Editorial Commentary:The History of Controlling and Treating Infectious Diseases in Ancient China

I recently read the article by LIU et all entitled The History of Controlling and Treating Infectious Diseases in Ancient China with great interest.The paper comprehensively summarizes ancient Chinese approaches to combat epidemics,elucidating them through the lens of three key elements of infectious diseases.Summarizing thousands of years of records detailing major infectious disease occurrences across various dynasties is no small feat.

Bringing New Life to the Ancient Grand Canal Celebrating the Tenth Anniversary of the Grand Canal'S Inscription on the World Heritage List

A Grand Canal,spanning ancient and modern times,traversing north and south,flows endlessly.The Grand Canal,stretching nearly 3,200 kilometers and with a history of over 2,500 years,is the world's largest,longest,and oldest canal.On June 22,2014,the Grand Canal was officially inscribed on the World Heritage List by the World Heritage Committee at its 38th session.

The Ancient Town of Nanxun

Built in 1252 during the Southern Song Dynasty(1127-1279),Nanxun boasts a rich cultural legacy that has accumulated throughout 700 years.THE ancient town of Nanxun is located in Nanxun District of Huzhou City,east China’s Zhejiang Province,nestled in the prosperous heart of the Yangtze River Delta region.

Spatial structural characteristics of the Deda ancient landslide in the eastern Tibetan Plateau:Insights from Audio-frequency Magnetotellurics and the Microtremor Survey Method

It is of crucial importance to investigate the spatial structures of ancient landslides in the eastern Tibetan Plateau’s alpine canyons as they could provide valuable insights into the evolutionary history of the landslides and indicate the potential for future reactivation.This study examines the Deda ancient landslide,situated in the Chalong-ranbu fault zone,where creep deformation suggests a complex underground structure.By integrating remote sensing,field surveys,Audio-frequency Magnetotellurics(AMT),and Microtremor Survey Method(MSM)techniques,along with engineering geological drilling for validation,to uncover the landslide’s spatial feature s.The research indicates that a fault is developed in the upper part of the Deda ancient landslide,and the gully divides it into Deda landslide accumulation zoneⅠand Deda landslide accumulation zoneⅡin space.The distinctive geological characteristics detectable by MSM in the shallow subsurface and by AMT in deeper layers.The findings include the identification of two sliding zones in the Deda I landslide,the shallow sliding zone(DD-I-S1)depth is approximately 20 m,and the deep sliding zone(DD-I-S2)depth is 36.2-49.9 m.The sliding zone(DD-Ⅱ-S1)depth of the DedaⅡlandslide is 37.6-43.1 m.A novel MSM-based method for sliding zone identification is proposed,achieving less than 5%discrepancy in depth determination when compared with drilling data.These results provide a valuable reference for the spatial structural analysis of large-deepseated landslides in geologically complex regions like the eastern Tibetan Plateau.

Spatial Protection and Development of Traditional Mountain Settlements from the Perspective of Self-organization : A Case Study of Anju Ancient Town in Tongliang District, Chongqing

Through literature research, field research and urban design analysis methods, based on the self-organization theory, the evolution characteristics of the settlement space of Anju Ancient Town with significant characteristics of traditional mountain settlements were analyzed, and then its internal and external influencing factors were summarized. Finally, appropriate protection and development strategies were proposed, such as reasonably planning functional zones, breaking through the single structure, and creating a good living cultural environment. The innovation of this study is that it integrates the self-organization theory into the cognition of traditional mountain settlement space, and discusses the connection between the mountain settlement space and the traditional regional context under the modern development concept, so as to seek the benign protection and reasonable development of traditional mountain settlement space.

