Toxoplasmosis is an important cause of reproductive failure in man and farm animals resulting in significant socio-economic losses worldwide. The aim of this study was to avail large scale data-regarding the sero-prev...Toxoplasmosis is an important cause of reproductive failure in man and farm animals resulting in significant socio-economic losses worldwide. The aim of this study was to avail large scale data-regarding the sero-prevalence of T. gondii infection in dairy animals from the Khartoum State, Sudan using the commercially available Latex Agglutination Diagnostic kits. The study revealed that the overall seroprevalence of T. gondii infection at herd level of dairy animals in the State was 92.7%. The within herd seroprevalence was ranging from 8% up to 100% with mean of 51.3% in different herds of different dairy animals species in the State. Only 6 herds, 3 herds, 3 herds and 1 herd of cattle, camel sheep and goat respectively were found to be clean from anti-T, gondii antibody in the present study. Interestingly, most of the clean herds （12 herds） are located in the Khartoum district. The differences between the three districts, the seven localities and the four animal species were statistically highly significant （P 〈 0.01）. The overall sero-prevalence of T. gondii infection in dairy animals--at individual level--was 45.3%. Sheep scored the highest seroprevalence rate （75.0%） followed by goats （64.0%）, camels （54.1%） and cattle （40.9%） with high statistically significant differences （P 〈 0.01）. The highest level of antibody titration was reported in sheep and goats. This is the first area-wide and large scale report on seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in dairy animals from the Sudan. It was concluded that dairy animals in the Sudan are widely exposed to T. gondii and people in the Sudan should be aware of the possibility of hyper-prevalence of human toxoplasmosis through these food animals. Research on clinical toxoplasmosis in dairy animals and human in the Sudan is recommended to evaluate the role T. gondii infection in economical losses in dairy farm industry and for building strategy of sustainable toxoplasmosis control.展开更多
Objective： To explore the safety and effect of the technique of reconstructing anterior and middle columns by posterior approach in treating lumbar burst fractures. Methods： From July 2005 to January 2007, 22 cases ...Objective： To explore the safety and effect of the technique of reconstructing anterior and middle columns by posterior approach in treating lumbar burst fractures. Methods： From July 2005 to January 2007, 22 cases （18 males and 4 females, aged 28-57 years, 42.7 years on average） of lumbar burst fractures were treated with surgical procedures in our hospital. Based on the routine posterior approach, one of the transverse processes of the injured vertebra was incised to get access to the lateral side of the injured vetebral body. After all the displaced fracture fragments were cleared away and the spinal canal was decompressed, the titanium mesh packed with autografts was implanted from the lateral side to reconstruct the anterior and middle columns. The adjacent above and below segments of the vetebral body were fixed with transpedicular screws. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, vertebral height, degree of kyphotic deformity and comprised spinal canal were documented. Results： The average operation time was 3.5 hours （ranging 2.8-5.8 hours） and the average blood loss was 820 ml （ranging 650-2 100 ml）. All the cases were followed up for 17.2 months on average （ ranging 12-28 months）. The height of the injured vetebral body was restored from 24 % （12%- 45%） preoperatively to 96% （95%-99%） postoperatively （P〈0.05）. The natural spinal curvatures and spinal canal were restored. Three cases were involved in transient iatrogenic nerve root injury and 1 case was involved in the loosening of the connected rod of the pedicle screw system 3 months postoperatively. Conclusions： The technique of implanting the titanium mesh by posterior approach is effective and safe enough to reconstruct the anterior and middle columns in treating lumbar burst fractures.展开更多
文摘Toxoplasmosis is an important cause of reproductive failure in man and farm animals resulting in significant socio-economic losses worldwide. The aim of this study was to avail large scale data-regarding the sero-prevalence of T. gondii infection in dairy animals from the Khartoum State, Sudan using the commercially available Latex Agglutination Diagnostic kits. The study revealed that the overall seroprevalence of T. gondii infection at herd level of dairy animals in the State was 92.7%. The within herd seroprevalence was ranging from 8% up to 100% with mean of 51.3% in different herds of different dairy animals species in the State. Only 6 herds, 3 herds, 3 herds and 1 herd of cattle, camel sheep and goat respectively were found to be clean from anti-T, gondii antibody in the present study. Interestingly, most of the clean herds （12 herds） are located in the Khartoum district. The differences between the three districts, the seven localities and the four animal species were statistically highly significant （P 〈 0.01）. The overall sero-prevalence of T. gondii infection in dairy animals--at individual level--was 45.3%. Sheep scored the highest seroprevalence rate （75.0%） followed by goats （64.0%）, camels （54.1%） and cattle （40.9%） with high statistically significant differences （P 〈 0.01）. The highest level of antibody titration was reported in sheep and goats. This is the first area-wide and large scale report on seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in dairy animals from the Sudan. It was concluded that dairy animals in the Sudan are widely exposed to T. gondii and people in the Sudan should be aware of the possibility of hyper-prevalence of human toxoplasmosis through these food animals. Research on clinical toxoplasmosis in dairy animals and human in the Sudan is recommended to evaluate the role T. gondii infection in economical losses in dairy farm industry and for building strategy of sustainable toxoplasmosis control.
文摘Objective： To explore the safety and effect of the technique of reconstructing anterior and middle columns by posterior approach in treating lumbar burst fractures. Methods： From July 2005 to January 2007, 22 cases （18 males and 4 females, aged 28-57 years, 42.7 years on average） of lumbar burst fractures were treated with surgical procedures in our hospital. Based on the routine posterior approach, one of the transverse processes of the injured vertebra was incised to get access to the lateral side of the injured vetebral body. After all the displaced fracture fragments were cleared away and the spinal canal was decompressed, the titanium mesh packed with autografts was implanted from the lateral side to reconstruct the anterior and middle columns. The adjacent above and below segments of the vetebral body were fixed with transpedicular screws. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, vertebral height, degree of kyphotic deformity and comprised spinal canal were documented. Results： The average operation time was 3.5 hours （ranging 2.8-5.8 hours） and the average blood loss was 820 ml （ranging 650-2 100 ml）. All the cases were followed up for 17.2 months on average （ ranging 12-28 months）. The height of the injured vetebral body was restored from 24 % （12%- 45%） preoperatively to 96% （95%-99%） postoperatively （P〈0.05）. The natural spinal curvatures and spinal canal were restored. Three cases were involved in transient iatrogenic nerve root injury and 1 case was involved in the loosening of the connected rod of the pedicle screw system 3 months postoperatively. Conclusions： The technique of implanting the titanium mesh by posterior approach is effective and safe enough to reconstruct the anterior and middle columns in treating lumbar burst fractures.
