Dimension by Dimension Finite Volume HWENO Method for Hyperbolic Conservation Laws

In this paper,we propose a finite volume Hermite weighted essentially non-oscillatory(HWENO)method based on the dimension by dimension framework to solve hyperbolic conservation laws.It can maintain the high accuracy in the smooth region and obtain the high resolution solution when the discontinuity appears,and it is compact which will be good for giving the numerical boundary conditions.Furthermore,it avoids complicated least square procedure when we implement the genuine two dimensional(2D)finite volume HWENO reconstruction,and it can be regarded as a generalization of the one dimensional(1D)HWENO method.Extensive numerical tests are performed to verify the high resolution and high accuracy of the scheme.

Human Rights Protection in the Context of Ruling the Country by Law

At a conference in Beijing on December 4, 2012 marking the 30th anni- versary of the adoption of the current Constitution, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee Xi Jinping pointed out, ＂To fully implement the Constitution is the primary task and the basic work in building a socialist nation ruled by law.＂ He also said, ＂A country ruled by law should be first ruled by the Constitution, and lawful governance should be based on the Constitution.＂

SCOURS IN FRONT OF A BREAKWATER BY BROKEN WAVES AND THEIR SIMILARITY LAW

The sea bottom in front of a breakwater is scoured under the action of broken waves,and this will affect the stability of the breakwater.In this paper,the scours of sandy seabed in front of a breakwater under the action of broken waves are investigated experimentally.The depth and range of the scouring trough at the foot of a breakwater are studied,and the influence of open foundation-bed on scouring and depositing is also discussed.In order to apply the research results to practical projects,the scale of model sediment and the scale of scours and depositions are suggested.

论“rule by law”和“rule of law”的区别

"Rule of law"和"Rule by law"两个词是当代中国对"法治"一词的两种翻译,其内涵有着本质的不同。正确地区分两者关系,不仅对于当今法制与法治的建设有着重要的借鉴价值,更有助于处理好当今政府与人民之间的权限问题,对构建现代民主基础之上的法治社会以及对依法治国的发展有着重要意义。

LOW-THRUST ORBIT TRANSFER BY COMBINING GENETIC ALGORITHM WITH REFINED Q-LAW METHOD

A new orbit transfer method is presented by combining the genetic algorithm（GA）with the refined Q-law method.Considering the energy consumption,the relative thrust efficiency is introduced as a threshold deciding whether to thrust or coast.GA is used to achieve the global time-optimal orbit transfer.The trajectory optimization problem is transformed into the constraint parameter optimization problem,thus the nonlinear two-point boundary value problem is avoided.The refined Q-law method integrated with the fuzzy logic control is adopted for the end course,the vibration is avoided and the high precision is achieved.The numerical simulation of satellite orbit transfer is implemented.Results show that the new method can achieve the time-optimal orbit transfer and the low energy consumption,thus improving the transfer precision.

Variation law of gas holdup in an autoclave during the pressure leaching process by using a mixed-flow agitator

The multiphase reaction process of pressure leaching is mainly carried out in the liquid phase. Therefore, gas holdup is essential for the gas–liquid–solid phase reaction and the extraction rate of valuable metals. In this paper, a transparent quartz autoclave, a six blades disc turbine-type agitator, and a high-speed camera were used to investigate the gas holdup of the pressure leaching process. Furthermore, experiments determining the effects of agitation rate, temperature, and oxygen partial pressure on gas holdup were carried out. The results showed that when the agitation rate increased from 350 to 600 r/min, the gas holdup increased from 0.10% to 0.64%. When the temperature increased from 363 to 423 K, the gas holdup increased from 0.14% to 0.20%. When the oxygen partial pressure increased from 0.1 to 0.8 MPa, the gas holdup increased from 0.13% to 0.19%. A similar criteria relationship was established by Homogeneous Principle and Buckingham's theorem. Comprehensively, empirical equation of gas holdup was deduced on the basis of experimental data and the similarity theory, where the criterion equation was determined as ε=4.54×10^(-11)n^(3.65)T^(2.08)P_g^(0.18). It can be seen from the formula that agitation rate made the most important impact on gas holdup in the pressure leaching process using the mixed-flow agitator.