Reanalysis on the Spectral Characteristics and Materials of Jade Jue Unearthed from Lijiashan Ancient Tomb in Yunnan Province, China

Jade ware Jue is one of the most fashionable ornament in ancient China from the Neolithic Age to the Han Dynasty.In this study,the remnants of jade ware Jue,from Lijiashan ancient tomb group have been tested and analyzed respectively.The samples through a light etch surface showing glass luster and those with a severe etch surface showing earthen luster.With the aid of X-ray fluorescence Spectrometer(X-ray Fluorescence)test and X-ray diffraction(XRD)detection,the results show that tremolite is not the main mineral of the sample.The main components of the tested samples with light erosion are antigorite and talc,although the main components of the samples with severe erosion are calcite containing calcium carbonate barium.Furthermore,the research on jade ware Jue in Yunnan culture has not only contributed to our further understanding of the jade objects from Yunnan culture and the variety of jade material located in the Yunnan Province.It also provides a basis for the trace of the history and culture through the distribution and evolution of burial hierarchy laws.At the same time,the microscopic observation of the tested samples manifested a residual trace of“string”at the perforation,which has played a critical role in restoring the wearing of jade ware Jue from the tombs of the ancient Yunnan State and the handicraft skills at that time.

Study on the Impacts of Tourism Development in Letong Ancient Town:A Resident Perception-Based Approach

Residents constitute the principal elements of regional tourism deveopment,and their behavioral cognition will play a certain role in promoting local tourism development.In recent years,although tourism along the Sichuan-Tibet Line(318 and 317 routes)has made some progress,there are some problems,such as homogenization of products,a single local culture,and inconspicuous brand characteristics.At the same time,due to the remote geographical location,living conditions,health conditions,and other imperfections,resulting in greater constraints on tourism development.This article employs Letong Ancient Town as a representative case study,and discusses the impact of tourism development on the local economy,environment,society,and culture from the perspective of residents’perception through field research and data analysis,thereby providing a reference for regional tourism development.

Analysis of the Teaching of Ancient Chinese History in the Heritage Conservation Technology Major

Ancient Chinese history is an important part of the curriculum of the Heritage Conservation Technology major.Students can better understand the history of cultural relics and improve their humanistic literacy,which will help them in restoring cultural relics.At present,there are numerous challenges in teaching ancient Chinese history in the Heritage Conservation Technology major.These challenges necessitate the development of effective teaching reform strategies.This paper outlines these challenges and explores effective teaching reform strategies to provide a reference for educators.

Redevelopment Strategies of Tourism Landscape Resources in Ancient Villages of Southern Anhui Province

The ancient villages in southern Anhui Province are the cradle of Hsin-an Culture, where natural and cultural resources form the distinctive tourism resources. The paper elaborates the kinds of tourism landscape resources in ancient villages in southern Anhui, analyzes the existing problems during the current development process, suggests the principles of redevelopment and the reconstruction form of tourism products and finally attempts to discuss its future development models.

Research on Monitoring and Early-warning Standards of Ancient and Famous Trees Protection in the Humble Administrator's Garden

Based on the current situation and symptoms of the trees' growth in the Humble Administrator's Garden,this paper put forward corresponding monitoring and early-warning standards and technical measures of the ancient and famous trees protection in the Humble Administrator's Garden specifically.The aim of doing this is to establish a scientific basis for the protection of the ancient and famous trees in the Humble Administrator's Garden by setting up systematic fundamental data,dynamic protection standard grades and technique measures of protecting the trees.The main symptom of trees in the Humble Administrator's Garden is the erosion and decay of the tree trunks.Fifteen tree trunks need technical protection,which holds 65.22% of the total sum of trees in the Humble Administrator's Garden.Therefore,much more emphasis should be paid in strengthening technical protection procedures of monitoring and early warning of the tree trunks in the future protection of the ancient and famous trees in the garden.Besides,the rejuvenation technique of rooting zone and rooting system,tree pruning technique as well as tree supporting measures according to the specific condition and symptom of the trees should be concerned with in order to protect the ancient and famous trees in the Humble Administrator's Garden in a more scientific and effective way.

