results show the great potential of Vat orange 3 with 2D structures in future nano-electronic applications.Furthermore,we showcase an approach that integrates organic semiconductors with 2D materials,aiming to offer new insights into the study of organic semiconductors.

Global analysis of basic leucine zipper transcription factors in trifoliate orange and the function identification of PtbZIP49 in salt tolerance

As one of the most widely distributed and highly conserved transcription factors in eukaryotes,basic leucine zipper proteins(bZIPs)are involved in a variety of biological processes in plants,but they are largely unknown in citrus.In this study,56 bZIP family members were identified genome-wide from an important citrus rootstock,namely trifoliate orange(Poncirus trifoliata L.Raf.),and these putative bZIPs were named PtbZIP1—PtbZIP56.All PtbZIPs were classified into 13 subgroups by phylogenetic comparison with Arabidopsis thaliana bZIPs(AtbZIPs),and they were randomly distributed on nine known(50 genes)chromosomes and one unknown(6 genes)chromosome.Sequence analysis revealed the detailed characteristics of PtPZIPs,including their amino acid length,isoelectric point(pI),molecular weight(MW),predicted subcellular localization,gene structure,and conserved motifs.Prediction of promoter elements suggested the presence of drought,low-temperature,wound,and defense and stress responsive elements,as well as multiple hormone-responsive cis-acting elements.Spatiotemporal expression analysis showed the transcriptional patterns of PtbZIPs in different tissues and under dehydration,high salt,ABA,and IAA treatments.In addition,21 PtbZIPs were predicted to have direct or indirect protein—protein interactions.Among these,PtbZIP49 was experimentally proven to interact with PtbZIP1 or PtbZIP11 by using a yeast two-hybrid assay and bimolecular fluorescence complementation(BiFC).Subcellular localization analysis further revealed that PtbZIP1,PtbZIP11,and PtbZIP49 were localized in the nucleus.Moreover,PtbZIP49 was functionally identified as having an important role in salt stress via ectopic expression in A.thaliana and silenced in trifoliate orange using virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS).This study provided comprehensive information on PtbZIP transcription factors in citrus and highlights their potential functions in abiotic stress.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Orange and Lemon Peel Extract and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial Properties

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous extracts of orange and lemon peels, as a reducing agent, and silver nitrate salts as a source of silver ions is a promising field of research due to the versatility of biomedical applications of metal nanoparticles. In this paper, AgNPs were synthetized at different reaction parameters such as the type and concentration of the extracts, metal salt concentration, temperature, speed stirring, and pH. The antibacterial properties of the obtained silver nanoparticles against E. coli, as well as the physical and chemical characteristics of the synthesized silver nanoparticles, were investigated. UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to confirm the formation of AgNPs. In addition to green biogenic synthesis, chemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles was also carried out. The optimal temperature for extraction was 65˚C, while for the synthesis of AgNPs was 35˚C. The synthesis is carried out in an acidic environment (pH = 4.7 orange and pH = 3.8 lemon), neutral (pH = 7) and alkaline (pH = 10), then for different concentrations of silver nitrate solution (0.5 mM - 1 mM), optimal time duration of the reaction was 60 min and optimal stirring speed rotation was 250 rpm on the magnetic stirrer. The physical properties of the synthesized silver nanoparticles (conductivity, density and refractive index) were also studied, and the passage of laser light through the obtained solution and distilled water was compared. Positive inhibitory effect on the growth of new Escherichia coli colonies have shown AgNPs synthesized at a basic pH value and at a 0.1 mM AgNO3 using orange or lemon peel extract, while for a 0.5 mM AgNO3 using lemon peel extract.

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals gonadal dynamic changes during sex differentiation in hermaphroditic protogynous orange-spotted grouper(Epinephelus coioides)

DEAR EDITOR,Sex differentiation is a complex process that requires many factors to regulate gonadal proliferation, differentiation,development, and organization. In teleosts, the molecular mechanisms of sex differentiation are diverse and unclear.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of Salvia miltiorrhiza with orange roots uncovers the role of Sm2OGD3 in catalyzing 15,16-dehydrogenation of tanshinones

