Introduction: Computed tomography (CT) measurements of bone mineral attenuation may be a useful means to identify older women who should be prioritized for bone mineral density screening. Methods: We compared bone min...Introduction: Computed tomography (CT) measurements of bone mineral attenuation may be a useful means to identify older women who should be prioritized for bone mineral density screening. Methods: We compared bone mineral attenuation as measured in the L1 vertebra of CT studies to the results of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) studies to determine what CT attenuation thresholds might yield a reasonable combination of sensitivity and specificity for the detection of osteoporosis. The study was limited to women between the ages of 65 and 75 years who had a DEXA study and a CT that included the L1 or adjacent vertebra performed within 3 years of the DEXA study. Results: There were 1226 women in this study, of whom 452 (38%) had osteoporosis based on a T-score ≤ −2.5 by DEXA. There were 830 CT studies performed with contrast and 396 studies which were performed without contrast. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean HU of those studies performed without contrast compared to those with contrast (unenhanced mean 103 HU versus 125 HU, p < 0.001). Different CT attenuation thresholds provided the most appropriate combination of sensitivity and specificity for the detection of osteoporosis when comparing CT studies performed without or with IV contrast and when all the CT data were used in aggregate. Conclusion: Different thresholds appear necessary when using the mean CT vertebral attenuation to identify older women for preferential referral for DEXA studies.展开更多
In this study, based on the simulated discharge results of chemical disinfectants, hypocotyl germination concentration gradient pre-test and concentration gradient determination experiment were set up respectively. La...In this study, based on the simulated discharge results of chemical disinfectants, hypocotyl germination concentration gradient pre-test and concentration gradient determination experiment were set up respectively. Laboratory cultivation was conducted to compare and analyze the root germination and germination indexes, three mangrove hypocotyls of Kandelia candel (Linn.) Druce, Ceriopstagal C.B. Rob. and Bruguiera sexangula var. Rhynchopetalas’ efficiency of cumulative root germination, cumulative germination and the cumulative expansion of the second pair of leaves, one-way analysis of variance was used to obtain the tolerance threshold of three mangrove hypocotyls to strong chlorin disinfectant. The study determined that the by-products of strong chlorin disinfectant, the toxic threshold concentrations of Kandelia candel (Linn.) Druce, Ceriopstagal C.B. Rob. and Bruguiera sexangula var. rhynchopetala are close to 0.55 mg/L, 0.55 mg/L and 0.25 mg/L, respectively. This concentration range is lower than the average concentration of 1.183 mg/L of active chlorine emitted from strong chlorine concentrate during pond clearing in high-level shrimp ponds, indicating that transient emissions of strong chlorine concentrate during pond clearing can have a toxic effect on mangrove plants. The strength of tolerance of the embryonic axes of the three mangrove species to effective chlorine contamination was, Ceriopstagal C.B. Rob. stronger than Bruguiera sexangula var. rhynchopetala, and Kandelia candel (Linn.) Druce is the weakest.展开更多
目的:研究小针刀联合经颅磁刺激(Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.TMS)在改善脑梗死后遗症期患者上肢痉挛症状中的临床疗效。方法:选取2021年6月~2023年6月在本院就诊的80例脑梗死后遗症期上肢轻至中度痉挛患者,随机将其分为小针刀组...目的:研究小针刀联合经颅磁刺激(Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.TMS)在改善脑梗死后遗症期患者上肢痉挛症状中的临床疗效。方法:选取2021年6月~2023年6月在本院就诊的80例脑梗死后遗症期上肢轻至中度痉挛患者,随机将其分为小针刀组(n=26)、TMS组(n=27)、联合组(n=27)。所有患者在常规康复训练基础上,小针刀组进行小针刀治疗,TMS组进行经颅磁治疗,联合组进行联合治疗。治疗前后评估患者的Fugl-Meyer量表分数、临床痉挛指数分数,运动诱发电位,和静息运动阈值。结果:三组患者治疗后Fugl-Meyer评分均提高,临床痉挛指数评分均下降(P<0.01),其中联合治疗组的FuglMeyer评分高于单一治疗组,临床痉挛指数评分低于单一治疗组(P<0.01):三组患者治疗后运动诱发电位潜伏期均缩短,波幅增高(P<0.01),其中联合治疗组的运动诱发电位潜伏期短于单一治疗组,波幅高于单一治疗组(P<0.01):三组患者治疗后静息运动阈值均下降(P<0.01),其中联合治疗组的静息运动阈值低于单一治疗组(P<0.01)。结论:小针刀联合经颅磁刺激治疗能有效缓解脑梗死后上肢功能痉挛患者的上肢痉挛、中枢神经系统功能及大脑皮层兴奋性,疗效优于单一治疗方法。展开更多
