镍基高温合金U720Li在750℃不同氧化阶段的恒温氧化行为

航空发动机涡轮盘服役温度的不断升高,对材料的抗氧化性能提出了更严苛的要求。U720Li合金是一种具有较高承温能力的涡轮盘用镍基高温合金,其长期服役温度高达750℃。阐明该合金在服役温度下的氧化行为,对延长涡轮盘的服役寿命具有重要意义。本文采用静态增重法测定了锻态U720Li合金在750℃的氧化动力学曲线,用XRD、SEM-EDS等手段分析了不同氧化阶段的氧化膜形貌、结构及元素分布。结果表明,U720Li合金在其服役温度下具有优异的抗氧化性能,在750℃的恒温氧化动力学曲线大致遵循立方规律,达到了完全抗氧化级别。分析认为,U720Li合金在氧化初期生成了疏松的γ-Cr_(2)O_(3),随着氧化的进行,γ-Cr_(2)O_(3)层不断剥落,氧化膜变得更加连续致密并形成复杂多层结构,且在氧化膜附近基体内形成γ'贫化层。在稳定氧化阶段,氧化膜更加连续致密并形成规整的双层结构,包括致密的α-Cr_(2)O_(3)外氧化层和α-Al_(2)O_(3)内氧化层。连续致密的α-Cr_(2)O_(3)和α-Al_(2)O_(3)层的形成能够有效阻止氧的内扩散及合金元素的外扩散,保障了U720Li合金的优异抗氧化性能。

对称芳香多酸Ni(Ⅱ)配合物的合成、结构及磁性

利用对称芳香多酸3,5-二(2',5'-苯二羧酸)苯甲酸(H5L)和过渡金属镍在水热法条件下设计合成了一种金属有机配合物:{Ni_(3)(H_(2)L)2(4,4-bpyb)2}n(1),并通过单晶X射线衍射,红外光谱(IR),热重分析(TG)和粉末衍射对1进行结构表征。结构分析表明1是三核簇[Ni_(3)(μ_(2)-COO)4(μ_(1)-COO)2]SBUs和H5L配体有序连接的2D面结构,并通过辅助配体4,4-bpyb分子拓展成三维结构。同时,磁性分析表明配合物1中的金属离子之间存在反铁磁耦合作用。

甘薯(Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.)及其近缘野生种原生质体的植株再生

对甘薯品种高系14号及其近缘野生种I.triloba L、和I.lacunosa L,进行原生质体植株再生研究。从离体培养植株的叶柄分离出原生质体,将其培养在含有0.05mg/L 2,4-D和0.5mg/L激动素(KT)的MS培养基中,从原生质体获得了高频率的愈伤组织。培养8-12周后,将直径达2—3mm的小愈伤组织转移到添加0.05mg/L 2,4-D的MS培养基上。转移3-6周后,将愈伤组织进一步转移到添加吲哚乙酸(IAA)和6-苄基嘌呤(BAP)的MS培养基上,一些愈伤组织再生出植株。未再生植株的愈伤组织进一步在MS基本培养基上培养,它们也再生出植株。本研究从I.triloba原生质体获得高频率的植株再生;首次从I.lacunosa原生质体再生出植株;从高系14号原生质体也再生出完整植株。

美国新教师入职培训的改革与创新——ETS的Pathwise^(■) Framework入职项目述评

Pathwise Framework入职项目隶属美国教育考试服务中心(ETS),是美国入职培训领域中培训质量最好、培训内容最紧凑的入职支持项目,是同类培训的典范。该项目旨在通过为新教师提供反思性支持和评估来促进他们的职业发展,帮助新教师在备课—教学—反思—改进这一动态、循环和持续的过程后成为一名自主能力较强的教师。研究其理论基础、内容、组织过程、特点,无疑对建立我国自己的教师入职培训体系具有积极的借鉴意义。

Transition from Metastablity to Instability in Dynamics for the Precipitation of δ'(Al_3Li)

A computer simulation study on dynamics for the precipitation of δ'(Al_3Li) ordered particles from a disor- dered matrix (α) in binary Al-Li alloys is performed using the microscopic Langevin equation. A unique precipitation mechanism is found near the ordering spinodal line. Different from the classical nucleation mechanism in the me- tastable region and the congruent ordering followed by spinodal decomposition in the instable region, a nonstoichi- ometric single ordered phase with composition fluctuations is formed by non-classical nucleation, and this ordered phase decomposes spinodally. It can be concluded that the precipitation dynamics of δ' phase from metastability to instability is gradual, and no sharp transition occurs near the mean-field spinodal line as the mean-field theory pre- dicts.