Noether's theorem for non-conservative Hamilton system based on El-Nabulsi dynamical model extended by periodic laws

This paper focuses on the Noether symmetries and the conserved quantities for both holonomic and nonholonomic systems based on a new non-conservative dynamical model introduced by E1-Nabulsi. First, the E1-Nabulsi dynamical model which is based on a fractional integral extended by periodic laws is introduced, and E1-Nabulsi-Hamilton＇s canoni- cal equations for non-conservative Hamilton system with holonomic or nonholonomic constraints are established. Second, the definitions and criteria of E1-Nabulsi-Noether symmetrical transformations and quasi-symmetrical transformations are presented in terms of the invariance of E1-Nabulsi-Hamilton action under the infinitesimal transformations of the group. Fi- nally, Noether＇s theorems for the non-conservative Hamilton system under the E1-Nabulsi dynamical system are established, which reveal the relationship between the Noether symmetry and the conserved quantity of the system.

Estimation of Wind Wave Frequency Spectra by Use of the Arcsine Law

In the present study, the surface elevation of wind waves observed in laboratory and in the Bohai Sea are adopted for the estimation of the wind wave frequency spectrtm by use of the method of the arcsine law （MAL）. The traditional method uses the surface elevation to calculate the correlation and then estimate the frequency spectrum while the MAL, presented by Yu and l.an （1979）, uses the time sequence of zero-crossing points of surface elevation rather than directly the surface elevation to calculate the correlation. 66 sets of wind wave data obtained in laboratory and 420 sets of data observed in the Bohai Sea are adopted for the examination of the method introduced by Yu and Lan. Results show that the MAL can give reliable estimation of wind wave spectra. Correlation and form of spectra estimated by the MAL are similar to those estimated by the traditional method. The peak frequency and the spectral density in peak frequency by the MAL are close to those obtained by the traditional method.

Learning material law from displacement fields by artificial neural network

The recently developed data-driven approach can establish the material law for nonlinear elastic composite materials(especially newly developed materials)by the generated stress-strain data under different loading paths(Computational Mechanics,2019).Generally,the displacement(or strain)fields can be obtained relatively easier using digital image correlation(DIC)technique experimentally,but the stress field is hard to be measured.This situation limits the applicability of the proposed data-driven approach.In this paper,a method based on artificial neural network(ANN)to identify stress fields and further obtain the material law of nonlinear elastic materials is presented,which can make the proposed data-driven approach more practical.A numerical example is given to prove the validity of the method.The limitations of the proposed approach are also discussed.

Exponential decay law of acoustic emission and microseismic activities caused by disturbances associated with multilevel loading and mining blast

To investigate decay law of acoustic emission and microseismic activities caused by disturbances associated with multilevel loading and mining blast,a new exponential decay(ED)law was proposed.The results show that the micro-fracture activity decay law after multistage stress loading and blasting disturbance conforms to the ED model,in which the sum of A and n represents the number of initial micro-fracture events,and n represents the level of background micro-fracture events.The ED model can describe the number of initial micro-fracture events with a deviation less than 10%.The ED model outperforms the traditional aftershock models in describing the micro-fracture event decay law in the three cases considered.The ED model can provide a reference for selecting the blasting interval in mines,which is of great significance to maintain the stability of the surrounding rock and ensure safe production in metal mines.

Propagation law of shock waves and gas flow in cross roadway caused by coal and gas outburst

In order to study the propagation law of shock waves and gas flow during coal and gas outburst,we analyzed the formation process of outburst shock waves and gas flow and established the numerical simulation models of the roadways with 45°intersection and 135°intersection to simulate the propagation of outburst gas flow and the process of gas transport.Based on the analysis of the simulation results,we obtained the qualitative and quantitative conclusions on the characteristics and patterns of propagation and attenuation of outburst shock waves and gas flow.With the experimental models,we investigated the outburst shock waves and gas flow in the roadways with the similar structures to the simulated ones.According to the simulation results,when the angle between the driving roadway and the adjacent roadway increased,the sudden pressure variation range in adjacent roadway and the influencing scope of gas flow increased and the sudden pressure variation duration decreased.The intersection between the driving roadway and the adjacent roadway has no effect on airflow reversal induced by the shock waves and gas flow.