Objective To investigate changes that occur in the brain when the physiological convulsive threshold becomes pathological,and to determine what differences occur in pathological and physiological convulsive thresholds...Objective To investigate changes that occur in the brain when the physiological convulsive threshold becomes pathological,and to determine what differences occur in pathological and physiological convulsive thresholds during the development of epilepsy. Methods In this study,the threshold for convulsions was determined by direct cortical stimulation in rats.The convulsive threshold was measured while recording electroencephalograms and subsequently examining histopathological changes in the hippocampus. Results At the beginning of the experiment,convulsive thresholds were all above 1 100 μA although there were significant individual variations in rats of the same group.But those thresholds quickly declined during the initial 4 weeks of repetitive electrical stimulation.The convulsive thresholds approached a constant level[TLS(430±34)μA,TGS(480±46)μA,TPS(605±70)μA]in the 10th week.There were no significant changes in thresholds when stimulation lasted for longer,the convulsive thresholds and the variations in rats of the same group were significantly lower than that at the beginning of the trial(P<0.01).An interictal discharge was also recorded in the 3rd week in heavy current group and at the 8th week in weak current group respectively which were concomitant with the neuronal da-mage and loss in the hippocampus.There was no abnormality observed in control group. Conclusion These findings indicate that the convulsion threshold in the brain should be divided into two stages:physiological convulsive threshold and pathological convulsive threshold(epileptic threshold).Epileptic threshold is created by pathological acquired factors which give rise to brain damage.The intensity of these pathological acquired factors is correlated with the formation of the pathological convulsive threshold.展开更多
The hand-held soil plant analysis development （SPAD） chlorophyll meter nitrogen status of the potato and guiding fertilization recommendations N recommendation, it is critical to establish the threshold SPAD value h...The hand-held soil plant analysis development （SPAD） chlorophyll meter nitrogen status of the potato and guiding fertilization recommendations N recommendation, it is critical to establish the threshold SPAD value has proved to be a promising tool in evaluating the n the process of N evaluation of potato plants and （SPAD reading）, below which nitrogen supplement is required. And taking convenient using into account, the threshold needs to be dynamic throughout the potato growing season so that the users can test their potato plants and make fertilization decision at any growing time of potato. To complete this goal, field experiments with different nitrogen supply levels were conducted in different sites in northern China from 2009 to 2011. The results showed that threshold SPAD values decrease as the growing season progresses for all cultivars and planting sites. By statistical analysis, the threshold regression models were established respectively as： y=-0.003χ2-0.0507χ＋58.213 （y, threshold SPAD value; χ, days after emergence） for the potato cultivar Kexin 1, and y=-0.003χ2＋0.017χ＋52.489 （y, threshold SPAD value; χ, days after emergence） for the cultivar Shepody, from which, the threshold SPAD value at any day after emergence can be calculated.展开更多
Hydrocarbon source rock obviously controls the formation and distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Based on the geological concept of ＂source control theory＂, the concept of a hydrocarbon distribution threshold wa...Hydrocarbon source rock obviously controls the formation and distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Based on the geological concept of ＂source control theory＂, the concept of a hydrocarbon distribution threshold was put forward. This means the maximum range for hydrocarbon controlled by the source rock conditions to migrate in the hydrocarbon basins. Three quantitative analysis models are proposed on this basis, namely the hydrocarbon accumulation probability, maximum hydrocarbon scale threshold and reserve distribution probability, which respectively refer to the probability of forming a hydrocarbon reservoir, the possible maximum scale of the hydrocarbon reservoir and the percentage of reserve distribution in a certain area within the hydrocarbon distribution threshold. Statistical analysis on 539 hydrocarbon