Salvia miltiorrhiza is well known for its clinical practice in treating heart and cardiovascular diseases.Its roots,used for traditional Chinese medicine materials,are usually brick-red due to accumulation of red pigments,such as tanshinone IIA and tanshinone I.Here we report a S.miltiorrhiza line(shh)with orange roots.Compared with the red roots of normal S.miltiorrhiza plants,the contents of tanshinones with a single bond at C-15,16 were increased,whereas those with a double bond at C-15,16 were significantly decreased in shh.We assembled a high-quality chromosome-level genome of shh.Phylogenomic analysis showed that the relationship between two S.miltiorrhiza lines with red roots was closer than the relationship with shh.It indicates that shh could not be the mutant of an extant S.miltiorrhiza line with red roots.Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses showed that a 1.0 kb DNA fragment was deleted in shh Sm2OGD3m.Complementation assay showed that overexpression of intact Sm2OGD3 in shh hairy roots recovered furan D-ring tanshinone accumulation.Consistently,in vitro protein assay showed that Sm2OGD3 catalyzed the conversion of cyptotanshinone,15,16-dihydrotanshinone I and 1,2,15,16-tetrahydrotanshinone I into tanshinone IIA,tanshinone I and 1,2-dihydrotanshinone I,respectively.Thus,Sm2OGD3 functions as tanshinone 15,16-dehydrogenase and is a key enzyme in tanshinone biosynthesis.The results provide novel insights into the metabolic network of medicinally important tanshinone compounds.

CsTT8 regulates anthocyanin accumulation in blood orange through alternative splicing transcription

A homologous gene of basic-helix-loop-helix AtTT8 in Arabidopsis thaliana was identified in juice sac cells of pulp tissues from blood orange(Citrus sinensis cv‘Tarocco’),which was designated as CsTT8 in this study.Additionally,the mRNA levels of TT8 with the full-length open reading frame were significantly higher in‘Tarocco’than in mutant fruit lacking pigment in pulp or peel tissues.However,an alternative splicing transcript,Δ15-TT8,with the fourth exon skipped,was also identified from transcripts different in length from that in‘Tarocco’.The mRNA levels ofΔ15-TT8 were higher in mutant fruit lacking pigment in pulp or peel tissues than in the wild type.Therefore,the TT8/Δ15-TT8 mRNA level ratio was found to be crucial for sufficient pigment in either pulp or peel tissues.TT8 from blood orange fruit demonstrated the capacity for nucleus localization and binding to other proteins.In contrast,Δ15-TT8,lacking the fourth exon,lost its ability to interact with RUBY1 and to localize at the nucleus.Using a dual luciferase reporter assay and transient overexpression in tobacco,we proved that two regulatory complexes formed by a functional TT8 with different MYB(v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog)-type partners significantly promoted expression of an anthocyanin biosynthetic gene and a proton pumping gene,leading to anthocyanin and citrate production.Our findings suggest that TT8,rather than dysfunctionalΔ15-TT8,is possibly involved in modulating anthocyanin biosynthesis and its transport into vacuoles by proton gradients.However,increased mRNA levels of the dysfunctional alternative splicing transcript may act as a negative feedback to downregulate TT8 expression and limit anthocyanin accumulation in blood oranges.

Understanding changes in volatile compounds and fatty acids of Jincheng orange peel oil at different growth stages using GC-MS

Jincheng orange(Citrus sinensis Osbeck)is widely grown in Chongqing,China,and is commonly consumed because of its characteristic aroma contributed by the presence of diverse volatile compounds.The changes in aroma during the development and maturation of fruit are indicators for ripening and harvest time.However,the influence of growth stages on the volatile compounds in Jincheng orange remains unclear.In addition,volatiles originate from fatty acids,most of which are the precursors of volatile substances.On this basis,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was performed to elaborate the changes in volatile constituents and fatty acids as precursors.This study tested proximately 60 volatiles and 8 fatty acids at 9 growth and development stages(AF1-AF9).Of those compounds,more than 92.00%of total volatiles and 87.50%of fatty acids were terpenoid and saturated fatty acids,respectively.As shown in the PCA plot,the AF5,AF6,and AF9 stages were confirmed as completely segregated and appeared different.In addition,most of the volatiles and fatty acids first increased at the beginning of the development stage,then decreased from the AF6 development stage,and finally increased at the AF9 maturity stage.Moreover,the highest contents of terpenoid,alcohols,aldehydes,ketones,and saturated fatty acids in Jincheng orange peel oil were d-limonene,linalool,octanal,cyclohexanone,and stearic acid during development stages,respectively.Our results found that the growth stages significantly affected the volatile constituents and precursors in Jincheng orange peel oil.

