目的分析近7年大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌耐药率与抗菌药物使用强度(antibiotics use density,AUD)的相关性,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供参考。方法回顾性分析该院2016—2022年大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药率与同期主要抗菌药物的AUD...目的分析近7年大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌耐药率与抗菌药物使用强度(antibiotics use density,AUD)的相关性,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供参考。方法回顾性分析该院2016—2022年大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药率与同期主要抗菌药物的AUD,采用Pearson相关性分析法分析两者的相关性。结果大肠埃希菌对对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率与头孢呋辛的AUD呈正相关(P<0.05);对头孢吡肟的耐药率与头孢西丁、氨曲南的AUD呈正相关(P<0.01、P<0.05);对头孢西丁的耐药率与头孢西丁的AUD呈正相关(P<0.05);对亚胺培南的耐药率与头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、阿米卡星的AUD呈正相关(P<0.01)。肺炎克雷伯菌对阿莫西林/克拉维酸的耐药率与头孢西丁、氨曲南的AUD呈正相关(P<0.01);对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率与头孢西丁的AUD呈正相关(P<0.05),对头孢噻肟的耐药率与阿莫西林/克拉维酸的AUD呈正相关(P<0.01);对头孢吡肟的耐药率与头孢西丁、左氧氟沙星的AUD呈正相关(P<0.05);对阿米卡星的耐药率与头孢他啶、头孢噻肟、亚胺培南的AUD呈正相关(P<0.01、P<0.05)。大肠埃希菌对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率与头孢唑啉的AUD呈负相关(P<0.05);对头孢唑啉的耐药率与头孢他啶、头孢噻肟的AUD呈负相关(P<0.05);对头孢吡肟的耐药率与哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢噻肟的AUD呈负相关(P<0.05);对头孢西丁的耐药率与头孢噻肟的AUD呈负相关(P<0.05);对亚胺培南的耐药率与阿莫西林/克拉维酸的AUD呈负相关(P<0.05)。肺炎克雷伯菌对阿莫西林/克拉维酸的耐药率与哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的AUD呈负相关(P<0.05);对头孢西丁的耐药率与哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的AUD呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药率与多种抗菌药物的AUD相关,应加强抗菌药物的合理管控,延缓细菌耐药的发生。展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> The disease, addiction to chemical substances or drugs such as alcohol (<i>ethanol, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH<span style="white-space:n...<strong>Background:</strong> The disease, addiction to chemical substances or drugs such as alcohol (<i>ethanol, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH<span style="white-space:normal;"></span></i>) is still not accepted as a diagnostic nosology by many in Ghana. Many consider addiction as a moral challenge, rather than a medical condition. This perception is propagated even in the Ministry of Health’s Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) policy document which punishes symptoms of substance use disorders. This study seeks to explore the perception and attitude of employers towards employees with alcohol use disorders (AUD) and to ascertain the level at which employee assistance programs (EAPs) are implemented in organizations. <strong>Methods: </strong>To infer outcomes, the study adopted the qualitative approach. In-depth interviews and observations which describe the perceived attitudes of employers (using HR managers as proxy) towards employees with AUD of some selected hospitals (private and public) in the Greater-Accra Metropolis. The interview was conducted face-to-face using an interview guide, which included open-ended questions. The structure of the guide helped the researchers to observe the participants and the conversations were also audio-taped after seeking the consent of the participants. On average, the interview lasted between 45 and 60 minutes. <strong>Results:</strong> Findings from the 10 interviews revealed that a number of factors such as biological, environmental, social and psychological accounted for AUD among employees regardless of the nature of their work. Although the HR managers had knowledge on the possible causes of AUD, some of them explained that they could not identify alcohol use in their organisations. The few that admitted to AUD at their workplace reported that alcohol use did not have any effect on their productivity and most of these workers were temporal or causal workers, hence were not perceived as permanent staff. In spite of prevalence of AUD in some hospitals, it was interesting to know that majority of these facilities had no EAPs and the few that had policies on AUD were not implementing them. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> This paper focused on some aspect of HR managers’ perceived attitude toward an aspect of their employees’ mental wellbeing which is AUD in a work setting. However, there are other pertinent issues that are crucial to employee total wellbeing that can be addressed in future research.展开更多
