Dissecting Multiple Arabidopsis CC-NBS-LRR Proteins Structure and Localization

NBS-LRR (nucleotide binding sites and leucine rich repeat) protein plays a crucial role as sentries and as defense activators in plants. The structure and function of NBS-LRR proteins are closely related. Previous articles have announced that the activated ZAR1 (HopZ-Activated Resistance 1) forms a pentamer in the plasma membrane, which is a calcium permeable channel that can trigger plant immune signaling and cell death. However, the structure of galore NBS-LRRs in Arabidopsis is not yet clear. The functional sites of distinct NBS-LRR in cells may vary. In addition, identifying pathogens and activating defense regions may occur in different subcellular compartments. Therefore, dissecting the specific structure and positioning of NBS-LRRs is an indispensable step in understanding their functions. In this article, we exploit AlphaFold to predict the structure of some designed NBS-LRRs, and utilize Agroinfiltration transient expression system, combined with biochemical fractionation, to dissect the localization of these NBS-LRR receptors from Arabidopsis. Structural data indicates that the identified NBS-LRRs share analogous conformation. Membrane fractionation assay demonstrates these NBS-LRRs are mainly associated with the membrane. These data show that the Ca2+-permeable channel activity may be evolutionarily conserved in NBS-LRR of Arabidopsis, and this study provides some reference clues for analyzing the structure and localization patterns of other plant immune receptors.

The NAC Transcription Factor ANAC089 Modulates Seed Vigor through the ABI5-VTC2 Module in Arabidopsis thaliana

Seed viability is an essential feature for genetic resource conservation as well as sustainable crop production.Long-term storage induces seed viability deterioration or seed aging,accompanied by the accumulation of toxic reactive oxygen species(ROS)to suppress seed germination.Controlled deterioration treatment(CDT)is a gen-eral approach for mimicking seed aging.The transcription factor ANAC089 was previously reported to modulate seed primary germination.In this study,we evaluated the ability of ANAC089 to control seed viability during aging.Compared with that in the wild-type line,the mutation of ANAC089 significantly increased H_(2)O_(2),thereby reducing seed viability after CDT,while the overexpression of ANAC089 reduced H_(2)O_(2) and improved seed long-evity,indicating a critical role for ANAC089 in maintaining seed viability through H_(2)O_(2) signaling.A series of stu-dies have shown that ANAC089 targets and negatively regulates the level of ABI5,an important transmitter of abscisic acid(ABA)signals,to affect seed viability after CDT.Furthermore,ABI5 negatively regulated the expres-sion of VTC2,which is involved in the biosynthesis of the antioxidant ascorbic acid and H_(2)O_(2) scavenging.As a result,ANAC089 attenuates the generation of H_(2)O_(2),thereby enhancing seed viability through the ABI5-VTC2 module during the seed aging process.Taken together,our results reveal a novel mechanism by which ANAC089 enhances seed viability by coordinating ABI5 and VTC2 expression,ultimately preventing the overac-cumulation of H_(2)O_(2),which would have led to reduced seed viability.

Molecular and genetic regulations of fleshy fruit shape and lessons from Arabidopsis and rice

Fleshy fruit shape is an important external quality trait influencing the usage of fruits and consumer preference.Thus,modification of fruit shape has become one of the major objectives for crop improvement.However,the underlying mechanisms of fruit shape regulation are poorly understood.In this review we summarize recent progress in the genetic basis of fleshy fruit shape regulation using tomato,cucumber,and peach as examples.Comparative analyses suggest that the OFP-TRM(OVATE Family Protein-TONNEAU1 Recruiting Motif)and IQD(IQ67 domain)pathways are probably conserved in regulating fruit shape by primarily modulating cell division patterns across fleshy fruit species.Interestingly,cucumber homologs of FRUITFULL(FUL1),CRABS CLAW(CRC)and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 2(ACS2)were found to regulate fruit elongation.We also outline the recent progress in fruit shape regulation mediated by OFP-TRM and IQD pathways in Arabidopsis and rice,and propose that the OFP-TRM pathway and IQD pathway coordinate regulate fruit shape through integration of phytohormones,including brassinosteroids,gibberellic acids,and auxin,and microtubule organization.In addition,functional redundancy and divergence of the members of each of the OFP,TRM,and IQD families are also shown.This review provides a general overview of current knowledge in fruit shape regulation and discusses the possible mechanisms that need to be addressed in future studies.