Use of Agent Purple, Agent Orange and Agent Blue on Royal Thai Air Force Base Perimeters in Thailand during the Vietnam War

Seven Royal Thai Air Force bases in Thailand were used by the United States Air Force (USAF) during the Vietnam War as staging hubs for operations in Laos and Cambodia. Five bases in Thailand, including Nakhon Phanom (NKP), Ubon, Korat, U-Tapao and Udorn endured sniper fire interdiction, perimeter penetration, and sapper (combat engineer) attacks. Nam Phong, an eighth Royal Thai Air Force base was used by the United States Marine Corps air operations starting in 1972. US Military personnel stationed throughout Thailand were also attacked by Communists insurgents. Two herbicides, Agent Purple and Agent Orange containing 2, 4, 5-T contaminated with dioxin (TCDD—2, 3, 7, 8 tetrachlorodibenzodioxin) and a third herbicide, the arsenic-based Agent Blue, were routinely received at these Thailand airbases in support of air missions and to keep airbases and perimeter fences clear of vegetation. Udorn Royal Thai Air Force (RTAF) base, established in the 1950s was consistently a target of enemy attacks during this period. The Thai government allowed the United States to use five bases, covertly, and two other Thai bases, openly, due to concerns that the civil war inside Laos might spread into Thailand. The US Air Force began, in 1961, to provide the air defense of Thailand and to fly reconnaissance flights over Laos. Under the United States and Thailand’s “gentleman’s agreement”, the bases used by the USAF were considered RTAF bases under the command of Thai officers. The USAF at Udorn was under the command of the United States Pacific Air Forces (PACAF) Thirteenth Air Force and was used to temporarily store and distribute Agent Purple, Agent Orange and Agent Blue to Laos’s airfields for spraying of the Ho Chi Minh Trail. Thai air police controlled access to the bases using sentry dogs, observation towers, and machine gun emplacements. The USAF Security police assisted the Thai air police in base defense. In this study, we document the use of Agent Orange, Agent Purple and Agent Blue on Royal Thai Air Force base perimeters and grounds during the Vietnam War, potential active-duty service personnel exposure to these toxic herbicides and health impacts of the contaminant dioxin TCDD and arsenic on U.S. Vietnam Era Veterans and Vietnam Veterans. This documentation is important evidence in the “assumption of exposure” for health claims to the US Veterans Administration (VA) by veterans that served in Thailand between 1962 and 1976.

Assessment of quality of bread incorporated with defatted sweet orange seed flour

The effect of incorporation of defatted flour from seeds of sweet orange on wheat flour bread quality was investigated.Seeds were removed from the fruits of sweet orange,sun dried,milled and defatted with ethanol.The defatted orange seed flour was incorporated into wheat flour at 5,10,and 15%.The chemical composition and physicochemical properties of the composite flours were assessed.The composite flours were used to prepare breads and the nutrients composition,antioxidant,physical and sensory qualities of the breads were determined.The water absorption,oil absorption,emulsifying and swelling capacities increased while foaming capacity and bulk density decreased with the addition of the defatted seed flour in the blends.The addition of defatted seed flour increased significantly(P<0.05)the ash(1.98%–3.05%),crude fiber(1.26%–2.98%)and carbohydrate(47.78%–55.90%)contents but decreased the moisture(23.59%–20.37%),crude fat(12.43%–8.98%)and protein(12.96%–8.72%)contents of the breads.The calcium,sodium,iron and zinc contents improved but phosphorus and potassium levels decreased with the incorporation of the defatted seed flour.The phenols,flavonoids,alkaloids,saponins,and carotenoids contents varied from 85.03–18.59 mg/100g,3.11–7.83 mg/100g,7.30–12.06 mg/100g,1.87–2.06 mg/100g,and 5.46–15.84 mg/100g,respectively.The loaf volume,specific volume and oven spring of breads decreased while loaf weight increased with the incorporation of defatted flour.The antioxidant activities of breads containing 15%defatted seed flour increased over that the 100%wheat bread.The ratings for the sensory attributes decreased with the addition of defatted seed flour in the breads.However,the ratings for the sensory qualities of breads containing 5 and 10%defatted seed flours did not differ significantly(P<0.05)from those of the 100%wheat bread.It is concluded that defatted flour from seeds of sweet orange fruits could be used to substitute 10%wheat flour in bread without adversely affecting the qualities of the breads.

