Experimental study on shear properties and resistivity change of soil-rock mixture

The deterioration of shear resistance in rock and soil masses has resulted in numerous severe natural disasters,highlighting the significance of long-term monitoring for disaster prevention and mitigation.This study explores the use of a non-destructive method to quickly and accurately evaluate the shear properties of soil-rock mixture.The shear stress,shear strain,and resistivity of the soil-rock mixture were tested simultaneously using a combination of direct shear and resistivity tests.The test results show that the resistivity of the soil-rock mixture gradually decreases with increasing shear strain.The resistivity of all specimens ranged approximately from 60 to 130Ω.m throughout the shear process.At the end of the shear test,the vertical failure resistivity showed an irregular“W”shape with increasing rock content.It exhibited a significant negative linear functional relationship with the shear strength.With reference to the determination of cohesion and internal friction angle on the shear strength envelope,the horizontal angle of the vertical failure resistivity-normal stress curve is defined as the resistivity angle,and the intercept of the curve is the resistivity at the initial moment of shear.It has been observed that the resistivity angle is negatively and linearly correlated with the internal friction angle.At the same time,there is a linear growth relationship between resistivity at the initial moment of shear and cohesion.It has been demonstrated that an increase in rock content contributes to a general escalation in both the average structure factor and average shape factor.Meanwhile,a decrease in the anisotropy coefficient has also been noted.These alterations are indicative of the extent of microstructural transformations occurring during the deformation process of the soil-rock mixture.The research results verify the feasibility of real-time deformation monitoring and characterization of shear strength parameters using resistivity.

Multiscale Study on Low Temperature Crack Resistance Mechanism of Steel Slag Asphalt Mixture

The objective of this paper was to study low temperature crack resistance mechanism of steel slag asphalt mixture(SAM).Thermal stress restrained specimen test(TSRST)and three-point bending test were carried out to evaluate the low-temperature crack resistance of SAM and basalt asphalt mixture(BAM).Based on the digital image correlation technique(DIC),the strain field distribution and crack propagation of SAM were analyzed from the microscopic point of view,and a new index,crack length factor(C),was proposed to evaluate the crack resistance of the asphalt mixture.The crystal phase composition and microstructure of steel slag aggregate(SA)and basalt aggregate(BA)were studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)to explore the low-temperature crack resistance mechanism of SAM.Results show that the low-temperature crack resistance of SAM is better than that of BAM;SAM has good integrity and persistent elastic deformation,and its bending failure mode is a hysteretic quasi-brittle failure;The SA surface is evenly distributed with pores and has surface roughness.SA has the composition phase of alkaline aggregate-calcite(CaCO3),so it has good adhesion to asphalt,which reveals the mechanism of excellent low-temperature crack resistance of SAM.

Cultivar Mixture Cooperation(CMC)of rice varieties(lines) with different blast resistant gene

We studied Cultivar Mixture Cooperation(CMC)of rice varieties(lines)by screening mixture ofrice varieties which possess different genes,1983-1996.

Shear resistance properties of TPS modified bitumen binders and asphalt mixtures

Shear resistance properties of the virgin bitumen and modified bitumen binders with Tafpack Super(TPS) modifier and SBS modified bitumen were discussed.Dynamic shear rheometer(DSR) was used to measure the laboratory creep data for these binders over a wide range of constant shear stresses at 20 ℃ to characterize the shear creep behaviors of all kinds of asphalt binders,and the rutting test system was used to investigate the permanent deformation of porous asphalt mixtures using the above bitumen binders for a fixed compressive stress.The shear strain rate and shear creep modulus were used to characterize the shear creep behavior of the TPS modified bitumen,and the rutting test results were used to show the consistency of porous asphalt mixtures with the bitumen binders.Results indicate that a distinction of shear creep strain can be made among different contents of TPS modified bitumen at the same stress level,where the shear creep strain-time response curve of the SBS modified bitumen binder is between the curves of the 8% TPS and 12% TPS modified bitumen binders.The shear strain rate and the shear creep modulus of the TPS modified bitumen binders are obtained to compare with those of the SBS modified bitumen binder which results in the same trend as the shear creep strain-time response curve.Permanent deformation results of all the porous asphalt mixtures from the rutting test show reasonable agreement with the findings of the shear strain rates and shear creep modulus over the range of shear stress levels.