Glucosinolates and Their Hydrolysis Products in Arabidopsis thaliana Influence Performance and Feeding Choice of Pieris rapae and Spodoptera exigua

Glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products, found in plants of the order Brassicales, are well-known for their defensive properties against insect herbivores. Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0) genetic lines with mutations that modify the type of glucosinolates (i.e. myb28myb29 and cyp79B2cyp79B3 are deficient in the production of aliphatic and indolyl glucosinolates, respectively) make it possible to test for the specific effects of these secondary chemicals on insect herbivores. The Pad3 mutant (deficient in camalexin), which has a role in resistance to pathogens, was also tested. Likewise, the effects of different glucosinolate hydrolysis products can be evaluated using genetically modified (GM) lines of the wild type Col-0 ecotype, which naturally produces isothiocyanates. These GM lines include the nitrile-producing 35S: ESP and the double knockout tgg1tgg2, which virtually lacks hydrolysis products. In both no-choice and choice experiments, the crucifer specialist Pieris rapae was virtually unaffected by differences in the type of glucosinolates or hydrolysis products. In contrast, the generalist insect Spodoptera exigua had statistically significant increases in pupae/adult weight and faster developmental times when reared on mutants deficient in the production of aliphatic and indolyl glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products. There were no differences in the performance of either insect species when reared on wild type Col-0 or Pad3. Results from feeding choice trials showed that Pieris rapae had no statistically significant preference for any of the genetic lines. In contrast, Spodoptera exigua had a significant feeding preference for the double mutant tgg1tgg2. This study provides evidence that variation in the type of glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products can influence insect performance and feeding choices, and that responses are species-specific.

Overexpression of Wheat TaELF3-1BL Delays Flowering in Arabidopsis

EARLY FLOWERING 3(ELF3),a light zeitnehmer(time-taker)gene,regulates circadian rhythm and photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis,rice,and barley.The three orthologs of ELF3(TaELF3-1AL,TaELF3-1BL,and TaELF3-1DL)have been identified in wheat too,and one gene,TaELF3-1DL,has been associated with heading date.However,the basic characteristics of these three genes and the roles of the other two genes,TaELF3-1BL and,TaELF3-1AL,remain unknown.Therefore,the present study obtained the coding sequences of the three orthologs(TaELF3-1AL,TaELF3-1BL,and TaELF3-1DL)of ELF3 from bread wheat and characterized them and investigated the role of TaELF3-1BL in Arabidopsis.Protein sequence comparison revealed similarities among the three TaELF3 genes of wheat;however,they were different from the Arabidopsis ELF3.Real-time quantitative PCR revealed TaELF3 expression in all wheat tissues tested,with the highest expression in young spikes;the three genes showed rhythmic expression patterns also.Furthermore,the overexpression of the TaELF3-1BL gene in Arabidopsis delayed flowering,indicating their importance in flowering.Subsequent overexpression of TaELF3-1BL in the Arabidopsis ELF3 nonfunctional mutant(elf3 mutant)eliminated its early flowering phenotype,and slightly delayed flowering.The wild-type Arabidopsis overexpressing TaELF3-1BL demonstrated reduced expression levels of flowering-related genes,such as CONSTANS(AtCO),FLOWERING LOCUS T(AtFT),and GIGANTEA(AtGI).Thus,the study characterized the three TaELF3 genes and associated TaELF3-1BL with flowering in Arabidopsis,suggesting a role in regulating flowering in wheat too.These findings provide a basis for further research on TaELF3 functions in wheat.