橘汁发酵过程中柑橘香气及其贡献化合物的分析

柑橘香气是柑橘果酒重要香气属性之一。为研究柑橘果酒加工过程中柑橘香气形成及影响机制,采用固相萃取法和正向硅胶色谱法结合气相色谱嗅闻仪、气相色谱质谱仪和感官评价对柑橘香气及其贡献化合物和异味物质在橘汁发酵中的变化趋势进行分析。结果表明,从橘汁中共鉴定出29种关键香气物质,主要为果香气、柑橘香气、花香气、清香气和乳脂香气化合物,其中月桂烯、庚醛、柠檬烯、γ-松油烯、癸醇、辛醛、辛醇、香茅醇和橙花醇被鉴定为柑橘香气重要贡献化合物。在橘汁发酵前4 d,柑橘香气强度呈显著增加的趋势,随后显著减弱。Pearson相关性分析显示,柑橘香气强度的变化与柠檬烯、γ-松油烯、辛醇和橙花醇含量增减密切相关(P<0.05)。伴随着柑橘香气化合物含量降低,异丁酸、丁酸、2-甲基丁酸、戊酸、己酸、庚酸和辛酸等酸败刺激性气味物质含量显著增加,这些异味物质对柑橘香气的形成具有显著的遮盖作用。研究结果可为今后柑橘果酒工艺改进及香气品质提升提供一定的理论依据。

Effects of Agro-Ecological Practices on the Productivity of Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) and Soil Fertility in the Sudano-Sahelian Zone of Burkina Faso

This study consisted to evaluate the effects of ecological practices on the yield performance of the JEWEL of orange-fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam). The study was conducted in a Sudano-Sahelian cropping system (Lantargou, eastern region of Burkina Faso). Agro-ecological practices consisted of the inputs of 3.20 t/ha of compost + 2.45 t/ha of wood ash (CO + WA);4.90 t/ha of wood ash (WA);6.40 t/ha of compost (CO) were compared to control with no inputs (T0). Each treatment was repeated four times. The crop management consisted of plowing, harrowing, raising of ridges with 40 cm height, burying of treatments, transplanting of cuttings, two weeding’s, and using of biopesticide called PIOL for crop protection. Composite soil samples per treatment were also collected at tuber harvest and analyzed to determine the effects of treatments on residual soil fertility. Results showed that the plant heights and diameters under the CO were significantly (P < 0.001) improved by 16% and 12% compared to T0. The WA treatment significantly increased the number of large tubers by 43% (P ≤ 0.01) compared to T0. Total tuber numbers, large tuber numbers and tuber yields of sweet potato under CO + WA were significantly (P < 0.001) and respectively improved by 27%, 50% and 31% compared to T0. All treatments increased soil organic matter, N, P and K contents, and reduced soil acidity compared with those obtained under T0. Soil K content was improved by 39% under CO + WA, and soil N content by 34% under WA compared to T0. Soil C/N ratio under CO + WA was reduced by 20% compared others treatments. But, the CO + WA treatment outperformed by improving residual soil N content by 38%, and the WA treatment by increasing soil K content by 50% compared to T0. In addition, soil pHH2O increased by 1.2 units under WA treatment compared to T0. As conclusion, the application of 6.4 t/ha of compost performed well to improve the vegetative growth of orange-fleshed sweet potato while the inputs of 3.2 t/ha of compost + 2.45 t/ha of wood ash were efficacy to significantly increase the tuber yields and improve the residual fertility of soil.