目的:探讨采用Excel软件快速计算住院患者抗菌药物使用强度的技巧。方法:通过Vlookup函数,查找药品的限定日剂量,计算药品累计用药频度;采用分类汇总的方法自动计算各科室住院患者所有使用抗菌药物的用药频度,进一步得出各科室及全院住...目的:探讨采用Excel软件快速计算住院患者抗菌药物使用强度的技巧。方法:通过Vlookup函数,查找药品的限定日剂量,计算药品累计用药频度;采用分类汇总的方法自动计算各科室住院患者所有使用抗菌药物的用药频度,进一步得出各科室及全院住院患者的抗菌药物使用强度(antibiotics use density,AUD)。结果:Excel软件的Vlookup函数和分类汇总功能大大提高了计算AUD的效率。结论:利用Excel软件相关技巧,可以快速统计各科室及全院住院患者AUD,值得在大型医院推广使用。展开更多
文摘目的分析近7年大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌耐药率与抗菌药物使用强度(antibiotics use density,AUD)的相关性,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供参考。方法回顾性分析该院2016—2022年大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药率与同期主要抗菌药物的AUD,采用Pearson相关性分析法分析两者的相关性。结果大肠埃希菌对对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率与头孢呋辛的AUD呈正相关(P<0.05);对头孢吡肟的耐药率与头孢西丁、氨曲南的AUD呈正相关(P<0.01、P<0.05);对头孢西丁的耐药率与头孢西丁的AUD呈正相关(P<0.05);对亚胺培南的耐药率与头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、阿米卡星的AUD呈正相关(P<0.01)。肺炎克雷伯菌对阿莫西林/克拉维酸的耐药率与头孢西丁、氨曲南的AUD呈正相关(P<0.01);对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率与头孢西丁的AUD呈正相关(P<0.05),对头孢噻肟的耐药率与阿莫西林/克拉维酸的AUD呈正相关(P<0.01);对头孢吡肟的耐药率与头孢西丁、左氧氟沙星的AUD呈正相关(P<0.05);对阿米卡星的耐药率与头孢他啶、头孢噻肟、亚胺培南的AUD呈正相关(P<0.01、P<0.05)。大肠埃希菌对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率与头孢唑啉的AUD呈负相关(P<0.05);对头孢唑啉的耐药率与头孢他啶、头孢噻肟的AUD呈负相关(P<0.05);对头孢吡肟的耐药率与哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢噻肟的AUD呈负相关(P<0.05);对头孢西丁的耐药率与头孢噻肟的AUD呈负相关(P<0.05);对亚胺培南的耐药率与阿莫西林/克拉维酸的AUD呈负相关(P<0.05)。肺炎克雷伯菌对阿莫西林/克拉维酸的耐药率与哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的AUD呈负相关(P<0.05);对头孢西丁的耐药率与哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的AUD呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药率与多种抗菌药物的AUD相关,应加强抗菌药物的合理管控,延缓细菌耐药的发生。
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> The disease, addiction to chemical substances or drugs such as alcohol (<i>ethanol, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH<span style="white-space:normal;"></span></i>) is still not accepted as a diagnostic nosology by many in Ghana. Many consider addiction as a moral challenge, rather than a medical condition. This perception is propagated even in the Ministry of Health’s Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) policy document which punishes symptoms of substance use disorders. This study seeks to explore the perception and attitude of employers towards employees with alcohol use disorders (AUD) and to ascertain the level at which employee assistance programs (EAPs) are implemented in organizations. <strong>Methods: </strong>To infer outcomes, the study adopted the qualitative approach. In-depth interviews and observations which describe the perceived attitudes of employers (using HR managers as proxy) towards employees with AUD of some selected hospitals (private and public) in the Greater-Accra Metropolis. The interview was conducted face-to-face using an interview guide, which included open-ended questions. The structure of the guide helped the researchers to observe the participants and the conversations were also audio-taped after seeking the consent of the participants. On average, the interview lasted between 45 and 60 minutes. <strong>Results:</strong> Findings from the 10 interviews revealed that a number of factors such as biological, environmental, social and psychological accounted for AUD among employees regardless of the nature of their work. Although the HR managers had knowledge on the possible causes of AUD, some of them explained that they could not identify alcohol use in their organisations. The few that admitted to AUD at their workplace reported that alcohol use did not have any effect on their productivity and most of these workers were temporal or causal workers, hence were not perceived as permanent staff. In spite of prevalence of AUD in some hospitals, it was interesting to know that majority of these facilities had no EAPs and the few that had policies on AUD were not implementing them. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> This paper focused on some aspect of HR managers’ perceived attitude toward an aspect of their employees’ mental wellbeing which is AUD in a work setting. However, there are other pertinent issues that are crucial to employee total wellbeing that can be addressed in future research.
文摘目的:探讨采用Excel软件快速计算住院患者抗菌药物使用强度的技巧。方法:通过Vlookup函数,查找药品的限定日剂量,计算药品累计用药频度;采用分类汇总的方法自动计算各科室住院患者所有使用抗菌药物的用药频度,进一步得出各科室及全院住院患者的抗菌药物使用强度(antibiotics use density,AUD)。结果:Excel软件的Vlookup函数和分类汇总功能大大提高了计算AUD的效率。结论:利用Excel软件相关技巧,可以快速统计各科室及全院住院患者AUD,值得在大型医院推广使用。