Biochemical and Physiological Responses of Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves to Moderate Mechanical Stimulation

Mechanical stimulation of plants can be caused by various abiotic and biotic environmental factors.Apart from the negative consequences,it can also cause positive changes,such as acclimatization of plants to stress conditions.Therefore,it is necessary to study the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying the response of plants to mechanical stimulation.Our aim was to evaluate the response of model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to a moderate force of 5 N(newton)for 20 s,which could be compared with the pressure caused by animal movement and weather conditions such as heavy rain.Mechanically stimulated leaves were sampled 1 h after exposure and after a recovery period of 20 h.To study a possible systemic response,unstimulated leaves of treated plants were collected 20 h after exposure alongside the stimulated leaves from the same plants.The effect of stimulation was assessed by measuring oxidative stress parameters,antioxidant enzymes activity,total phenolics,and photosynthetic performance.Stimulated leaves showed increased lipid peroxidation 1 h after treatment and increased superoxide dismutase activity and phenolic oxidation rate after a 20-h recovery period.Considering photosynthetic performance after the 20-h recovery period,the effective quantum yield of the photosystem II was lower in the stimulated leaves,whereas photochemical quenching was lower in the unstimulated leaves of the treated plants.Nonphotochemical quenching was lower in the stimulated leaves 1 h after treatment.Our study suggested that plants sensed moderate force,but it did not induce pronounced change in metabolism or photosynthetic performance.Principal component analysis distinguished three groups–leaves of untreated plants,leaves analysed 1 h after stimulation,while stimulated and unstimulated leaves of treated plants analysed 20 h after treatment formed together the third group.Observed grouping of stimulated and unstimulated leaves of treated plants could indicate signal transduction from the stimulated to distant leaves,that is,a systemic response to a local application of mechanical stimuli.

XRN4/EIN5调控拟南芥对盐胁迫和ABA的耐受性

XRN4/EIN5是植物的5′-3′核酸外切酶,主要参与细胞质中RNA的降解,同时也是乙烯信号通路的核心基因,在植物的生长发育和乙烯信号转导中起着重要作用。为探究该基因在植物抗逆性方面的作用,以XRN4/EIN5 T-DNA插入突变体ein5-6为材料,设计不同浓度NaCl(0、50、100、150、200 mmol/L)和ABA(0、0.10、0.25、0.50、1.00、1.50μmol/L)处理,基于拟南芥种子发芽率、子叶绿化率、叶片数、叶片面积进行统计分析,结果发现,当盐浓度低于50 mmol/L时,ein5-6的种子发芽率、子叶绿化率、叶片数和叶片面积比野生型Col-0高;当盐浓度达到100 mmol/L时,ein5-6的种子发芽率和子叶绿化率在发育前期比Col-0高,60 h和96 h之后比Col-0低,而二者的叶片数和叶片面积没有差异;当盐浓度达到150 mmol/L及以上时,ein5-6的种子发芽率、子叶绿化率、叶片数和叶片面积比Col-0低。另外,ein5-6对ABA与盐胁迫响应的趋势一致,ABA浓度较低时ein5-6的子叶绿化率高于Col-0,但随着处理时间的延长和ABA浓度的增加,其子叶绿化率越来越低,最终明显低于Col-0。表明与野生型相比,ein5-6对盐胁迫和ABA处理更敏感,推测XRN4/EIN5参与了盐胁迫和ABA响应的调节。

一株拟南芥宽叶形突变体atscamp的分离鉴定

叶片是主要的光合作用器官,选育利于光合作用的叶片形态已成为重要的育种目标。atscamp是从拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)突变体库(约6000株系)中筛选获得的1株叶片宽大突变体。Tail-PCR分析该突变体为AT1G11180位点的插入,该基因位点编码1个分泌载体膜蛋白(SCAMP)。RT-PCR检测显示,该基因转录表达水平基本为零。进一步研究发现,该突变体叶片的宽度和叶面积极显著大于野生型植株(P<0.01),但是冠幅基本保持不变;同时atscamp突变体叶绿素含量增加,叶绿素最大荧光、PSⅡ潜在光化学效率显著增加(P<0.05);相应地,突变体植株蒸腾系数(Tr)、净光合速率(Pn)和叶片水分利用效率(WUE)显著增加(P<0.05)。拟南芥AT1G11180基因的时空特异性表达分析显示,该基因仅在叶片中高表达,在其他器官中表达量很低;且随着植物发育成熟,该基因表达量逐渐增加。研究结果表明AtSCAMP基因在叶形发育中发挥着重要作用。