A review on evaluation of crack resistance of asphalt mixture by semi-circular bending test

Although there are many kinds of fracture tests to choose from in evaluating the crack resistance of asphalt mixture,the semi-circular bending(SCB)test has attracted a lot of attention in the academic road engineering community because of its simplicity,stability,and flexibility in testing and evaluation.The SCB test has become a common method to study the cracking resistance of asphalt mixture in recent years.This paper mainly summarizes the overview of the SCB test,summarizes some research results and common characterization parameters of the SCB test method in monotone test and fatigue test in recent years,and predicts and suggests the research direction of the SCB test in the future.It is found that the research on the monotonic SCB test is more comprehensive,and the research on the SCB fatigue test needs to be further improved in the aspects of loading mode,characterization parameter selection,and so on.Researchers can flexibly adjust the geometric dimensions and the test parameters of semi-cylindrical specimens,and conduct comprehensive analysis combined with the results of numerical simulation.The crack resistance of asphalt mixture can be comprehensively evaluated by fracture energy,fracture toughness,stiffness,flexibility index and other fracture indicators,combined with the crack propagation of the specimen.The analysis of numerical simulation can confirm the test results.In order to standardize the setting of fatigue parameters for future application,it is necessary to standardize the setting of bending performance.

Development of Marker-Free Transgenic Cry1Ab Rice with Lepidopteran Pest Resistance by Agrobacterium Mixture-Mediated Co-transformation

CrylAb gene was transformed into four rice varieties, Zhejing 22, Zhejing 27, Jiahua 1 and Xiushui 63 mediated by Agrobacterium-mixture co-transformation. Rice genotype had an important effect on callus induction and transformation efficiency. Different mixtures of Agrobacterium strains （EHA105 and EHA101） contained Hpt and CrylAb genes resulted in different frequencies of resistant calli. There was no correlation between the frequency of transformants with the ratio of the Agrobacterium strain mixture contained Hpt and CrylAb genes. A total of 509 transgenic plants were obtained from the four rice varieties, and 272 T2 progenies were analyzed for CrylAb and Hpt genes. PCR analysis revealed that 412 regenerated plants were Hpt positive （80.94%）, 62 plants were also CrylAb co-transformants （15.05% in total frequency）, and 42 plants among the 272 T2 progenies were CrylAb positive but Hpt negative. This suggests that marker-free transgenic plants could be produced by co-transformation mediated by mixed Agrobacterium strains with the selectable marker gene and target gene Southern blot analysis of five independent marker-free T2 transgenic lines co-transformed from Zhejing 22 showed that CrylAb gene had been inserted into rice genome with a single copy. The transgenic plants showed significantly stronger resistance to lepidopteron than the non-transgenic plants under no application of insecticides against lepidopteron.

Design of Small Stone Asphalt Mixture based on Anti-skidding Performance

Small stone asphalt mixture（SSAM） was designed by Bailey method and coarse aggregate voids-filling method.The optimum asphalt content was determined by Marshal test.Surface texture depth for SSAM with different voidage,and the BPN of SSAM and SMA before after wet track abrasion were measured.The experimental results indicate that the surface texture depth increases with the decreasing of asphalt aggregate ratio.The SSAM with the optimal asphalt content has a good skid resistance.BPN of asphalt mixture decreases with the increasing of wearing time,but the extent of reduction is different.The reduction rate of BPN for SSAM is smaller than that of SMA,indicating that SSAM has a good skid resistance attenuation capacity.Finally,the other properties of SSAM are also evaluated,showing that the splitting strength and modulus and SSAM are higher than those of SMA,and the other properties of SSAM,such as high-temperature performance and water stability can also satisfy the technical requirements.

Effect of granite gravel content on improved granular mixtures as railway subgrade fillings

The improved granular mixtures are widely used as the fillings of railway 8ubgrade, and in order to investigate the effect of coarse grain content on granular mixtures, a series of field tests were conducted. The experimental results indicate that the permeability coefficient increases significantly with the increment of granite gravel content, especially in the range of 60%-70%. Thcrc exists a coarse grain content limit defined as 53%-58.5% to reform the permeable granular skeleton. Beyond this limit, the permeable granular skeleton is efficiently formed, and the macro pores between the separate gravels are partially filled, which is the explanation lbr the permeability increase. The investigations indicate the subgrade resistance modulus （ks0, Ev2, and Evd） depends on the granite gravel content, and the resistance modulus increases significantly beyond granite gravel content of 50%. The skeletons of granitc gravel clayey sand mixture change in the long-term deformation objected to the train-induced dynamic load, which involves three main repeated and circular deformation stages. Generally, the long-time deformation is explained as the gravel crushing and filling the internal porous space with crushed gravel fragments. Through these investigations, the C40-G60 or C30-G70 is recommended as an optimum soil mixture for the good permeability and high resistance modulus.