离子液体辅助微波法提取橘皮中黄酮成分

优化离子液体辅助微波法提取橘皮中的黄酮工艺,为进一步提取橘皮中的黄酮类化合物提供依据。将离子液体加入提取溶剂中辅助微波法提取橘皮中的黄酮,依次改变离子液体的种类、浓度、提取溶剂总体积、药材质量比、微波时间、微波温度。以总黄酮提取率为指标,在确定单因素最佳条件基础上结合响应曲面设计优化最佳提取工艺。用HPLC法测定柚皮甙、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷等成分的含量,探究不同提取方法提取橘皮中黄酮的变化规律。最优提取条件为微波功率400 W,m(原料)∶V(提取液)=20 g/mL,V(乙醇)∶V(离子液体)=12,t=50℃,提取橘皮黄酮的提取率预测值为0.196 501%。比较传统方法和离子液体法黄酮中主要成分含量,后者提取率较高。

化橘红提取物在早期糖尿病肾病大鼠中多靶点防治作用的研究

目的探究化橘红提取物在糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)中的多靶点防治作用。方法对大鼠腹腔注射STZ试剂制备DN模型。将90只Wistar实验大鼠分为为正常对照组、模型空白组、贝那普利对照组、化橘红提取物预防组、化橘红提取物低剂量组和化橘红提取物高剂量组。检测各组FBG、HbA1C、U-mA1b、β_(2)-MG、SCr、BUN水平,同时检测SGLT2、AGES、RAGES、TGF-β1的mRNA及蛋白表达水平。结果模型空白组FBG、HbA1C、U-mA1b、β_(2)-MG、BUN水平均较正常对照组升高,SGLT2、AGES、RAGES、TGF-β1的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均较正常对照组升高,中西药物干预后上述指标均较模型空白组降低(P<0.05);其中,中药预防组干预效果最佳。结论化橘红提取物的作用机制可能是通过调节葡萄糖转运蛋白的异常表达、减少糖基化作用而减少TGF-β1表达水平,发挥防治DN、保护肾脏损伤的作用。

基于四甲基联苯胺和吖啶橙间荧光共振能量转移的比率型荧光测定左氧氟沙星

基于3,3’,5,5’(四甲基联苯胺(3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine,TMB)和吖啶橙(AO)之间荧光共振能量转移(FRET),建立了一种快速、低背景干扰、高灵敏度测定盐酸左氧氟沙星(LVF)的新型比率型荧光探针。在pH 5.0 NaAc-HCl缓冲溶液中,在310 nm的光激发下,TMB在350~500 nm处的荧光光谱和AO的吸收光谱重叠。以TMB作为能量供体,AO作为能量受体,构建了FRET体系。根据能量转移理论,该体系的荧光共振能量转移效率为62.5%,供体-受体间距离为2.17 nm,进一步说明TMB和AO之间发生了FRET。当在体系中加入LVF后,TMB将荧光能量转移给LVF,LVF又作为供体将能量转移给AO。LVF在TMB和AO之间起到桥梁作用,LVF将吸收的TMB荧光能量转移给AO,使得TMB荧光强度明显降低,AO的荧光强度则显著增加,从而提高了体系的FRET效率。在最优实验条件下,F546 nm与F402 nm之比与LVF浓度(2~80μmol·L^(-1))之间存在良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为F_(546 nm)/F_(402 nm)=87.916c+3.108,线性相关系数为0.9993,检出限(LOD)为15.7 nmol·L^(-1)。一些常见的阳离子(K^(+),Mg^(2+),Ca^(2+),Cu^(2+),Mn^(2+),Zn^(2+),Co^(2+),Ni^(2+),Cr^(3+)等)、阴离子(F^(-),Br^(-),NO_(3)^(-),IO_(3)^(-),CO_(3)^(2-),SO_(4)^(2-)等)、糖类(葡萄糖,蔗糖和淀粉)、药物(谷胱甘肽,抗坏血酸和异烟肼)和几种氨基酸(甘氨酸,亮氨酸,半胱氨酸等)均不干扰LVF的测定,表明该比率型荧光探针对LVF具有高选择性。该方法用于商用药物制剂中LVF含量的测定,加标回收率在93%~97%之间。该比率型荧光探针在临床研究中对LVF的检测具有较大的应用潜力,为开发一种简便、选择性和灵敏的检测药物制剂中LVF含量的传感器提供了较好的理论依据,同时为提高LVF临床用药的安全性与合理性水平提供了一定的方法。

柑橘皮精油微胶囊制备工艺研究进展

简要介绍了精油微胶囊技术,综述了不同种类柑橘果皮精油微胶囊的制备工艺条件,包括未知品种柑橘类、柑类、橙类、柚类和柠檬,并对柑橘皮精油微胶囊制备工艺的发展进行了展望。