不同栽培密度下拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)的形态分析

为初步阐明双子叶植物响应栽培密度变化的规律,本研究以模式植物拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)为材料,设置不同栽培密度(1×1、2×2、3×3、4×4、5×5、6×6、7×7)进行盆栽试验,分析不同栽培密度下拟南芥不同生长时期的形态指标变化规律。结果表明:(1)在同一栽培密度处理下,随着拟南芥的生长发育,其株高、茎长和根长逐渐增加,莲座叶直径逐渐增加直至稳定,叶面积先增大后减小,顶部分枝数和基部分枝数逐渐增加或逐渐增加直至稳定。在同一生长时期,拟南芥个体大小随着栽培密度增加而减小,且高栽培密度下抽薹和开花时间提前。(2)不同栽培密度对拟南芥株高、茎长、根长、莲座叶直径、顶部分枝、基部分枝和叶面积均存在显著影响。随着栽培密度的增加,拟南芥株高、茎长总体呈降低趋势,根长呈逐渐增加趋势,莲座叶直径、顶部分枝数和基部分枝数呈逐渐减小趋势,叶面积表现为先增大后减小或逐渐减小趋势。本试验从形态上初步阐明了拟南芥响应栽培密度变化的规律,栽培密度对不同生长时期拟南芥各形态指标均产生了显著影响,该结果可为通过合理密植调控双子叶植物形态提供理论依据。

污染物胁迫及环境条件改变对拟南芥根系生长影响的研究进展

拟南芥生长周期短,基因组简单,对其根系的相关研究可为研究污染物和外界条件胁迫对其他植物的毒害作用及影响机制提供依据,污染物胁迫和环境条件的改变,都将会影响拟南芥根系的正常生长。因此,拟南芥根系在胁迫环境中所作出的应激反应和响应机制是至关重要的,相关研究已经取得一系列进展。本文分别从无机污染物、有机污染物、环境条件改变三个方面,综述了拟南芥根系发生的不同应激反应及其机制,发现拟南芥根系在面对不同胁迫环境时的响应不尽相同:1)较低浓度的金属离子会促进拟南芥根系的生长发育,反之,则会抑制根系的生长发育。2)有机污染物对拟南芥根系的影响普遍是抑制的,致使其主根长度降低,侧根数量减少。3)外界条件胁迫发生时则相对复杂,不同外界条件干扰拟南芥会发生不同的应激反应。

铁皮石斛CLE基因家族鉴定与功能分析

CLE多肽是一类小分子分泌蛋白,参与植物的生长发育和细胞间通讯,在维持干细胞的增殖与分化中发挥关键调控作用。为研究兰科药用植物铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo)中CLE基因家族成员的功能,从铁皮石斛叶、根、茎、花苞、果实的组织中提取RNA,反转录成cDNA,通过半定量PCR检测CLE家族基因成员在各组织中的表达情况。结果表明:在铁皮石斛基因组中鉴定出17个CLE成员,它们均拥有保守的12氨基酸CLE基序。半定量RT-PCR结果表明,CLE基因家族成员在根、茎、叶、花、果实中展示不同的组织表达谱,尤其是CLE 19635在花苞和果实中特异性表达,CLE 22175在果实中特异性表达。用体外合成的CLE多肽处理拟南芥,结果显示,CLE合成肽参与拟南芥根的发育,其中,CLE05351对根生长有促进作用,CLE18468对根影响不明显,其他CLE多肽均对根的生长有抑制作用。mPS-PI染色并未发现根尖分生组织结构模式受到CLE合成肽的影响。此外,CLE 02038过表达的拟南芥T 2代纯合系具有短根表型,与CLE合成肽处理结果一致。研究结果为进一步挖掘CLE家族在铁皮石斛附生根中的作用及其信号调控网络奠定了基础,并为铁皮石斛理想根系的育种提供了潜在靶基因。