中国山葡萄‘双红’胺氧化酶(amine oxidase)基因的抗霜霉病研究

【目的】探究高抗霜霉病的中国山葡萄‘双红’中胺氧化酶(VaAO)在抗葡萄霜霉病中的作用。【方法】以中国山葡萄‘双红’为试材,采用RT-PCR技术,克隆山葡萄‘双红’的AO基因,命名为VaAO;利用RT-qPCR在转录水平上分别检测了抗病的山葡萄‘双红’和感病的欧亚种葡萄‘赤霞珠’接种霜霉菌后AO的表达模式;通过农杆菌介导的瞬时转化法,使VaAO分别在本氏烟草和葡萄‘赤霞珠’中瞬时过表达;利用DAB染色法,检测H_2O_2的积累。【结果】VaAO基因的开放阅读框(ORF)长2 184 bp,编码727个氨基酸。经BLAST比对发现VaAO氨基酸序列与欧亚种葡萄‘黑比诺’的氨基酸序列同源性高达99%。定量结果表明:抗病的‘双红’和感病的‘赤霞珠’的AO基因均受到霜霉菌诱导,且相对表达量都在接种72 h后达到最高峰。值得注意的是,VaAO在接种后24 h表现出显著上调。VaAO在烟草中瞬时表达后发现其蛋白定位在细胞核和细胞膜中。VaAO在‘赤霞珠’叶片中瞬时过表达能够显著提高叶片中H2O2的积累和抵抗霜霉病的能力。【结论】成功克隆了山葡萄‘双红’的VaAO基因,定量分析和瞬时表达均表明VaAO基因在参与葡萄抗霜霉病的过程中发挥了重要作用。

Clinical Implication of the Changes of cAMP, TXA_2 and PGI_2 in CSF of Asphyxiated Newborns

To evaluate the changes of 3', 5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), thrombox-ane A2(TXA2) and prostacyclin (PGI2) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the asphyxiated newborn and explore their roles in hypoxic-ischamic brain damage (HIBD). Thirty-six full term newborns were divided into 3 groups, including 12 with moderate-severe hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE), 13 with mild HIE, 11 without HIE (control group). The levels of cAMP, TXB2(TXA2 metabolite) and 6-keto-PGF1α(PGI2 metabolite) in CSF and plasma were measured 36-72 h after birth by RIA, and the concentrations were expressed as nM/L (cAMP), ng/L(TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1α). The infants were followed-up at 6 and 12 month of age and Mental Development Index (MDI) and Psychomotor Development Index (FDD were measured using Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID). The CSF cAMP level in moderate-severe HIE group was 8. 60±2. 40, significantly lower than that of the mild HIE group (14. 83±2. 84) and the control group (24. 43±2. 39)(for both P<0. 01). The levels of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1α in CFS in the moderate-severe HIE group (206. 06±29. 74, 168. 47± 23. 02, respectively) were significantly higher than in the mild HIE group (83. 37±28. 57, 131. 42± 16. 57, respectively, P<0. 01) and the control group (41. 77±21. 58, 86. 23±13. 05, respectively, P<0. 01). The level changes of cAMP,TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1α in plasma in all groups were similar to those in CSF, but no significant difference was found between mild HIE group and the control group (P>0. 05). The follow-up results showed that MDI and PDI of the moderate-severe HIE group were the lowest (84. 79±13. 34, 83. 50±13. 28, respectively), followed by mild HIE group (102.19±7. 02, 99. 94±9. 08, respectively) , with the control group being the highest (116. 63± 12.08, 116. 69±10. 87, respectively). Univariate analysis showed some significant difference (the moderate-severe HIE group vs. the mild HIE group or the control group, P<0. 01; the mild HIE group vs. the control group P<0. 05). The results suggested that the concentration of cAMP, TXA2 and T/K ratio in CSF after neonatal asphyxia might be sensitive markers in evaluating the severity of brain damage in early stage and predicting the future outcome.

