Arctic Sea Ice Variations in the First Half of the 20th Century:A New Reconstruction Based on Hydrometeorological Data

The shrinking Arctic sea-ice area(SIA) in recent decades is a striking manifestation of the ongoing climate change.Variations of the Arctic sea ice have been continuously observed by satellites since 1979, relatively well monitored since the 1950s, but are highly uncertain in the earlier period due to a lack of observations. Several reconstructions of the historical gridded sea-ice concentration(SIC) data were recently presented based on synthesized regional sea-ice observations or by applying a hybrid model–empirical approach. Here, we present an SIC reconstruction for the period1901–2019 based on established co-variability between SIC and surface air temperature, sea surface temperature, and sea level pressure patterns. The reconstructed sea-ice data for March and September are compared to the frequently used Had ISST1.1 and SIBT1850 datasets. Our reconstruction shows a large decrease in SIA from the 1920 to 1940 concurrent with the Early 20th Century Warming event in the Arctic. Such a negative SIA anomaly is absent in Had ISST1.1 data. The amplitude of the SIA anomaly reaches about 0.8 mln km^(2) in March and 1.5 mln km^(2) in September. The anomaly is about three times stronger than that in the SIBT1850 dataset. The larger decrease in SIA in September is largely due to the stronger SIC reduction in the western sector of the Arctic Ocean in the 70°–80°N latitudinal zone. Our reconstruction provides gridded monthly data that can be used as boundary conditions for atmospheric reanalyses and model experiments to study the Arctic climate for the first half of the 20th century.

Ecological Discourse Analysis Based on the Corpus-A Case Study on the Environmental Discourse of 21st Century

Language learning materials not only provide language input for learners but also subtly disseminate ideology and influence readers’behavior.This study,based on the framework of ecological discourse analysis,quantitatively analyzes and qualitatively describes the ecological significance of environmental texts in the 21st Century.The aim is to provide references for the compilation of environmental discourse in language learning materials,promote the construction of more ecologically beneficial discourse,and facilitate the widespread dissemination of the ecological philosophy of“Diversity and Harmony,Interaction and Co-existence”among young readers.The initial findings of this study are as follows:In the environmental texts of the publication,a large number of relational processes and action processes are used to objectively represent the natural environment;the discourse tends to be ambiguous and beneficial,generally aligning with the ecological philosophy of“Diversity and Harmony,Interaction and Co-existence.”This can guide readers to correctly understand and face environmental issues,which is conducive to the healthy development of natural ecosystems.

Century Clot在大咯血输血中的指导价值研究

目的 探讨Century Clot在大咯血输血中的指导价值。方法 选取收治60例大咯血患者。随机分为研究组和对照组各30例,除原有治疗方案外,研究组行centuryclot指导输血;对照组行凝血四项及血常规指导输血。比较两组咯血停止时间、治疗后总咯血量及输血总量,比较两组治疗前后的凝血功能(包含TT、PT、APTT以及FIB)及凝血功能监测的准确率。结果 研究组咯血停止时间短于对照组,总咯血量及总输血量低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组凝血功能无明显差异(P>0.05);治疗后,两组TT、PT及APTT水平均低于治疗前,且研究组均低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,两组FIB均高于治疗前,且研究组高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组误诊率及漏诊率均低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),准确率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 通过Centuryclot指导大咯血患者输血,不仅可精准止血,还可以有效改善患者凝血功能,减少咯血量及节约血制品。

基于CENTURY模型的甘南高寒草甸过去50年的碳收支时空分布分析

化石燃料的燃烧和土地的过度使用等人类活动使得空气中的温室气体浓度不断增加,进一步加剧了气候变化,已成为人类不得不面对和解决的问题。甘南高寒草甸对气候变化十分敏感,对陆地生态系统而言,发挥着重要的作用。以甘南高寒草甸为研究对象,选用CENTURY模型研究了甘南高寒草甸过去50年碳收支的空间分布及其变化对改善气候变化具有重要意义。研究表明:(1)不同地区的碳收支呈现出不同的分布特征;(2)碳收支的空间分布随时间变化而变化,具体表现为各研究阶段碳收支的空间分布不同且各季度的空间分布也不相同。春季甘南北部局部地区呈现碳源,夏、秋、冬三季度均表现为碳汇,秋季碳汇量最大,达到226.94 g·m^(-2)·a^(-1)。碳收支的空间分布会随时间变化,各阶段有所不同,但整体上都呈现为碳汇;(3)从1969年到2018年,甘南高寒草甸整体上呈现碳汇现象,碳收支状况良好;(4)在每年中,碳汇量呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,8月的碳汇量最大。