Protecting world heritage in China by enacting laws:Sustainable tourism development

Chinese scholars have been debating how to best protect and utilize world heritage.This study discusses three key perspectives on this issue,which are“conflict-focused”,“compromise-oriented”,and“coordination-oriented”.Some typical incidents,which involve damage to heritage resources,are analyzed before a coordination model is presented that maximizes the compatibility of sustainable tourism development and world heritage protection.Finally,this study explores the possibility of constructing a legal system that engages all the stakeholders in protecting world heritage.Chinese lawmakers,for example,should seize the opportunity to create a law concerning national parks,which will modify and integrate existing laws and regulations in order to produce a comprehensive legal system that embodies the fundamental values of world heritage protection and sustainable tourism development.This system should implement the following:(1)maximize the complementary aspects of and mutual benefits derived from both tourism development and world heritage protection;(2)pay special attention to the various restraints that are inherent in the fundamental requirements for world heritage protection;(3)make world heritage protection sustainable while supporting sustainable tourism development;and(4)emphasize the public-interest nature of profits that are obtained by tourism developers while ensuring that the income from tourism is proportionately allotted to heritage protection.

Calculations of Heat Transfer in Torch Furnaces by Gas Volume Radiation Laws

The results stemming from the calculation of heat transfer in torch furnaces by the laws, relating to radiation from solid surfaces and gas volumes are analyzed. The article presents the laws for radiation from gas volumes and the procedure for calculating heat transfer in torch furnaces, fire boxes, and combustion chambers, elaborated on their basis. The example of heat transfer calculation in a torch furnace is given, and it is significantly non-uniform in nature. Non-uniformity of heat flux distribution on heating surfaces is given. According to the results of calculations, a new furnace is designed to decrease the non-uniformity of ingot heating, fuel rate, and increase the furnace capacity. The calculation results of the distribution of heat fluxes on the heating surfaces are given in changing torch geometric dimensions. These results are confirmed by experimental studies.

On the Choice of the Path for the Development of the Rule of Law in China: From the Perspective of Improving the Rule of Law Quality by Promoting the Substantive Rule of Law

The continuous debate on the formal rule of law and the substantive rule of law in the construction of the rule of law in China not only affects the understanding of the connotation of the rule of law in China,but also the choice of the path for the development of the rule of law in China.In the new stage of “comprehensively advancing the Law-Based Governance of China”,the process of “comprehensively advancing the Law-Based Governance of China” is also a process of continuously improving the rule of law quality in China.And from this perspective,the relationship between the formal rule of law and the substantive rule of law has got a new meaning.Promoting the substantive rule of law is an important way to realize the development of the rule of law and improve the quality of the rule of law.At the same time,the promotion of the substantive rule of law should follow the “people-centered” nature of the rule of law and the objective is conducive to the promotion of the rule of law and the formation of the “rule of law ecology”.

Analysis on the law of differentiating and treating insomnia by physicians based on cluster analysis of drug syndrome

