Objective:The clinical treatment of brain diseases is urgent. Xingnaojing (XNJ) injection is often used in combination with other injection drugs. Due to the possible interaction between the injections in vivo, the pa...Objective:The clinical treatment of brain diseases is urgent. Xingnaojing (XNJ) injection is often used in combination with other injection drugs. Due to the possible interaction between the injections in vivo, the particle size, osmotic pressure, pH value change and component stability decrease, that is one of the important factors causing various adverse reactions. Based on the above situation, this study investigated the physical properties and chemical composition changes of XNJ injection and its compatibility solvent and 13 kinds of clinical injection, speculated the possible interactions between the drugs in vivo from the perspective of in vitro compatibility stability, find out the safety risks of adverse reactions and provide guidance for the safe and rational use of XNJ injection. Methods:According to the clinical application, XNJ injection was mixed with 13 combination injections based on 250 mL 5% glucose injection, and placed at room temperature for 6 h. Then, the clarity, particle size, pH, osmolality, and the contents of camphor, d-borneol, and muscone of the compatible solutions were detected at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h, respectively. Results:The results showed that the physical-chemical properties of compatibility solution were slightly influenced when XNJ was combined with Alprostadil injection and Danhong injection. The change of particle size and the degradation of muscone content were the main factors affecting the compatibility stability of XNJ injection, indicating that there are some problems in compatibility stability, which may be one of the causes of clinical adverse reactions. Conclusion:This study suggests that XNJ injection in combination with other injections during intravenous administration should be performed cautiously.展开更多
The one-year-old seedlings of Blumea balsamifera （L.） DC. were applied with CaCl2.H2O that supplied Ca in slow growth period of winter three times. The heights, ground diameters, leaf lengths, leaf widths and biomas...The one-year-old seedlings of Blumea balsamifera （L.） DC. were applied with CaCl2.H2O that supplied Ca in slow growth period of winter three times. The heights, ground diameters, leaf lengths, leaf widths and biomasses of B. balsamifera plants were measured. In addition, the relative contents of total flavones in different parts of B. balsamifera were determined by UV spectrophotometry, and the absolute contents of total flavones were calculated. The relative contents of L-borneol in leaves of B. balsamifera were determined by GC, and the absolute contents of L- borneol were calculated. The results showed that calcium element significantly in- creased the biomasses in leaves, stems and roots of B. balsamifera in slow growth period of winter. The leaf biomass of B. balsamifera in the 5 g/L CaCl2-H2O treat- ment group was significantly higher than those in the other three treatment groups. The leaf biomasses of B. balsamifera in the 10 and 15 g/L CaCl2.H2O treatment groups were significantly higher than that in the CK, with 3.03 and 2.65 times, re- spectively. The application of Ca inhibited the accumulation of total flavones relative contents, but significantly increased the total flavones absolute contents in different parts of B. balsamifera. The relative and absolute contents of L-borneol in the 5 g/L CaCl2 .H2O treatment group were 0.22% and 0.22 g, which were increased by 37.50%, 22.22%, 37.50% and 100%, 100%, 450%, respectively compared with those in the 0, 10 and 15 g/L CaCl2.H2O treatment groups. The Ca element could signifi- cantly promote the accumulation of biomasses in leaves, stems and roots, as well as the absolute contents of total flavones and L-borneol in B. balsamifera in slow growth period of winter.展开更多
DDF （dry dipterocarp forest） is importantly deciduous forest type in Thailand since it consists of important tree species for timber products and non-timber products. So, people would like to come to use these produ...DDF （dry dipterocarp forest） is importantly deciduous forest type in Thailand since it consists of important tree species for timber products and non-timber products. So, people would like to come to use these products for daily uses in this forest type. The main aim of this study is to evaluate significant biophysical factors for DDF distribution using factor analysis and to model DDF distribution using ENFA （ecological niche factor analysis）. In this study, 13 watersheds of Ping Basin in northern Thailand were selected as the study site based on availability of forest inventory data in 2007 from DNP （Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation）. Basic biophysical data for data analysis included forest inventory data （179 DDF plots）, 10 climatic data, three topographic data, and one soil data. For identification and evaluation of biophysical factors for DDF distribution using factor analysis, the first three factors, namely DDF-1, DDF-2 and DDF-3, had been extracted with 95.35% of total variance. These three components were used to predict DDF distribution based on HS （habitat suitability） with ENFA. In practice, the results were validated with AVI （absolute validation index） and CVI （contrast validation index） with validated forest inventory dataset. This evaluation shows that DDF-2 model is the best HS data consisting of four physical factors （mean annually temperature, mean monthly maximum temperature, mean monthly minimum temperature, and elevation）, which is able to effectively used for habitat suitability for DDF distribution prediction. It was found that habitat suitability for DDF distribution can be classified into four classes including high suitable habitat, moderate suitable habitat, low suitable habitat, and unsuitable habitat. As a result, DDF distributions with high suitable habitat are highly related with DDF forest inventory plots of DNP. Thus, the obtained output can be further used for DDF rehabilitation according to climate and topographic factors.展开更多