Study on the Post-evaluation of Environmental Planning Based on Logical Framework Approach

[Objective] The aim was to conduct post-evaluation on environmental planning by means of logical framework approach. [Method] Taking environmental planning during '11th Five-year Plan' in a certain province for example, by means of logical framework approach (LFA), the post-evaluation on environmental planning was carried out from the aspects of evaluation content, index system, implementation steps, evaluation feedback and input-output analysis of environmental planning. [Result] The post-evaluation on environmental planning by means of LFA achieved expected purpose and various indexes at different stages of environmental planning was assessed, and then corresponding countermeasures were put forward according to the problems which were found by problem tree of environmental planning project. [Conclusion] The study could provide theoretical references for the post-evaluation on environmental planning in future.

Molecular and Crystal Structure of 4-Amino-4'-Nitrodiphenyl Ether

The title compound (C 12 H 10 N 2O 3, M r =230.22) is monoclinic, space group P2 1/c with unit cell of a=7.234 (1), b=8.999 (1), c=16.907(2) ; β=102.47°, V=1099.6(2) 3, Z=4, D c= 1.391g/cm 3; λ (Mo Kα )=0.71073 , μ =0.102mm -1 , F (000)=480, final R=0.0322, wR= 0.0770 for 1937 observed reflections [ I>2σ(I) ]. Structure analyses reveal that the two benzene rings are almost perpendicular and the bond angle between the two benzene rings is 118.44°.

Syntheses and Crystal Structures of 4,4′Diformyl-diphenoxyethane and 4,4′4′′-Triformyl-triphenoxytriethylamine

Two title compounds, 4,4?diformyl-diphenoxyethane (compound 1, C16H14O4) and 4,4?4创-triformyl-triphenoxytriethylamine (compound 2, C27H27NO6), were synthesized by condensation of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde with 1,2-dichloroethane and tris(2-chloroethyl)amine, respectively in dimethyl formamide in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate. The crystal data are: monoclinic, P21/c, a = 7.571(2), b = 12.608(3), c = 7.357(2) ? b = 105.823(6)? V = 675.7(2) 3, Mr = 270.3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.328 g/cm3, F(000) = 284, m(MoKa) = 0.096 mm-1, R = 0.0537 and wR = 0.2189 for compound 1; and monoclinic, P21/n, a = 11.7162(6), b = 9.0042(6), c = 22.908(2) ? b = 99.505(1)? V = 2383.5(3) ?, Mr = 461.50, Z = 4, Dc = 1.286 g/cm3, F(000)= 976, m(MoKa) = 0.091 mm-1, R = 0.0464 and wR = 0.1462 for compound 2. The molecule of compound 1 (dialdehyde) is located at the crystallographic inversion center nearby the midpoint of C(8)C(8A) single bond. The three chains in the molecule of compound 2 (trialdehyde) are of non-crystallographic pseudo-C3 symmetry, and each of them is quite planar.

Pd/C催化Suzuki反应合成2,3',5'-三氯联苯

本文通过无配体Pd/C催化Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应,以2-氯溴苯和3,5-二氯苯硼酸为原料,以碳酸钾作为碱,研究了不同反应温度对2,3',5'-三氯联苯合成的影响。作为对比,本文平行进行了Pd(PPh_(3))_(4)催化合成目标产物的实验,涉及Pd(PPh3)4催化的反应要求惰性气体反应氛围,且需在80℃下反应12小时。GC-MS跟踪监测显示:Pd/C催化的反应室温下反应12小时,几无产物生成。反应温度升至50℃时,反应2小时得到较多产物。50℃时,增加3,5-二氯苯硼酸至2倍当量,最终产率达到90%。有关催化剂回收方面,Pd(PPh3)4对空气敏感,反应结束后,未能回收,而无配体的Pd/C催化剂可循环使用5次以上而几无活性损失。与传统的含配体的Pd催化剂比较,无配体Pd/C催化在经济、环保以及实验操作方面表现出巨大的优势。

CAS Scientists Play an Important Role in National Basic Research Program

Of the 39 research projects that kicked off in 2005 with the support from the National Basic Research Program (dubbed the 973 Program) across the country, 12 are hosted by CAS scientists (including two under the joint leadership with other departments). Initiated in March 1997, the 973 Program is the national keystone basic research program organized by the Chinese government. Its strategic objectives are to strengthen the original innovations and to address the important scientific issues concerning the national economic and social development at a higher level and in a wider scope, so as to improve China’s capabilities of independent innovations and to provide scientific sup- port for the future development of the country. The followings are a brief account of some of the projects hosted by CAS in 2005.