Objective:To explore the general differentiation and treatment of insomnia by Professor Gao Ying through drug clustering and group correspondence analysis,and provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:Collect retrospective case data from outpatient system,use SPSS20.0 software to perform frequency and cluster analysis on high-frequency symptoms and drug data,and perform corresponding analysis on the clustered drug syndrome groups.Results:A total of 349 consultations in 204 patients were included.Cluster analysis of 35 symptoms and 40 flavors with a frequency of more than 10%resulted in a corresponding relationship between 7 symptom groups,6 drug groups and 5 drug syndrome groups.The medicine symptom group has a high degree of matching;the doctors distinguish and tre at insomnia with calming,clearing heat,nourishing yin,liver,spleen,qi and phlegm as the core treatment,with consistent decoction,two to pill,lily ground Huang Tang,Lily Zhimu Decoction,Wendan Decoction,Sini San,Xiao Chai Hu Tang,Xiaoyao San,etc.are commonly used prescriptions;the physician's experience is to add or subtract Danshen and Zao Ren drink,which has a wide range of applicability to various insomnia syndrome.Conclusion:Based on the cluster analysis of drug symptoms and group correspondence analysis,it can reveal the pathogenesis,treatment and class information hidden in the data of drug symptoms,which can reflect the general law of physicians'syndrome differentiation and treatment of insomnia.This method has a reference for the exploration of TCM clinical experience significance;The results of this study can provide feedback to guide the clinical diagnosis and treatment of insomnia.

Analysis on Capitalization of Rural Land Ownership in China by Law and Economics

To find solutions for legal system for capitalization of rural land ownership in China,this paper studied and analyzed existing problems in rural land system and legal environment using legal theory and transaction cost theory. Results indicated that(i) the restriction of institutional condition upon property right and transaction is more essential,and key points include the relationship of entities of right formed jointly by the state,collective and farmers,accurate positioning of property right structure,and security for land appreciation income right and allocation mechanism;(ii) the land property right structure should select a legal structure with minimum transaction cost. It is concluded that entitling the ownership to a single entity is an economical method to eliminate current conflict of rural land right.

Equivalence of Uniqueness in Law and Joint Uniqueness in Law for SDEs Driven by Poisson Processes

We give an extension result of Watanabe’s characterization for 2-dimensional Poisson processes. By using this result, the equivalence of uniqueness in law and joint uniqueness in law is proved for one-dimensional stochastic differential equations driven by Poisson processes. After that, we give a simplified Engelbert theorem for the stochastic differential equations of this type.

Entropy Analysis of Vapor-Compression Refrigeration System by Using the Second Law of Thermodynamics

By means of the Second Law of Thermodynamics,thispaper gives out the entropy analysis method for vapor-comperession refrigeration system.The thermal irrevers-ibility of the system charged with R12 and its hopeful al-ternative refrlgerant R134a have been studied respective-ly.On the basis of all the research results of this paper,the measure used to save energy for vapor-compressionrefrigeration system has been put out.

Perception of Abortion and Abortion Laws by Lawyers in Anambra State Nigeria

Abortion is the knowing destruction of the life of an unborn child in the womb other than for the principal purpose of producing a life birth or removal of a dead tissue. The Nigeria law stipulates that abortion is allowed only where there is risk to the life of the woman and or to her physical or mental health. This study is aimed at determining the perception of abortion and the relevant laws by lawyers in Anambra State, Nigeria. It is a descriptive cross sectional study carried out between May-June 2010 using pre-tested self administered questionnaires to collect data from consenting 200 lawyers in the 3 major towns of Anambra State. All the respondents knew about abortion, recognized health hazards associated with it and mentioned infertility as the major complication of abortion (53%) followed by death (52.5%) and bleeding (42.5%). About 80% of respondents said abortion should be allowed in cases of danger to woman’s life, rape or incest. Eighty-five percent of the lawyers were aware of the existing abortion law in Nigeria and 76.5% of this knew abortion was legal only to save the life of the woman. Only 26% were in support of legalization of abortion. The Lawyers recommended health education and family planning, among others as means of preventing abortion and its complications. Stigma associated with abortion should be removed to improve free reporting of abortion cases for legal actions. Further research should involve other stakeholders on abortion to make for a holistic approach to the problem.

S-rough Laws and Its Dependent Separation by F-Interference

By employing function S-rough sets,the concepts of f-interference generation and separation of law,and the F-interference generation and separation of S-rough laws were proposed. Base on the concepts above,the F-interference relation theorems,the F-interference discernibility theorem,the dependent separation theorem by interfereence,and the dependent separation principle by interference were presented; finally the application was given. By employing F-interference dependence and separation of S-rough laws,the changes of characteristic of dynamic systemic regularities could be recognized.