High-Temperature Deformation and Low-Temperature Fracture Behavior of Steel Slag Rubber Asphalt Mixture Surface Layer

Steel slag is regarded as one of the most widespread solid by-products of steel smelting with little commercial value.It can play a vital role in the construction industry especially in the field of transportation infrastructure construction.However,there are few evaluation systems established on the high-temperature deformation and low-temperature fracture behavior of steel slag rubber asphalt mixture(SSRAM).This study explores the perfor-mance of SSRAM by uniaxial penetration test,Semi-Circular Bending(SCB)test and evaluates test data through regression analysis.The uniaxial penetration test results shows that the failure deformation of SSRAM increases with the increase of steel slag content.According to the minimum allowable permanent deformation(R TS-min),the deformation of SSRAM should be controlled within 3 mm.Meanwhile,the cracking index of the SSRAM surface layer calculated at low temperature can meet the design requirements.The SCB test results show that the stress peak degradation rate(specimens with 10 mm notch are compared with 0 mm)of SSRAM with 40%steel slag content is 20.04%.That means proper steel slag content makes the stress peak degradation rate of SSRAM reaches the lowest value.The calculation results of fracture energy density(J_(1C))show that the steel slag additive reduced the fracture energy density of SSRAM.However,it is still proved that SSRAM with 40%steel slag has the best low-temperature fracture performance based on critical fracture toughness(K_(1C))and fracture stress peak.Further-more,the crack propagation velocity parametric equation of SSRAM is proposed through fracture mechanics theory and the increase of velocity is exponential.Considering the high-temperature deformation resistance and low-temperature fracture property,the SSRAM surface layer with 40%steel slag content showed a batter application potential.

Preparation and Corrosion Resistance of Anodic Oxidation Coatings on 2198 and 5A90 Al-Li Alloys

2198 and 5A90 Al-Li alloys were anodized with a constant DC potential in 18%H_2SO_4solution(Solu.A) and the mixture solution of 18%H_2SO_4+5%C_2H_2O_4(Solu.B) at room temperature. 12 and 11 V was optimized as the applied oxidation potential for 2198 and 5A90 alloys, respectively. Cross-sectional morphology, surface morphology and elements distribution of anodic oxidation coatings were observed by scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis(SEM/EDX). Corrosion resistance was tested by potentiodynamic polarization plot in 3.5%NaCl solution. The results showed that the thicknesses of coatings obtained at the selected potential in Solu.A and Solu.B were about 50 μm/110 μm for 2198 alloy and 80 μm/110 μm for 5A90 alloy. In both solutions, anodic oxidation coatings of 2198 alloy were primarily composed of Al oxides; those of 5A90 alloy were mainly consisted of Al oxides and a small amount of Mg oxides. The results of potentiodynamic polarization showed that anodic oxidation coatings of 2198 and 5A90 Al-Li alloys had better corrosion resistances than that of untreated alloys.

钢渣热阻沥青路面的抗车辙性能研究

为了研究钢渣替代天然集料对沥青混合料高温抗车辙性能的影响,首先,用钢渣等体积替代玄武岩粗集料制备了不同钢渣掺量沥青混合料,对其热物性参数进行了测试,并通过室内等效热辐射试验对钢渣沥青混合料降温效果进行评价;其次,采用数值模拟方法分析了不同钢渣掺量沥青路面面层对温度场分布的影响,并利用单轴静载蠕变试验获取沥青混合料蠕变参数,建立基于上述温度场的车辙分析模型,对钢渣沥青路面的抗车辙性能进行评价。结果表明,钢渣的掺入使沥青混合料的导热系数降低,比热容增大,变化幅度最大可以达到40%以上;随着钢渣掺量增大,路表温度小幅度上升,而中下面层温度逐渐降低,其中4 cm深度处降温效果最为明显;当钢渣掺量为100%时,温度相较于纯玄武岩沥青路面降低了3.4℃,而75%掺量沥青混合料钢渣的车辙变形量最小,相较于玄武岩沥青混合料下降幅度达到43%,可有效提高路面抗车辙性能。

不同纤维增韧环氧沥青混合料性能

为探究不同种类纤维(玄武岩纤维、玻璃纤维和聚酯纤维)对环氧沥青混合料抗开裂和耐疲劳性能的提升效果,在混合料配比设计的基础上,采用车辙试验、低温小梁试验、浸水马歇尔试验以及冻融劈裂试验等对其进行路用性能测试。通过冲击试验,探究纤维对环氧沥青混合料的三种增韧效果:在环氧沥青混合料中添加纤维可以不同程度提高其路用性能;低温性能再加入纤维后,提升效果较为明显;添加玄武岩纤维路用性能优于玻璃纤维和聚酯纤维。