Identification of an kB-like motif at the 5' upstream region of human lymphotoxin gene

Lymphotoxin(LT) is a glycoprotein secreted by activated T cell. The expression of LT gene is mainly regulated at the level of transcription. By using human LT DNA as a probe, we carried out a RNA dot blotting test and found that the longer the time of Jurkat human Tlymphoma cells exposed to the PMA and PHA, the more endogenous LT mRNA could be produced. Results of gel retardation assay showed that the nuclear extract from Jurkat cells treated with PMA and PHA formed different DNA-protein complexes. Changes in complex patterns were observed at various time intervals of PMA and PHA induction. A specific protein-binding site was mapped out to be a 22-bp sequence at the 5’upstream regioll of human LT gene by DNase I footprinting analysis. This region was similar to the sequence recognized by the proteins of NFｋB family The results of fragment competition and homology analysis indicated that the 22-bp sequence contains a ｋB-like motif only which is located at the base pairs -100 to -90 (5’-GGGGGCTTCCC-3’). Thus, the NF-ｋBlike factors were involved in the protein-DNA interaction.Furthermore, there were more than one retarded bands appearing in the gel retardation assay. It suggested that there may be several NF-ｋB-like factors involved in theregulation of LT gene transcription at the same site.

FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH ON RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION OF RAT BRAIN TISSUE BASED ON NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY AND MIE THEORY

Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)technology and Mie theory are utilized for fundamental research on radiofrequency ablation of biological tissue.Firstly,NIRS is utilized to monitor rats undergoing radiofrequency ablation surgery in real time so as to explore the relationship between reduced scattering coefficient(μ_(s)')and the degree of thermally induced tissue coagulation.Then,Mie theory is utilized to analyze the morphological structure change of biological tissue so as to explore the basic mechanism of the change of optical parameters caused by thermally induced tissue coagulation.Results show that there is a close relationship between μ_(s)' and the degree of thermally induced tissue coagulation;the degree of thermal coagulation can be obtained by the value of μ_(s)';when biological tissue thermally coagulates,the average equivalent scattering particle decreases,the particle density increases,and the anisotropy factor decreases.

Research undertaken by CAS scientists with support of "973 Program"

The National Basic Research Program (dubbed as the " 9 73 Program" is China's on-going national keystone basic research program, which was approved by the Chinese government in June 1997 and is organized and implemented by the Ministry of Science and Technology. The strategic objectives of the Program are to strengthen the original innovations and to address the important scientific issues concerning the national economic and social development at a deeper level and in a wider scope, so as to improve China's capabilities of independent innovations and to provide scientific support for the future development of the country. The followings are some of the" 9 73 projects" initiated in 2006 under the coordination of CAS scientists.

Systematic pharmacology analysis of Sodium 8-(((carboxymethyl)amino)methyl)-4',7-bishydroxy-isoflavone-3'-sulfonate

The purpose of this study is to use the newly synthesized molecule Sodium 8-(((carboxymethyl)amino)methyl)-4',7-bishydroxy-isoflavone-3'-sulfonate(M)as a research object,the pharmacological mechanism of the molecule was analyzed by using a series of Systematic pharmacology methods.The results show that the M molecule has a higher drug-like DL value of 0.59 and better molecular property parameters,namely Hdon=4,Hacc=10 and AlogP=0.94;A total of 11 M molecules related targets,namely F2,ESR1,AR,F10,CA2,DPP4,CCNA2,PRSS1,CDK2,GSK3B and PTPN1;A total of 140 diseases are associated with M molecule targets,and these diseases are mainly related to cancer and cardiovascular diseases;A total of 52 pathways involve the pharmacological mechanisms of M molecules,which are mainly related to cancer and other related diseases;GO-enriched analysis showed that these targets are closely related to the regulation of peptidase activity and biological processes such as blood coagulation and hemostasis.This article clearly demonstrated the pharmacological mechanism of M molecule,which provides references for exploring the pharmacological mechanism of new compounds.

A Novel Method to SynthesizeP-phenylene-2,2＇ -bis （ 5-aminobenzoxazole ）

P-phenylene-2,2'-bis(5-aminobenzoxazole) is synthesized by the condensation of 2,4-diaminophenol dihydrochloride and terephthalic acid with high yield of 98% in polyphosphoric acid through adding reductive agent SnCl2 to suppress the oxidation of 2,4-diaminophenol dihydrochloride. The structure of the compound is characterized by using melting point, FT-IR,1H NMR, and element analysis.