Lowland tropical forest in Peninsular Malaysia consist a valuable dipterocarp timber species. In fact, dipterocarp tree species growth well when the ecology is maintained and their growth are dependent on the micro cl...Lowland tropical forest in Peninsular Malaysia consist a valuable dipterocarp timber species. In fact, dipterocarp tree species growth well when the ecology is maintained and their growth are dependent on the micro climate and also affected by lithology types. This study was carried out to identify and map tree species dominancy by lithology types at Hulu Sedili Forest Reserve （HSFR） using Geographic Information System （GIS） technique. Different lithology type maps were derived namely Igneous, Sedimentary and Limestone. Through GIS operations tree species data collected from pre-felling inventory and ground survey were overlaid with lithology features. Results showed that at Sedimentary and Igneous types, the presence of dipterocarpaceae family is only 3.09%, and non-dipterocarpaceae family was 96.91%. Syzygium spp. （19.83%） was the most abundance in Igneous and Sedimentary. Meanwhile, Elateriospermum tapos （9.92%） and Lauraceae＇s family （7.22%） were found to be the most dominant species in Sedimentary types, Macaranga spp. （11.21%） and Elateriospermum tapos （11.02%） in igneous types. However, a Limestone type was discarded from analysis due to unavailable pre-felling data. Thus, this study indicated that there was variation in species dominancy of different lithology types. On the other hand, GIS demonstrated its capability as a useful tool in identifying and maps the location of trees species based on lithology types.展开更多
Both geniposide （Ge） and natural borneol （NB） are bioactive substances derived from traditional Chinese herbs. The effect of NB on the pharmacokinetics of Ge in rat via intranasal administration was investigated. ...Both geniposide （Ge） and natural borneol （NB） are bioactive substances derived from traditional Chinese herbs. The effect of NB on the pharmacokinetics of Ge in rat via intranasal administration was investigated. The concentrations of Ge in plasma were determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） after intranasal administration of Ge （4 mg/kg） alone and combined with different doses （0.08, 0.8, and 8 mg/kg） of NB. The intravenous administration was given as a reference （4 mg/kg of Ge and 8 mg/kg of NB）. Compared with the intravenous administration, the absolute bioavailability of Ge was 76.14% through intranasal administration combined with NB. Compared with the intranasal administration of Ge alone, Ge could be absorbed rapidly in the nasal cavity combined with NB; the peak time of Ge in the plasma became shorter （3-5 min vs. 40 min）; the peak concentration became higher （1.32-4.25 IJg/ml vs. 0.67 ug/ml）; and, the relative bioavailability of Ge combined with NB was 90.3%-237.8%. The enhancing effect was attenuated as the dose of NB decreased. The results indicated that NB can accelerate the absorption of Ge dose-dependently in the nasal cavity.展开更多
文摘Objective:The clinical treatment of brain diseases is urgent. Xingnaojing (XNJ) injection is often used in combination with other injection drugs. Due to the possible interaction between the injections in vivo, the particle size, osmotic pressure, pH value change and component stability decrease, that is one of the important factors causing various adverse reactions. Based on the above situation, this study investigated the physical properties and chemical composition changes of XNJ injection and its compatibility solvent and 13 kinds of clinical injection, speculated the possible interactions between the drugs in vivo from the perspective of in vitro compatibility stability, find out the safety risks of adverse reactions and provide guidance for the safe and rational use of XNJ injection. Methods:According to the clinical application, XNJ injection was mixed with 13 combination injections based on 250 mL 5% glucose injection, and placed at room temperature for 6 h. Then, the clarity, particle size, pH, osmolality, and the contents of camphor, d-borneol, and muscone of the compatible solutions were detected at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h, respectively. Results:The results showed that the physical-chemical properties of compatibility solution were slightly influenced when XNJ was combined with Alprostadil injection and Danhong injection. The change of particle size and the degradation of muscone content were the main factors affecting the compatibility stability of XNJ injection, indicating that there are some problems in compatibility stability, which may be one of the causes of clinical adverse reactions. Conclusion:This study suggests that XNJ injection in combination with other injections during intravenous administration should be performed cautiously.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(8140303581374065)~~
文摘The one-year-old seedlings of Blumea balsamifera （L.） DC. were applied with CaCl2.H2O that supplied Ca in slow growth period of winter three times. The heights, ground diameters, leaf lengths, leaf widths and biomasses of B. balsamifera plants were measured. In addition, the relative contents of total flavones in different parts of B. balsamifera were determined by UV spectrophotometry, and the absolute contents of total flavones were calculated. The relative contents of L-borneol in leaves of B. balsamifera were determined by GC, and the absolute contents of L- borneol were calculated. The results showed that calcium element significantly in- creased the biomasses in leaves, stems and roots of B. balsamifera in slow growth period of winter. The leaf biomass of B. balsamifera in the 5 g/L CaCl2-H2O treat- ment group was significantly higher than those in the other three treatment groups. The leaf biomasses of B. balsamifera in the 10 and 15 g/L CaCl2.H2O treatment groups were significantly higher than that in the CK, with 3.03 and 2.65 times, re- spectively. The application of Ca inhibited the accumulation of total flavones relative contents, but significantly increased the total flavones absolute contents in different parts of B. balsamifera. The relative and absolute contents of L-borneol in the 5 g/L CaCl2 .H2O treatment group were 0.22% and 0.22 g, which were increased by 37.50%, 22.22%, 37.50% and 100%, 100%, 450%, respectively compared with those in the 0, 10 and 15 g/L CaCl2.H2O treatment groups. The Ca element could signifi- cantly promote the accumulation of biomasses in leaves, stems and roots, as well as the absolute contents of total flavones and L-borneol in B. balsamifera in slow growth period of winter.