Research on Protection and Development of Traditional Ancient Towns in Southern Sichuan of China—A Case Study of Luocheng Ancient Town in China

Through the field study on Luocheng Town that is a traditional ancient town in Southern Sichuan,the paper has concluded existing resources and current situation of it.After the illustration of the general situation and protection value of Luocheng ancient town,it has analyzed the protection situation and existing problems,and considered that its landscape and environment has been seriously destroyed and architectures have been damaged gravely,protection capitals are lacked and the publicity of ancient towns protection is insufficient.In view of above problems,constructive suggestions have been proposed for the protection and development of ancient towns.It should conduct reasonable protection and planning,adjust functional structure of ancient towns,retain the completeness and integrity of ancient towns,and enhance and improve residents' protection consciousness,so as to promote the protection and sustainable development of traditional ancient towns in Southern Sichuan.

Current Situation,Symptoms and Protective Techniques of Ancient Trees in the Master-of-Nets Garden

Growth conditions,symptoms of ancient trees in the Master-of-Nets Garden were investigated,it was found that there were 6 ancient trees about 120-920 years old in this garden,belonging to 5 genera and 5 families.Generally speaking,ancient trees in this garden grow well due to the proper protection,and 3 of them need only regular management,specifically,Pinus bungeana Zucc.,Podocarpus macrophyllus(Thunb.)D.Don,Wisteria sinensis Sweet in south yard of Dianchun Yi(the Peony Study),while another three need key protection,specifically,Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne,Sabina chinensis(Linn.)Ant.,W.sinensis Sweet,2 of which need corrosion prevention and filling protection,and another one needs comprehensive techniques for the rejuvenation of tree vigor.In view of symptoms of these 3 trees requiring key protection,corresponding techniques were proposed as below:3 steps for protecting C.sinensis Koehne(A.clearing and sterilizing tree holes,painting anti-corrosion protective agent;B.filling holes;C.sealing holes);3 steps for protecting W.sinensis Sweet(A.clearing up rotten xylem;B.anti-corrosion and sterilization processing for trunk;C.painting anti-corrosion agent);4 steps for S.chinensis(Linn.)Ant.(A.clearing climbing plants around it;B.clearing rotten xylem;C.filling holes;D.improving rhizosphere and rejuvenation of the tree).

Rehabilitation and Identification of Ancient Geomorphology in Pre-Carboniferous to the East Region of the 7^(th) Well in Lungu

After the break of sedimentation from middle Ordovician to early Carboniferous, Lunnan ancient buried hill received deposition again in the middle of Carboniferous. According to the seismic structural explanation and analysis of structural background, the research was carried out upon Ordovician soluble stratum and the distribution of soluble regions to the east of the 7th well in Lungu. In light of impression method and residual thickness method, and through the analysis of corresponding relations between upper and lower strata of ancient weathering crust in the research area, the gap between the bottom of doublet limestone, the symbol stratum in Carboniferous regions, and Ordovician buried hill stratum was filled. By applying impression method and residual thickness method, pre-Carboniferous paleokarst geomorphology in this region was rehabilitated, so as to prepare for the identification of ancient geomorphology. Geomorphic units such as karst highlands, karst gentle slopes and karst peak-cluster valleys were distinguished as alternative objective regions for further reservoir prediction work.

Empirical Research on Tourism Authenticity of Ancient Cultural City——A Case Study of Lijiang Ancient City in China

On the basis of tourism authenticity theory and field investigation and analysis of Lijiang ancient city, the paper had explored tourists' tourism authenticity, and further revealed the inner relation between tourism authenticity and tourism motivation of ancient cultural cities. It was found that ancient cultural cities generally had the highest objective authenticity, followed by existential, constructive and post-modern authenticity. As for tourism motivation, motivation of knowledge function, of reward maximization, of punishment minimization, of self-esteem and of self-fulfillment presented to diminish progressively. Relationships between four types of tourism authenticity and five types of tourism motivations also varied from each other. It had enriched empirical quantitative research results of domestic tourism authenticity in theory, and provided application value for the research on realistic tourism market and planning activity based on tourists in practice.