DIFFERENTIAL PULSE VOLTAMMETRIC DETERMINATION OF 3,3'5,5'-TETRAMETHYLBENZIDINE AND ITS ANALOGUES WITH A GLASSY CARBON ELECTRODE

The differential pulse voltarametric ( DPV ) method with a glassy carbon electrode was used for the determination of 3,3' 5,5'-tetramethy lbenzidine ( TMB ) , o-tolidine and benzidine in the acidic media. The pulse amplitude, interval time and scan rate of DPV are optimized to be 50 mV, 0.5 s and 10 mV/s, respectively, The peak current is proportional to the concentration of TMB and its analogues, the linear range is from 10^-8mol/l to 10^-4 mal/l, The electrochemical behaviour of the compounds is discussed, The chemical poisons can be determined directly, or indirectly by the extraction in the waste water of chemical industry and laboratory,

抗5'-核苷酸酶1A抗体(5'NTC1A)检测分析在全身型幼年特发性关节炎(sJIA)生物标志物研究

抗5'-核苷酸酶1A抗体(5'NTC1A)检测在全身型幼年特发性关节炎(sJIA)研究 。方法 选择 2012年 1月1日至 2020年 12 月就诊于江西省儿童医院 sJIA患儿 733 例和健康体检儿童 50例, 采用ELISA法检测5’NTC1A及免疫印迹法检测ENAs等。 结果 CCP灵敏度18.83%;抗O(ASLn)灵敏度为17.33%,;RF灵敏度1.23%;ANA灵敏度为9.1%。sJIA组AMA-M2阳性率为7.14%,Jo-1阳性率为7.14%,Sm阳性率为7.14%,PCNA阳性率为14.29%,nRNP/Sm阳性率为11.43%,Ro-52阳性率为18.57%。对照组阳性率为4.00%,nRNP/Sm阳性率为2.00%,sJIA组Anti-5NTC1A阳性数为225例,阳性率为30.69%,对照组阳性率为4.00%,阳性率显著高于对照组(P 均<0.01) 结论 sJIA诊断价值,5’NTC1A可作为sJIA检测及评估病情的新型生物标志物。

关岭牛MSTN基因3'-UTR与bta-miR-27b的靶向验证

【目的】明确关岭牛bta-miR-27b与肌肉生长抑制素基因(MSTN)的结合位点及靶向调控关系,为通过调控miRNA改良关岭牛产肉量提供理论依据,也为贵州地方黄牛分子遗传改良工作提供新的切入点。【方法】通过TargetScan预测牛MSTN基因3'端非翻译区(3'-UTR)的潜在miRNA结合区域及互作miRNA,对比关岭牛与不同关岭牛杂交品种的生理表型及MSTN基因和3'-UTR端miRNA表达差异,并分析bta-miR-27b在不同关岭牛杂交群体中的靶位点特异性。将MSTN基因3'-UTR序列野生型(WT)和3'-UTR序列突变型(MUT)分别克隆至pMIR-REPORT Luciferase(H306)载体构建重组双荧光素酶报告基因载体,与bta-miR-27b共转染293T细胞以验证bta-miR-27b与MSTN基因的作用关系,并利用实时荧光定量PCR验证bta-miR-27b对MSTN基因表达的影响。【结果】在牛MSTN基因3'-UTR端发现7个miRNA结合位点;关岭牛各系杂交品种的3个miRNA(bta-miR-27a-3p、bta-miR-27b和bta-miR-128)相对表达量均极显著高于关岭牛(P<0.01,下同),MSTN基因相对表达量极显著低于关岭牛,体质量、体高、体斜长、胸围等生长指标却明显优于关岭牛。关岭牛及其杂交牛MSTN基因3'-UTR端的bta-miR-27b结合区域均无突变、无缺失;MSTN-3'-UTR(WT)与bta-miR-27bmimics共转染293T细胞后其相对荧光值下降53.80%,极显著低于MSTN-3'-UTR(MUT)+bta-miR-27bmimics共转染;转染bta-miR-27b mimics后,bta-miR-27b在关岭牛原代成肌细胞株(N2)中成功超表达,而MSTN基因相对表达量呈极显著下调趋势,表明bta-miR-27b能抑制MSTN基因表达。【结论】bta-miR-27b与MSTN基因的结合区域位于3'-UTR端第62~69位碱基处,且靶位点保守性较高。bta-miR-27b对MSTN基因有很强的靶向调控作用,表现为bta-miR-27b能抑制MSTN基因表达。