文摘DDF （dry dipterocarp forest） is importantly deciduous forest type in Thailand since it consists of important tree species for timber products and non-timber products. So, people would like to come to use these products for daily uses in this forest type. The main aim of this study is to evaluate significant biophysical factors for DDF distribution using factor analysis and to model DDF distribution using ENFA （ecological niche factor analysis）. In this study, 13 watersheds of Ping Basin in northern Thailand were selected as the study site based on availability of forest inventory data in 2007 from DNP （Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation）. Basic biophysical data for data analysis included forest inventory data （179 DDF plots）, 10 climatic data, three topographic data, and one soil data. For identification and evaluation of biophysical factors for DDF distribution using factor analysis, the first three factors, namely DDF-1, DDF-2 and DDF-3, had been extracted with 95.35% of total variance. These three components were used to predict DDF distribution based on HS （habitat suitability） with ENFA. In practice, the results were validated with AVI （absolute validation index） and CVI （contrast validation index） with validated forest inventory dataset. This evaluation shows that DDF-2 model is the best HS data consisting of four physical factors （mean annually temperature, mean monthly maximum temperature, mean monthly minimum temperature, and elevation）, which is able to effectively used for habitat suitability for DDF distribution prediction. It was found that habitat suitability for DDF distribution can be classified into four classes including high suitable habitat, moderate suitable habitat, low suitable habitat, and unsuitable habitat. As a result, DDF distributions with high suitable habitat are highly related with DDF forest inventory plots of DNP. Thus, the obtained output can be further used for DDF rehabilitation according to climate and topographic factors.
文摘Lowland tropical forest in Peninsular Malaysia consist a valuable dipterocarp timber species. In fact, dipterocarp tree species growth well when the ecology is maintained and their growth are dependent on the micro climate and also affected by lithology types. This study was carried out to identify and map tree species dominancy by lithology types at Hulu Sedili Forest Reserve （HSFR） using Geographic Information System （GIS） technique. Different lithology type maps were derived namely Igneous, Sedimentary and Limestone. Through GIS operations tree species data collected from pre-felling inventory and ground survey were overlaid with lithology features. Results showed that at Sedimentary and Igneous types, the presence of dipterocarpaceae family is only 3.09%, and non-dipterocarpaceae family was 96.91%. Syzygium spp. （19.83%） was the most abundance in Igneous and Sedimentary. Meanwhile, Elateriospermum tapos （9.92%） and Lauraceae＇s family （7.22%） were found to be the most dominant species in Sedimentary types, Macaranga spp. （11.21%） and Elateriospermum tapos （11.02%） in igneous types. However, a Limestone type was discarded from analysis due to unavailable pre-felling data. Thus, this study indicated that there was variation in species dominancy of different lithology types. On the other hand, GIS demonstrated its capability as a useful tool in identifying and maps the location of trees species based on lithology types.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81073057)the Key New Drug Creation and Development Programme of China (Nos. 2009ZX09502-008 and 2009ZX09308-003)the Doctoral Fund of the Ministry of Education of China(No. 20090013110007)
文摘Both geniposide （Ge） and natural borneol （NB） are bioactive substances derived from traditional Chinese herbs. The effect of NB on the pharmacokinetics of Ge in rat via intranasal administration was investigated. The concentrations of Ge in plasma were determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） after intranasal administration of Ge （4 mg/kg） alone and combined with different doses （0.08, 0.8, and 8 mg/kg） of NB. The intravenous administration was given as a reference （4 mg/kg of Ge and 8 mg/kg of NB）. Compared with the intravenous administration, the absolute bioavailability of Ge was 76.14% through intranasal administration combined with NB. Compared with the intranasal administration of Ge alone, Ge could be absorbed rapidly in the nasal cavity combined with NB; the peak time of Ge in the plasma became shorter （3-5 min vs. 40 min）; the peak concentration became higher （1.32-4.25 IJg/ml vs. 0.67 ug/ml）; and, the relative bioavailability of Ge combined with NB was 90.3%-237.8%. The enhancing effect was attenuated as the dose of NB decreased. The results indicated that NB can accelerate the absorption of Ge dose-dependently in the nasal cavity.