拟南芥At ACO3基因的表达对抵御非生物胁迫影响的研究进展

乌头酸酶(Aconitase,ACO)是参与三羧酸循环中柠檬酸可逆异构化过程的关键酶,这种酶有3种亚型(ACO1,ACO2,ACO3),其中ACO3发挥主要的作用。有研究发现,乌头酸酶基因At ACO3还对提高模式植物拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)应对非生物胁迫具有重要的生物学功能。本文着重论述了At ACO3在提高植物的抗寒性、抗旱性、抗金属胁迫、抗氧化胁迫等方面的作用,为深入研究植物ACO3基因和进一步开发植物抗逆功能基因提供参考价值。

新疆短命植物小拟南芥(Arabidopsis pumila)种子萌发特性及其生态适应性

通过显微结构及不同处理条件下种子萌发率的观察,对早春短命植物小拟南芥(Arabidopsis pumila)种子萌发特性及影响因素进行了研究,并对其生态适应性进行了讨论。结果表明:(1)温度和光照变化对自然生境和温室收获种子的萌发率影响均不显著,说明此种群在前期萌发阶段对光、温不敏感;(2)自然生境中采收的小拟南芥种子萌发率显著低于温室收获种子,说明环境条件的变化对短命植物种子的发育具有重要作用,可显著改变种子的萌发行为;(3)赤霉素使自然生境收获种子胚活性增强从而对萌发有较大促进作用,可使萌发率增加50%以上;(4)对种皮进行各种机械损伤处理使得种皮松弛或透气,可以显著提高自然生境种子的萌发率(超过70%);(5)盐和干旱胁迫对种子萌发均具有明显的抑制作用,但复水后部分被抑制种子可重新萌发,显示盐和干旱胁迫可导致种子产生浅度休眠。结合小拟南芥自然生存环境及本研究的结果,显示其种子萌发特性与生境具有高度适应性。

天山北麓中段拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)与相邻物种的分布格局及相互关系

天山山脉是世界拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)及其近缘种的分布中心之一,资源优势明显。在北天山中段浅山地带选择拟南芥分布的典型样地50m×50m,分析了样地物种的结构、组成和土壤理化性质,用Ripley’sK(d)函数分析了拟南芥与相邻物种的空间特征和相互关系。发现样地由7科23个物种组成,以新疆绢蒿(Seriphidium kaschgaricum)为建群种,短命植物物种占近70%。拟南芥仅分布于北坡,在3m内聚集强度高于所有分析物种,在5m范围内与新疆绢蒿中株呈显著正关联,与十字花科的涩芥(Malcolmia africana)、藜科的散枝猪毛菜(Salsola brachiata)、木碱蓬(Suaeda dendroides)、角果藜(Ceratocarpus arenarius)呈一定尺度显著负关联。分析认为拟南芥空间分布依赖于新疆绢蒿大株、中株生长塑造的遮阴、保湿和丰富土壤有机质,生态位与藜科物种差异极大,生境特异性高于同属近缘种小鼠耳芥(Arabidopsis pumila),以及涩芥(M.africana)、庭芥(Alyssumdesertorum)、四齿芥(Tetracme quadricornis)、丝叶芥(Leptaleum filifolium)、狭果鹤虱(Lappula semiglabra)等短命植物。在干旱胁迫下,拟南芥环境选择强度大于种内作用,密度依赖的种子扩散表现不明显。扩散对策是通过大量生产种子,依靠果实不易开裂控制种子短距离扩散,充分利用原适宜生境来维持种群繁衍。