基于CENTURY模型的张掖草地土壤有机碳模拟及影响因素研究

研究草地土壤有机碳的时空分布及影响因素有利于推动区域生态系统碳汇管理,对实现“双碳”目标有重要意义。以张掖草地为研究对象,运用CENTURY模型模拟张掖草地土壤有机碳密度,采用结构方程模型分析各环境因子对草地土壤有机碳的作用路径及强度。结果表明:1970—2022年土壤总有机碳密度呈增长趋势,与缓性及惰性土壤有机碳的变化趋势较为一致;有机碳密度呈现东南高,西北低的空间分布格局;总有机碳密度的高值区主要是肃南县的东南部与民乐县,高台、临泽、甘州区相对较低;海拔、年降水量对土壤总有机碳密度存在正效应,而年均温度、土壤含水量、pH值是负效应。年均温度的直接效应最大,海拔通过影响降水、温度和pH值等间接影响土壤有机碳密度,降水量对土壤有机碳密度不仅有直接影响,还会通过影响土壤含水量、pH值等间接影响土壤有机碳密度。

基于CENTURY模型的甘南高寒草甸土壤氮动态模拟研究

【目的】为明确甘南高寒草甸土壤氮素的时空变化特征及影响因素。【方法】基于CENTURY模型模拟1971-2020年甘南高寒草甸土壤有机氮及矿质氮含量,并以此为依据实现研究区土壤氮素时空分布的可视化。运用经典统计学及地统计学分析方法,揭示甘南高寒草甸土壤氮素时空变异特征。在此基础上,运用相关分析及结构方程模型探讨各环境因子对甘南高寒草甸土壤氮素的影响,从而确定甘南高寒草甸土壤氮素的主要影响因子。【结果】1971-2020年研究区土壤有机氮均具有中等空间变异性。土壤有机氮最高值为2000年的714.054 g/m^(2),土壤矿质氮最高值出现在1993年的13.257 g/m^(2)。在空间分布上,甘南高寒草甸土壤总有机氮及总矿质氮呈现出由西向东逐渐递减趋势,且土壤总矿质氮含量随着土壤深度增加而显著减少。【结论】土壤氮素与环境因子相关分析及结构方程模型结果表明,降水量、海拔、土壤有机质含量及粉粒含量对土壤有机氮及矿质氮含量为正效应。砂粒含量及温度对土壤有机氮及矿质氮含量的作用为负效应。

基于CENTURY模型的甘肃草地固碳潜力对气候因子和二氧化碳浓度升高的响应

气候变化对草地碳循环的影响日益严峻,研究运用本地参数化后的CENTURY模型和1989—2018年甘肃省77个站点的气象观测数据,选用生产指标净生态系统生产力(NEP)和生态指标土壤有机碳(SOC)为主要研究对象,检验模型适用性、利用统计分析方法和ArcGIS软件分析30年气候数据时空分布格局和气候变化对草地碳循环的影响机制。同时根据IPCC第五次评估报告对气候变化的预测设计了3种气候情境,预估未来气候变化条件下,NEP和SOC的时空变化特征,并与实际情景进行对比分析。结果表明,过去30年年际NEP和SOC整体呈现波动下降的趋势,NEP以每年14.23 gC·m^(-2)·a^(-1)的速度减小,1989—2018年的NEP均大于零,表现为碳汇;SOC以每年55.41 gC·m^(-2)的速度减小,正在逐年流失。温度、降水是影响NEP和SOC的主要因素,NEP与温度显著正相关,与降水有较弱的正相关,SOC与温度显著负相关,与降水有较弱的负相关。在未来气候情景中,气温升高和降水波动增大是导致NEP和SOC变化的主要原因,且CO_(2)浓度加倍时,单独的气温升高会导致NEP显著增加,SOC显著降低;单独的降水波动增大对NEP和SOC的影响不大。在甘肃北方干旱地区,降水成为主要限制因子。

＂A Perfect Heroine in Foreign Travel.＂ Female Mobile Identities and Southern Italy in the 19th Century Non-feminist Periodical Press

This essay focuses on the interaction between the publication of female travel writing about the South of Italy in non-feminist 19th century British periodicals, and the circulation of a transgressive model of femininity centred on the concepts of mobility, vitality and visibility. The choice of Southern Italy, an anti-tourist destination that since the era of the Grand Tour had been considered dangerous for men, let alone for women, magnifies female heroic attitudes and contaminates female conventional domestic purity enhancing the concept of an unfixed female identity. The publication of a travelogue, a mostly non-fictional genre, on an innovative and reactive medium, was a manifest act of transgression with respect to fixed social order, which gave visibility and credibility to a different model of femininity, an anti-Angel icon. A new form of narration displays adventurous women able to cross the private sphere and to write/publish authentic accounts of their transitional experience in a public, male-dominated sphere.