基于内聚力模型的再生沥青混合料低温断裂性能研究

内聚力模型(CZM)在沥青混凝土开裂研究中得到了广泛应用,但采用内聚力模型对再生沥青混凝土断裂的研究还很少。本文采用随机算法和坐标控制法建立包含旧集料和新集料的再生沥青混合料半圆弯拉模型,将模型分为集料同分布模型和集料随机分布模型两类。研究-10℃时不同RAP掺量(0、25%、50%、75%、100%,质量分数)对再生沥青混合料SCB试件应力强度因子K_(IC)、断裂能G_(F)和抗裂指数I_(CR)的影响。研究结果表明:无RAP掺入的SCB试件具有较好的断裂性能;随着RAP掺量增大,应力强度因子K_(IC)、断裂能G_(F)和抗裂指数I_(CR)均减小,表明RAP的掺入会削弱沥青混合料的低温断裂性能;采用有限元模型得到的断裂参数与室内试验结果一致;相比于集料同分布模型,集料随机分布模型各评价指标的变异性系数整体更大,表明集料分布状态对开裂结果有一定影响;当计算样本足够多时,这两类模型获得的抗裂参数变化规律一致,可有效评价再生沥青混合料断裂性能。

PAM-10/OGFC-10沥青混合料渗水性能对比研究

【目的】探讨多孔沥青混合料PAM-10与开级配排水沥青混合料OGFC-10渗水性能的差异,为排水路面沥青混合料类型的选取提供一定的参考。【方法】对空隙率为12.5%、14.0%、15.5%、17.0%的PAM-10及空隙率为22.0%的OGFC-10沥青混合料试件开展连通空隙率试验、计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)空隙内部特征试验、竖向渗透系数试验、抗冲刷性及抗堵塞性试验,对比分析两种排水沥青混合料的渗水性能。【结果】PAM-10的内部空隙结构比OGFC-10的更容易形成连通空隙;空隙率为17.0%的PAM-10竖向渗透系数与空隙率为22.0%的OGFC-10的相当;动水冲刷对OGFC-10的影响大于对PAM-10的影响;OGFC-10的抗堵塞性能比PAM-10的差。【结论】PAM-10的竖向渗透性、抗冲刷性能及抗堵塞性能均比OGFC-10的更优。

改性钢渣-沥青混合料的性能及机理

采用甲基硅酸钠溶液、二氧化硅胶体溶液、聚丙烯酸酯乳液对钢渣进行浸泡改性处理,通过性能测试、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、声发射等测试方法研究了改性钢渣的物理、力学性能,改性钢渣-沥青混合料的性能,钢渣的改性机理和改性钢渣-沥青混合料的抗裂机理。结果表明,4.75~19 mm钢渣经1%~4%浓度溶剂改性后,物理性能得到明显改善;经3%浓度溶剂改性后的钢渣制备的改性钢渣-沥青混合料的体积稳定性较未改性钢渣-沥青混合料(RSAM)提高了27.92%~39.09%;改性钢渣表面包裹着不同状态的不溶于水的改性保护层,经二氧化硅改性后的钢渣(SMS)表面呈现出致密的层状结构且保持表面粗糙,改性效果最优;二氧化硅改性钢渣-沥青混合料(SMSAM)的裂纹宽度减小,主裂纹出现的时间较晚,SMS对SMSAM的断裂破坏起到了一定的减缓作用,提高了混合料的抗开裂性能。

粗集料接触配位参数影响下沥青混合料的抗断裂特性研究

为探究细观骨架优化对沥青混合料抗断裂性能的影响,研究了细观尺度下主骨架粗集料的接触特性与沥青混合料抗断裂性能的关系。基于颗粒堆积理论与细观接触力学,修正了表征主骨架结构细观接触特征的粗集料接触配位参数(C_(npcf)),并设计了九种具有不同细观结构的级配。基于半圆弯试验(SCB)确定了合理的抗断裂性能评价指标,采用Python编程实现SCB试验后试件表面的数字图像协同处理,在细观尺度探究了不同C_(npcf)下断裂扩展的规律。最后,根据灰熵理论,综合分析了不同结构特征参数与断裂性能的灰关联性。结果表明,沥青混合料的强度、能量指标,随着C_(npcf)增加呈现先增后减的趋势。当C_(npcf)=7.35时,沥青混合料的抗断裂性能(σm=1.18 MPa,G f=3003.4 J/m 2,CRI=509.1)更优。随着加载位移的增加,裂缝面积和长度呈线性扩展,但在不同C_(npcf)下显著开裂时的加载位移并不一致。控制C_(npcf)于7.2~7.6之间,将能有效增强混合料抵抗断裂扩张的能力。不同温度条件下C_(npcf)在能量和强度层面与抗断裂性能均具有强灰关联,这为在细观结构尺度优化沥青混合料性能提供了新思路。