reservoirs discovered in 28 hydrocarbon source kitchens from seven sedimentary basins and sags of eastern China shows the maximum reservoir scale possibly formed in the hydrocarbon basin, hydrocarbon accumulation probability and oil and gas reserve distribution probability are all controlled by the characteristics of the hydrocarbon source rock. Generally, as the distances from the hydrocarbon source rock center and hydrocarbon discharge boundary get longer and the hydrocarbon discharge intensity of hydrocarbon source rock center gets smaller, there will be lower probability of hydrocarbon accumulation. Corresponding quantitative models are established based on single factor statistics and multivariate analysis. Practical application in the Jiyang Depression shows that the prediction from the quantitative analysis model for the hydrocarbon distribution threshold agree well with the actual exploration results, indicating that the quantitative analysis model is likely to be a feasible tool.展开更多
It is imperative to derive an appropriate cadmium (Cd) health risk toxicity threshold for paddy soils to ensure the Cd con-centration of rice grains meet the food safety standard. In this study, 20 rice cultivars from...It is imperative to derive an appropriate cadmium (Cd) health risk toxicity threshold for paddy soils to ensure the Cd con-centration of rice grains meet the food safety standard. In this study, 20 rice cultivars from the main rice producing areas in China were selected, and a pot-experiment was conducted to investigate transformation of Cd in paddy soil-rice system with 0 (CK), 0.3 mg kg–1 (T1) and 0.6 mg kg–1 (T2) Cd treatments in greenhouse. The results showed that Cd concentrations of rice grains existed signiifcant difference (P<0.05) in 20 rice cultivars under the same Cd level in soil. The Cd concentrations of rice grains of the CK, T1 and T2 treatments were in the range of 0.143–0.202, 0.128–0.458 and 0.332–0.806 mg kg–1, respectively. Marked differences of the ratios of Cd concentration for soil to rice grain (BCFs) and transfer factors (TFs, root to grain and straw to grain) among the tested cultivars were observed in this study. The bioconcentration factors (BCFgrain) and TFs of the 20 rice cultivars were 0.300–1.112 and 0.342–0.817, respectively. The TFs of Cd from straw to grain ranged from 0.366 to 1.71, with signiifcant differences among these 20 rice cultivars. The bioconcentration factors (BCFgrain) and TFs among the 20 rice cultivars ranged from 0.300–1.112 and 0.342–0.817, respectively. The species-sensitivity distribu-tion (SSD) of Cd sensitivity of the rice species could be iftted wel with Burr-III (R2=0.987) based on the data of BCFs. The toxicity threshold of Cd derived from SSD for the paddy soil was 0.507 mg kg–1 in the present study.展开更多
A ccmspiracy attack is proposed to show that Wang-Li's scheme is instcure,because any t or more group members can impersonate other t member to sign any message withoutholding the responsibility. To avoid the cons...A ccmspiracy attack is proposed to show that Wang-Li's scheme is instcure,because any t or more group members can impersonate other t member to sign any message withoutholding the responsibility. To avoid the conspiracy attack, this paper prestentsa new (t,n)threshold signature scheme with traceablt signers. A (t. n) threshold signature scheme allows t ormore group members of the group lo generate a signature on behalf of the group, Any less than tmembers cannot generate a valid signature, andany set of the group cannot impersonate another set ofmembers to sign any message without holding the responsibility. In case of disputes., the thresholdsignature can be opened, so that the original signers ean be traced without repealing the secretkeys.展开更多
Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine if heart rate variability(HRV) during incremental test could be used to estimate ventilatory threshold(VT) in professional basketball players, with sufficient precision ...Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine if heart rate variability(HRV) during incremental test could be used to estimate ventilatory threshold(VT) in professional basketball players, with sufficient precision to be used in their training. Furthermore, the second aim was to analyse the association between HRV and 3 methods of VT determination by gas analysis.Methods: Twenty-four professional basketball players(age: 23.4 ± 4.9 years; height: 195.4 ± 9.8 cm; body mass: 92.2 ± 11.9 kg) performed an incremental running test to exhaustion. First ventilatory threshold(VT1) was determined by ventilatory equivalent(VE) and HRV and second ventilatory threshold(VT2) was determined by 3 methods of gases analysis(V-slope, VE and gas exchange ratio(R), and HRV). Pearson's coefficient(r) was used to detect differences between data and the strength of each relationship. The mean of absolute differences and Bland–Altman analysis were used to evaluate whether there was agreement.Results: The results showed no significant differences in HR and oxygen consumption(VO2) at VT1 between the 2 methods. Furthermore, no significant differences among the methods of gases analysis and HRV were observed in speed, HR, and VO2 at VT2. Moreover, VTs estimated using HRV and gas methods were significantly correlated. Correlation in HR values was higher between R and HRV(r = 0.96) and VE and HRV(r = 0.96) than V-slope and HRV(r = 0.90).Conclusion: These findings provide a practical, inexpensive approach for evaluating specific training loads when determining VT2 in basketball players. Therefore, HRV is an alternative method to determine VT2 without the application of expensive technology that limits its use to laboratories.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Computed tomography (CT) measurements of bone mineral attenuation may be a useful means to identify older women who should be prioritized for bone mineral density screening. Methods: We compared bone mineral attenuation as measured in the L1 vertebra of CT studies to the results of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) studies to determine what CT attenuation thresholds might yield a reasonable combination of sensitivity and specificity for the detection of osteoporosis. The study was limited to women between the ages of 65 and 75 years who had a DEXA study and a CT that included the L1 or adjacent vertebra performed within 3 years of the DEXA study. Results: There were 1226 women in this study, of whom 452 (38%) had osteoporosis based on a T-score ≤ −2.5 by DEXA. There were 830 CT studies performed with contrast and 396 studies which were performed without contrast. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean HU of those studies performed without contrast compared to those with contrast (unenhanced mean 103 HU versus 125 HU, p < 0.001). Different CT attenuation thresholds provided the most appropriate combination of sensitivity and specificity for the detection of osteoporosis when comparing CT studies performed without or with IV contrast and when all the CT data were used in aggregate. Conclusion: Different thresholds appear necessary when using the mean CT vertebral attenuation to identify older women for preferential referral for DEXA studies.
文摘In this study, based on the simulated discharge results of chemical disinfectants, hypocotyl germination concentration gradient pre-test and concentration gradient determination experiment were set up respectively. Laboratory cultivation was conducted to compare and analyze the root germination and germination indexes, three mangrove hypocotyls of Kandelia candel (Linn.) Druce, Ceriopstagal C.B. Rob. and Bruguiera sexangula var. Rhynchopetalas’ efficiency of cumulative root germination, cumulative germination and the cumulative expansion of the second pair of leaves, one-way analysis of variance was used to obtain the tolerance threshold of three mangrove hypocotyls to strong chlorin disinfectant. The study determined that the by-products of strong chlorin disinfectant, the toxic threshold concentrations of Kandelia candel (Linn.) Druce, Ceriopstagal C.B. Rob. and Bruguiera sexangula var. rhynchopetala are close to 0.55 mg/L, 0.55 mg/L and 0.25 mg/L, respectively. This concentration range is lower than the average concentration of 1.183 mg/L of active chlorine emitted from strong chlorine concentrate during pond clearing in high-level shrimp ponds, indicating that transient emissions of strong chlorine concentrate during pond clearing can have a toxic effect on mangrove plants. The strength of tolerance of the embryonic axes of the three mangrove species to effective chlorine contamination was, Ceriopstagal C.B. Rob. stronger than Bruguiera sexangula var. rhynchopetala, and Kandelia candel (Linn.) Druce is the weakest.