The Heritage of Herodotus： Travel and Travel Writing in 19th Century Britain

The proliferation of travel literature brought the wider world to the doors of English homes and generated an interest in exotic cultures, ancient civilizations, and foreign wares. The number of travellers and traveller＇s tales greatly increased after the end of the Napoleonic Wars and one destination that was particulary alluring was the biblical land of ancient Egypt. This paper examines British travelers to Egypt and how their published works both revealed and constructed a particular view of Egypt during the 19th century. Travel and travel literature accompanied and even facilitated the developing disciplines of archaeology and Egyptology, increasing the knowledge of and interest in the world of the Ancient Near East. This corpus of writing, often with its accompanying illustrations, also served to create a fabricated illusion of the biblical world, fashioned from both ancient and contemporary Egypt.

CNPC-Alberta Further StrengtheningCooperation & Training in 21st Century

TheFirstSessionoftheSecondBoardofDirectorsMeetingofCAPC(CNPCAlbertaPetroleumCenter)washeldfromOctober12to13inBeijing.AssistantpresidentofCNPC.Mr.ShiXunzhi.thenewlyappointedCAPCpresidenttookthechairofthemeeting.Thenewboardiscomposedof13membersofsenior...

Displomacy and Foreign Trade laying New Look of Motherland, Enhancing Foreign Interflow and Spurring Dip HALF A CENTURY OF CCPI' OVERSEAS EXHIBITIONS

Fifty years ago, just after the foundingof new China, the Chinese Governmentwas invited to participate in twointernational industrial fairs in India andPakistan. The 30 member delegationbrought exhibits of metallurgy,machinery, chemicals, textiles,

On the Development of China's Thermal Power in the 21st Century while Saving the Energy and Protecting the Environment

In light of China s Ninth Five-year Plan (1996-2000) for Electric Power Industry & the Long Term Targets by the Year 2010, the paper considers the strategy for developing China’s thermal power in the 21st century shall be the efficiency and cleaning technology of coal use. Especially important is the structure of power sources and configuration of technology process, and secondly the implementation of energy saving and environmental protection ideology in the various stages of thermal power construction and design work.

How China Will Feed Herself in the Next Century

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Restoring 20th Century Architecture:Few Words about a Possible Theory

The restoration of twentieth-century architecture has led the discipline to develop a solid theory which,considering the complexity of new issues to be resolved,can provide useful instruments,above all critical ones,for operational practice.

Women in the Musical Culture of Danzig in the First Half of the 20th Century

The musical culture of pre-war Danzig/Gdansk remains an area that is not well enough recognized in the scholarly literature.Numerous traces of this musical life are preserved in the collections of the Gdansk Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences.The collection ranges from scholarly publications and scores to an extensive number of concert programs and posters.The collection testifies to the dynamism and diversity of the city’s pre-war musical life.Notable among the collected materials is the role of female figures-composers,singers,and instrumentalists who made significant contributions to the shape of Gdansk musical life.In this article,I will present forgotten profiles of musically committed women:Martha Reincke,Ella Mertins,and Lotte Prins.In light of the surviving materials,it can be assumed that they were significant figures in the musical culture and social life of the city.

Research as a Veritable Tool for Enhancing Students’ Job Creation in the 21st Century University Education

This study explores the role of research as a tool for enhancing students’job creation in the context of 21st-century university education.The survey research design was the approach used for this investigation.The researcher created a questionnaire to collect pertinent data for the study from 200 respondents.The questionnaire was duly validated by 3 experts.The internal reliability of the instrument was examined in this study using Cronbach’s alpha(α).Cronbach’s alpha method is able to determine the correlation between the outcomes of each test item and the test’s total score.Google Forms was used to deliver the survey to the respondents electronically.A statistical package was used to calculate the mean and standard deviation.The study hypotheses were also investigated using inferential statistics(t-test)with 198 degrees of freedom and a 0.05 threshold of significance.To determine whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis,the critical value and estimated t-value are compared.Findings suggest that research-oriented education positively impacts students’ability to create job opportunities in the 21st century.Engaging in research projects fosters critical thinking,creativity,and adaptability among students,enabling them to identify and capitalize on emerging trends and market gaps.Furthermore,the study reveals the significance of university-industry collaborations and mentorship programs in enhancing students’entrepreneurial skills and connecting them with practical resources and networks.The implications of this research are significant for educational policymakers,university administrators,and curriculum developers,as it underscores the importance of incorporating research as an integral component of 21st-century university education.