Analysis of Strategies to Improve Traffic Conditions in the Ancient Urban Area of Suzhou

In this paper, the authors first analyse the problems existing in the situation of land use, structure of travel mode and road network by applying the basic principle of traffic engineering and system engineering methods. Then, the authors make it clear the strategies to be adopted for solving the existing traffic problems in the ancient urban area of Suzhou(AUAS), namely insisting on the goal based strategy; the strategy to develop the public transit system in priority and decreasing the demand on cars from the view point of land use strategy. On the basis of such analysis the authors put forth proposals about major measures to be taken to improve traffic conditions of the AUAS, such as construction of express artery ring around the ancient city, appropriate transformation of the roads in the AUAS and rational distribution of car parking areas at the outskirt, which are of positive significance in guiding the protection of the AUAS and transportation construction. In this paper, specialized software is used to establish criteria for the construction scale and extent analysis and evaluation of the ancient city construction project, which is of some reference significance to the transformation of old urban areas in other cities.

Rural Tourism Development of the Ancient Village in Guangxi Province—A Case Study of Yangmei Ancient Town of Nanning City

In view of current problems in rural tourism development of the ancient villages in Guangxi Province, and based on viewpoints of some scholars, the paper proposed some opinions and suggestions by a case study of how tourism development in Yangmei Town serving metropolitan construction of Nanning at Beibu Gulf.

Protection and Management for Ancient Villages from the Perspective of Human Settlement Environment——A Case Study of Xichong Village,Sikou Town,Wuyuan County

As urbanization continues, traditional villages are confronted by the conflict between protection and development, especially for ancient villages in living envi- ronment. China landscape is so vast, dominated by rural areas. Human settlement environment of ancient villages is so important for studying domestic human settle- ment environment, including ancient structure analysis and eco-resource organization. The research explored Xichong Village, Sikou Town, Wuyuan County and detailed how to improve its environment, providing references for ancient village development in settlement environment.

Temperature effect on the structural strains of an ancient Tibetan building based on long-term monitoring data

Many studies have indicated that structural strain will be significantly influenced by temperature variations,and a good understanding of the effect of temperature on structural strain is essential.A structural health monitoring system has been installed in a typical Tibetan timber building to measure the structural strains and ambient temperature since 2012.This paper presents the correlation between temperature and strain data from the monitored structure.A method combining singular spectrum analysis and polynomial regression is proposed for modeling the temperature induced strains in the structure.Singular spectrum analysis is applied to smooth the temperature data,and the correlation between the resulting temperature time series and the measured strains is obtained by polynomial regression.Parameters of the singular spectrum analysis and the regression model are selected to have the least regression error.Results show that the proposed method has both good reproduction and prediction capabilities for temperature induced strains,and that the method is accurate and effective for eliminating the effect of temperature from the measured strain.A standardized Novelty Index based on the residual strain is also used for the condition assessment of the structure.

Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA from the Ancient Tombs of Turfan

MtDNA was successfully extracted from ten individual bones (femurs) in the tombs of ancient Jushi in Turfan basin, dated back to the year about 3 000-2 500 years ago. By means of four overlapping primers, we got nucleotide sequence of the 218bp length. Ancient mtDNA was analyzed by the sequencing of hypervariable region Ⅰ of the mtDNA control region. The result shows that 9 haplotypes with 24 polymorphic sites were obtained. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that Mongolians and Altai are the population genetically closest to the Jushi groups and Jushi mtDNA pool being an admixture of eastern Asian and European lineages. So our preliminary data imply that an ancient mingling of Euro-Asian population had existed in Turfan basin prior to the early Iron Age.

Pollen and Phytolith Analyses of Ancient Paddy Fields at Chuodun Site, the Yangtze River Delta

A number of paddy fields pertaining to the Majiabang Cultures (5500-3800 years BC) were discovered during the archaeological excavations that were carried out since 1998 at the Chuodun site in the Yangtze River Delta. The pollen and phytolith analyses of two soil profiles from the northeastern part of this site were carried out to trace the agricultural practices of the Neolithic period. The phytolith results showed that rice domestication in the Yangtze River Delta could be traced back to as early as the Majiabang Culture. The pollen assemblage also revealed low levels of aquatic species, similar to that in modern paddy fields. This finding suggested that humans might have removed weeds for rice cultivation during the Neolithic period. Thus, pollen analysis in association with phytolith analysis was a promising method for identifying ancient paddy fields.