文摘目的:研究小针刀联合经颅磁刺激(Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.TMS)在改善脑梗死后遗症期患者上肢痉挛症状中的临床疗效。方法:选取2021年6月~2023年6月在本院就诊的80例脑梗死后遗症期上肢轻至中度痉挛患者,随机将其分为小针刀组(n=26)、TMS组(n=27)、联合组(n=27)。所有患者在常规康复训练基础上,小针刀组进行小针刀治疗,TMS组进行经颅磁治疗,联合组进行联合治疗。治疗前后评估患者的Fugl-Meyer量表分数、临床痉挛指数分数,运动诱发电位,和静息运动阈值。结果:三组患者治疗后Fugl-Meyer评分均提高,临床痉挛指数评分均下降(P<0.01),其中联合治疗组的FuglMeyer评分高于单一治疗组,临床痉挛指数评分低于单一治疗组(P<0.01):三组患者治疗后运动诱发电位潜伏期均缩短,波幅增高(P<0.01),其中联合治疗组的运动诱发电位潜伏期短于单一治疗组,波幅高于单一治疗组(P<0.01):三组患者治疗后静息运动阈值均下降(P<0.01),其中联合治疗组的静息运动阈值低于单一治疗组(P<0.01)。结论:小针刀联合经颅磁刺激治疗能有效缓解脑梗死后上肢功能痉挛患者的上肢痉挛、中枢神经系统功能及大脑皮层兴奋性,疗效优于单一治疗方法。
基金supported by the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(08JCYBJC02200)the Keygrant Project of Chinese Ministry of Education(309009)the Natural Science Foundation of China(11171164)
文摘Objective To investigate changes that occur in the brain when the physiological convulsive threshold becomes pathological,and to determine what differences occur in pathological and physiological convulsive thresholds during the development of epilepsy. Methods In this study,the threshold for convulsions was determined by direct cortical stimulation in rats.The convulsive threshold was measured while recording electroencephalograms and subsequently examining histopathological changes in the hippocampus. Results At the beginning of the experiment,convulsive thresholds were all above 1 100 μA although there were significant individual variations in rats of the same group.But those thresholds quickly declined during the initial 4 weeks of repetitive electrical stimulation.The convulsive thresholds approached a constant level[TLS(430±34)μA,TGS(480±46)μA,TPS(605±70)μA]in the 10th week.There were no significant changes in thresholds when stimulation lasted for longer,the convulsive thresholds and the variations in rats of the same group were significantly lower than that at the beginning of the trial(P<0.01).An interictal discharge was also recorded in the 3rd week in heavy current group and at the 8th week in weak current group respectively which were concomitant with the neuronal da-mage and loss in the hippocampus.There was no abnormality observed in control group. Conclusion These findings indicate that the convulsion threshold in the brain should be divided into two stages:physiological convulsive threshold and pathological convulsive threshold(epileptic threshold).Epileptic threshold is created by pathological acquired factors which give rise to brain damage.The intensity of these pathological acquired factors is correlated with the formation of the pathological convulsive threshold.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (31360502)the Pre-973 Project of China (2012CB126307)the Inner Mongolia Nature Science Foundation, China (2013ZD04)
文摘The hand-held soil plant analysis development （SPAD） chlorophyll meter nitrogen status of the potato and guiding fertilization recommendations N recommendation, it is critical to establish the threshold SPAD value has proved to be a promising tool in evaluating the n the process of N evaluation of potato plants and （SPAD reading）, below which nitrogen supplement is required. And taking convenient using into account, the threshold needs to be dynamic throughout the potato growing season so that the users can test their potato plants and make fertilization decision at any growing time of potato. To complete this goal, field experiments with different nitrogen supply levels were conducted in different sites in northern China from 2009 to 2011. The results showed that threshold SPAD values decrease as the growing season progresses for all cultivars and planting sites. By statistical analysis, the threshold regression models were established respectively as： y=-0.003χ2-0.0507χ＋58.213 （y, threshold SPAD value; χ, days after emergence） for the potato cultivar Kexin 1, and y=-0.003χ2＋0.017χ＋52.489 （y, threshold SPAD value; χ, days after emergence） for the cultivar Shepody, from which, the threshold SPAD value at any day after emergence can be calculated.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Project(Grant No.41102085)the National Key Basic Research and Development 973 Program Project(Grant No.2011CB201105)+1 种基金Supported by Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(20110007120001)Supported by Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum, Beijing(No.KYJJ2012-01-08)
文摘Hydrocarbon source rock obviously controls the formation and distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Based on the geological concept of ＂source control theory＂, the concept of a hydrocarbon distribution threshold was put forward. This means the maximum range for hydrocarbon controlled by the source rock conditions to migrate in the hydrocarbon basins. Three quantitative analysis models are proposed on this basis, namely the hydrocarbon accumulation probability, maximum hydrocarbon scale threshold and reserve distribution probability, which respectively refer to the probability of forming a hydrocarbon reservoir, the possible maximum scale of the hydrocarbon reservoir and the percentage of reserve distribution in a certain area within the hydrocarbon distribution threshold. Statistical