由黄药眠看橙色创造社的文学存在

由黄药眠的革命文学实践以及《黄花岗上》等诗作,可以分析出橙色创造社的存在。橙色创造社在革命文学的洪流中加入了红色创造社的革命文学倡导与实践,同时也救正了红色创造社的一些疏漏与不足,并且以自身的贡献证明了革命文学运动的丰富性和多层次性的内涵。对于创造社来说,橙色创造社还是连接红色创造社与蓝色创造社的重要纽带。即使是在左翼文学运动史上,橙色创造社所起的作用以及所展示的价值也不容低估。橙色创造社开辟了以浪漫、唯美和象征色调表现革命情绪的文学路数,其实是从艺术和审美的角度将革命情绪作个人化、艺术化和审美化处理的一种值得肯定的路数,当然其结果会导致红色革命情绪向橙色情绪淡化、漫漶。

不同质量浓度的槐糖脂对沙糖桔果皮酶活性的影响

应用不同质量浓度的槐糖脂对沙糖桔果实进行浸泡和打孔损伤处理,结果表明,槐糖脂均能提高果实果皮防御酶活性,具有诱导沙糖桔果实抗病性和抗打孔损伤能力;采用复配新型保鲜剂结合31 g/L槐糖脂溶液浸果处理,酶活性诱导效果更为显著。

高温改性钢渣活化过硫酸盐降解甲基橙和苯酚的反应机制

采用高温改性钢渣活化过硫酸盐(peroxymonosulfate,PMS)降解甲基橙(methyl orange,MO)和苯酚(phenol,AR)。考察了改性钢渣投加量、PMS浓度、初始pH值、反应温度对MO和AR降解效果的影响。在改性钢渣质量浓度为9.0 g/L、PMS物质的量浓度为12.0 mmol/L、初始pH值为7.0、反应温度为25℃的条件下,反应90 min,30 mg/L MO和15 mg/L AR的降解率分别达到90.5%和100%。材料表征分析结果表明,高温改性钢渣比表面积增大、孔隙率高、催化氧化PMS性能好,且重复利用仍有较好的原位恢复性能。自由基淬灭和电子顺磁共振波谱实验说明,高温改性钢渣/PMS反应体系存在非自由基(1 O 2)和自由基(SO_(4)^(-)·和·OH),发挥了碱活化PMS和铁氧化物活化PMS的共同作用,最终将MO和AR降解为小分子物质。

电化学氧化法处理甲基橙废水COD的试验研究

采用电化学氧化法处理甲基橙废水,研究了电极电压、电极间距、甲基橙废水浓度、甲基橙废水pH值、NaCl质量浓度、反应时间等因素对废水中化学需氧量(COD)去除率的影响。试验结果表明,在电极间距2.0 cm、电解电压20 V、初始甲基橙溶液pH=3、NaCl质量浓度0.5 g/L、反应时间为30 min的条件下,电化学氧化处理甲基橙废水(质量浓度为500 mg/L,COD为1200 mg/L),其出水COD的去除率可达90%以上,甲基橙废水处理效果良好,方法可行。

海藻酸钠-活性炭固定化藻菌球的制备及其对碱性橙Ⅱ的降解

以海藻酸钠和活性炭为包埋剂、CaCl_(2)为交联剂,采用吸附-包埋法制备了固定化藻菌球,处理偶氮染料碱性橙Ⅱ.通过响应面法优化了制备条件,采用扫描电镜观察了藻菌球外部和内部的结构,并考察了其重复利用性能.结果表明,藻菌球的最佳制备条件为:海藻酸钠、活性炭、CaCl_(2)质量浓度分别为2.58%、0.838%、2%;固定化生物量为1.139%(质量浓度),泥和藻的质量比为2:1;固定化时间为14h.当进水染料浓度在50~250mg/L,进水pH值在6~10.5范围内,脱色率均可达到90%以上,TOC的去除率在74%~90%之间.由紫外-可见全波长扫描图谱和GC-MS扫描图谱可知,碱性橙Ⅱ中的氮氮双键、共轭体系以及苯环结构均被破坏,发生脱色降解反应,实现了对该偶氮染料的矿化.藻菌球经过5次重复利用,仍可保持较高的脱色率和TOC去除率.