中药混合液对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的体外抗菌作用的研究

目的探究中药混合液对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Sureus,MRSA)的体外抗菌作用。方法选取2022年1月—2023年6月江苏省启东市中医院检验科临床分离的40株MRSA。万古霉素、中药混合液对MRSA的体外最低抑菌浓度(Minimum Inhibitory Concentration,MIC)值采用微量肉汤稀释法测定;用K-B纸片扩散法测定万古霉素和中药混合液对MRSA的抑菌效果,探究不同药物浓度对MRSA抑菌活性的影响。结果万古霉素MIC值为(1.56±0.55)mg/L,低于中药混合液的(1.63±0.62)mg/mL,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。万古霉素抑菌圈直径为(20.56±0.87)mm,优于中药混合液的(19.89±0.73)mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。抑菌圈直径大小随浓度增加而增大且中药混合液各浓度抑菌圈直径均大于万古霉素,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论中药混合液对MRSA的体外最低抑菌浓度极低,可以有效抑制耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的生长。

MU10再生混凝土承重砌块力学性能与抗冻性试验研究

为进一步提高废弃混凝土利用率,促进严寒地区应用再生混凝土承重砌块,在分析再生骨料物理性能的基础上,考虑了100%再生粗骨料取代率、水胶比、用水量及粉煤灰掺量的影响,采用正交试验设计了C30再生混凝土配合比来制备MU10再生混凝土承重砌块,通过分析MU10再生混凝土承重砌块的力学性能,确定了MU10再生混凝土承重砌块的最佳配合比,利用环境模拟箱验证了MU10再生混凝土承重砌块的抗冻性。结果表明:再生骨料与天然骨料相比表面较粗糙,附着部分旧水泥砂浆,具有低密度,高孔隙率、吸水率和含泥量,压碎指标是天然骨料的两倍左右;MU10再生混凝土承重砌块的最佳配合比为再生粗骨料1 172 kg/m^(3)、天然河砂578 kg/m^(3)、水泥400 kg/m^(3)、粉煤灰100 kg/m^(3)、水150 kg/m^(3),其抗压强度为11.4 MPa,抗折强度为2.1 MPa,可用于承重及有抗震要求的砌体结构;经过50次冻融循环后,MU10再生混凝土承重砌块的质量损失为1.2%、强度损失为18.1%,抗冻性能符合要求,可以作为严寒地区新型墙体材料使用。

基于传热阻力的超临界CO_(2)-Xe混合工质对流换热特性数值分析

超临界CO_(2)-Xe混合工质在新型超临界布雷顿循环发电系统中具有潜在应用前景,然而其传热行为并未受到广泛关注。该文通过数值方法探究超临界CO_(2)-Xe混合工质在内径8 mm垂直圆管内的换热特性,并讨论氙气(Xe)质量分数、热流密度和质量流速对传热的影响规律。根据超临界流体跨越类临界温度Tpc发生类相变的观点,将圆管内流体域划分为两层结构,即近壁类气膜和核心类液区,两层结构过渡于Tpc。基于类气膜和类液区引起的传热阻力及二者对传热影响的相对重要性阐述CO_(2)-Xe混合工质传热机理。结果表明:类气膜的热阻显著高于类液相,是控制对流换热系数及传热恶化发生的决定性因素;ω(Xe)越大,相同运行参数下CO_(2)-Xe混合工质热阻越大,换热能力越差。研究结果对超临界CO_(2)-Xe混合工质换热器设计具有一定指导意义。

粒化高炉矿渣粉沥青混合料路用性能研究

为了拓宽废弃粒化高炉矿渣的利用途径,文中采用不同比例的粒化高炉矿渣粉代替矿粉后,进行AC-13C沥青混合料配合比设计,并对其高温稳定性、水稳定性和低温抗裂性等路用性能进行对比分析。结果表明,将粒化高炉矿渣粉作为填料应用于沥青混合料中,提高了沥青混合料的高温稳定性和高温水稳定性,但降低了其低温水稳定性。当粒化高炉矿渣粉替代率不超过50%时,沥青混合料的低温抗裂性可以得到提高,而当粒化高炉矿渣粉替代率超过75%时,沥青混合料的低温抗裂性降低。综合分析结论得出,AC-13C沥青混合料的粒化高炉矿渣粉替代率不超过50%。