analysis on 539 hydrocarbon reservoirs discovered in 28 hydrocarbon source kitchens from seven sedimentary basins and sags of eastern China shows the maximum reservoir scale possibly formed in the hydrocarbon basin, hydrocarbon accumulation probability and oil and gas reserve distribution probability are all controlled by the characteristics of the hydrocarbon source rock. Generally, as the distances from the hydrocarbon source rock center and hydrocarbon discharge boundary get longer and the hydrocarbon discharge intensity of hydrocarbon source rock center gets smaller, there will be lower probability of hydrocarbon accumulation. Corresponding quantitative models are established based on single factor statistics and multivariate analysis. Practical application in the Jiyang Depression shows that the prediction from the quantitative analysis model for the hydrocarbon distribution threshold agree well with the actual exploration results, indicating that the quantitative analysis model is likely to be a feasible tool.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41271490, 21077131)
文摘It is imperative to derive an appropriate cadmium (Cd) health risk toxicity threshold for paddy soils to ensure the Cd con-centration of rice grains meet the food safety standard. In this study, 20 rice cultivars from the main rice producing areas in China were selected, and a pot-experiment was conducted to investigate transformation of Cd in paddy soil-rice system with 0 (CK), 0.3 mg kg–1 (T1) and 0.6 mg kg–1 (T2) Cd treatments in greenhouse. The results showed that Cd concentrations of rice grains existed signiifcant difference (P<0.05) in 20 rice cultivars under the same Cd level in soil. The Cd concentrations of rice grains of the CK, T1 and T2 treatments were in the range of 0.143–0.202, 0.128–0.458 and 0.332–0.806 mg kg–1, respectively. Marked differences of the ratios of Cd concentration for soil to rice grain (BCFs) and transfer factors (TFs, root to grain and straw to grain) among the tested cultivars were observed in this study. The bioconcentration factors (BCFgrain) and TFs of the 20 rice cultivars were 0.300–1.112 and 0.342–0.817, respectively. The TFs of Cd from straw to grain ranged from 0.366 to 1.71, with signiifcant differences among these 20 rice cultivars. The bioconcentration factors (BCFgrain) and TFs among the 20 rice cultivars ranged from 0.300–1.112 and 0.342–0.817, respectively. The species-sensitivity distribu-tion (SSD) of Cd sensitivity of the rice species could be iftted wel with Burr-III (R2=0.987) based on the data of BCFs. The toxicity threshold of Cd derived from SSD for the paddy soil was 0.507 mg kg–1 in the present study.
文摘A ccmspiracy attack is proposed to show that Wang-Li's scheme is instcure,because any t or more group members can impersonate other t member to sign any message withoutholding the responsibility. To avoid the conspiracy attack, this paper prestentsa new (t,n)threshold signature scheme with traceablt signers. A (t. n) threshold signature scheme allows t ormore group members of the group lo generate a signature on behalf of the group, Any less than tmembers cannot generate a valid signature, andany set of the group cannot impersonate another set ofmembers to sign any message without holding the responsibility. In case of disputes., the thresholdsignature can be opened, so that the original signers ean be traced without repealing the secretkeys.
文摘Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine if heart rate variability(HRV) during incremental test could be used to estimate ventilatory threshold(VT) in professional basketball players, with sufficient precision to be used in their training. Furthermore, the second aim was to analyse the association between HRV and 3 methods of VT determination by gas analysis.Methods: Twenty-four professional basketball players(age: 23.4 ± 4.9 years; height: 195.4 ± 9.8 cm; body mass: 92.2 ± 11.9 kg) performed an incremental running test to exhaustion. First ventilatory threshold(VT1) was determined by ventilatory equivalent(VE) and HRV and second ventilatory threshold(VT2) was determined by 3 methods of gases analysis(V-slope, VE and gas exchange ratio(R), and HRV). Pearson's coefficient(r) was used to detect differences between data and the strength of each relationship. The mean of absolute differences and Bland–Altman analysis were used to evaluate whether there was agreement.Results: The results showed no significant differences in HR and oxygen consumption(VO2) at VT1 between the 2 methods. Furthermore, no significant differences among the methods of gases analysis and HRV were observed in speed, HR, and VO2 at VT2. Moreover, VTs estimated using HRV and gas methods were significantly correlated. Correlation in HR values was higher between R and HRV(r = 0.96) and VE and HRV(r = 0.96) than V-slope and HRV(r = 0.90).Conclusion: These findings provide a practical, inexpensive approach for evaluating specific training loads when determining VT2 in basketball players. Therefore, HRV is an alternative method to determine VT2 without the application of expensive technology that limits its use to laboratories.