论习近平法治思想对中华优秀传统法律文化的传承创新——基于党的二十大报告关于依法治国的视角

习近平法治思想坚持赓续我们党百余年法治和深刻传承中华法治几千年恢宏壮丽法治史中的精华,深刻体现了“中国之治”的文化自信,是弘扬中国特色社会主义法治文化的典范。习近平法治思想重视从中华优秀传统法律文化中汲取“奉法强国”的信念、全面依法治国的智慧和治国理政的经验,探寻强化法治生命力的路径。面对百年变局叠加世纪疫情,全球治理体系和国际秩序变革异常激烈,国际法治遭遇强烈挑战。习近平法治思想在中国法治和国际治理的实践中,坚持知古鉴今,弘扬中华法治智慧、吸收世界法治文明精华;资政育人,“中国方案”“中国之治”“中国智慧”既充分彰显国际法治的正道、顺应历史发展潮流、增进国际社会民生福祉,又更加增强中华法治自信,彰显中华优秀传统法律文化的时代特色。习近平法治思想把以人民为中心作为法治中国建设的基本立场,从中华优秀传统法律文化中汲取法治中国建设的不竭动力,是引领法治中国建设的思想旗帜和强劲动力源,是打破“西方中心论”长期遏制中国法治理论话语权的有力武器。新时代,推进法治中国建设,应坚持以习近平法治思想为指引,聚焦中国式现代化的法治新课题,把握好习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的世界观和方法论,深耕中华优秀传统法律文化,使其成为推进全面依法治国的智慧和力量源泉。

17-18世纪朝鲜王朝委巷文人诗社考辨

委巷文人是一个与两班文人相对的概念,构成较为复杂,既有来自朝鲜朝中人阶层的译官、医官、画员等,也有来自于最底层的奴婢、胥吏等。学界认为,17-18世纪委巷文人诗社主要有:枕流台诗社、三清洞诗社、洛社、松石园诗社,但以上并非皆可称为诗社。其中枕流台诗社当改为枕流台唱酬;三清洞诗社当改为三清洞诗会;洛社虽非严格意义上的诗社,但是初具诗社的雏形,可以继续沿用该名称;松石园诗社是朝鲜王朝第一个正式的委巷文人诗社。委巷文人通过社集的方式联络感情、寻找阶层归属感,亦编撰了委巷诗人诗选,委巷文人社会力量的壮大与社集密不可分。

21世纪马克思主义释义

开放性是马克思主义具有的本质特征之一,在其不断发展的过程中,与各国实际相结合,与时代特征相适应,促进其本土化发展,并保持其生命活力。21世纪马克思主义是世界社会主义的创新成果、崭新阶段,它以马克思主义为模版,体现了守正创新、与时俱进的基本特征;在指导中国式现代化建设道路上秉承根植中国、胸怀天下的原则;面对“两个大局”的时代主题,发挥着解释世界、引领世界的重要作用。充分理解21世纪马克思主义的具体含义,有助于更好地运用与发展该理论。

《21世纪资本论》中的教育与社会平等关系问题探讨

托马斯·皮凯蒂的《21世纪资本论》认为,资本的回报率高于经济的增长率是导致社会不平等的根源。教育对于降低收入不平等起着关键性的作用,但并非充分条件。教育促进收入平等需要有市场开放、经费充足和政府高效等外部条件。提升教育质量,重视职业培训,具备良好的教育政策,扩大教育民主,实现教育平等是教育促进收入平等的内在要求。皮凯蒂认为当前英美等发达国家教育并未很好地起到促进社会平等的作用。而批评者们认为皮凯蒂对社会不平等的分析过于简单,忽视教育商品化,存在以偏概全的方法论缺陷等。皮凯蒂观点的启示在于,教育不仅是经济不平等的承受者,也是不平等的改变者;教育不是技能不匹配的唯一根源;要重视教育改变社会不平等的内外制度建设;正确应对技术发展的两面性;要构建中国特色社会主义教育现代化体系。