生态因子及其交互作用对拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)表型可塑性的影响

以拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)两种基因型(ws-0和col-0)材料,采用复因子混合水平正交试验设计开展盆栽实验,研究了土壤盐分、土壤水分、光照强度、去叶处理等生态因子及其交互作用对受试植株18个表型特征的影响。结果表明生态因子对植物表型可塑性的影响是有针对性的:土壤水分主要影响植物体构件数目;土壤盐分主要影响生物量、角果数及种籽总数等直接反映植株适合度的表型特征;光照条件则主要影响植物的物候表型特征。植物体表型可塑性的方向随水分梯度的变化而发生改变。生态因子交互作用对植物表型可塑性的影响效果不是各因子独立作用的简单加和:对某个表型特征都有显著影响的两个生态因子其交互作用对该特征可能没有影响;反之,受两个生态因子交互作用影响显著的表型特征也可能不受它们的独立影响。在对生态因子交互作用作出响应时,col-0的9个特征表现出可塑性,而ws-0仅有4个表型是可塑的;同一基因型内彼此相关的表型特征在可塑性上也具一致性。抽苔时莲座叶数与角果平均籽粒数不受任何生态因子及其交互作用的影响,这两个表型作为数量特征而未表现出可塑性。

Physiological Analysis of Two Arabidopsis thaliana Mutants in Response to CO2

[Objective] The 15urpose was to seek for the different phenotypes between wild type and Arabidopsis Mutants in response to CO2. [Method] The epidermis bioassays and seed germination test were carried out to analyze the physiological characteristics of two Arabidopsis mu- tants and their wild type. [Result] There existed distinct differences in stomata apertures, water loss and leaf temperature compared with wild type except for stomata density. In addition, seed germination test on the medium indicated that cdfl was insensitive to ABA, mannitol and NaCI, but cdsl performed contrary to cdil. [ Conclusion] There are some different physiological characteristics between wild type and mutants.

A Rapid DNA Extraction Method for PCR Detection of Arabidopsis thaliana

[Objective] The aim was to introduce a rapid DNA extraction method for PCR detection of Arabidopsis thaliana.[Method] Through the improvement of conventional DNA extraction method,a rapid Arabidopsis thaliana DNA extraction method was obtained.With randomly selected Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic strains and mutants as samples,the method was verified.[Result] After electrophoresis,UV absorption detection,it was found that DNA samples are complete and less pollution,and the result of PCR amplification objective fragment was good which proved DNA is suitable as a template for PCR reaction.After PCR detection,positive plants gene amplified bands were clear,without false-positive,and the test results were satisfactory.[Conclusion] The method is suitable for rapid extraction of Arabidopsis thaliana DNA and PCR detection.

Effects of Drought Stress Simulated by PEG on Glucosinolates Content in Arabidopsis thaliana

[Objective] The paper aimed to study effects of drought stress simulated by PEG on glucosinolates content in Arabidopsis thaliana.[Method] Drought stress was simulated by PEG-6000,ecological seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana were cultivated by the control group and drought treatment group respectively,Physical signs of Arabidopsis thaliana and contents of glucosinolates were determined after 0,4,5,6,7 d treatment.[Result] The results showed that leaf water content of rosette leaves was obviously decreased,leaf relative conductivity （characterized by membrane permeability） and the concentration of MDA increased,the extent of damage increased with the increased time.Content of total glucosinolate,aliphatic glucosinolate and indole glucosinolate increased got their maximum after 5 days treatment,and rapidly decreased after 6 and 7 days of treatment,even much lower than the control group.Each kind of glucosinolate changed with difference from each other.4MSOB which made the most proportion of the total glucosinolate changed consistently with the total glucosinolate and difference significant.As a whole,aliphatic glucosinolates were more sensitive to drought than indole glucosinolate.The proportion of some kind glucosinolate,like 4MSOB varied had correlation with the content change.[Conclusion] Drought stress had an effects on the contents of total glucosinolate,aliphatic glucosinolate and indole glucosinolate,which made the glucosinolate participated in defense response of plant to the outside of drought stress,but long-term drought stress in leaves was not conducive to the accumulation of glucosinolates.

藜麦配子发育相关基因CqSTK的筛选及功能分析

【目的】SEEDSTICK(STK)是MADS-box转录因子家族成员,在控制配子发育和种子大小形态方面起关键作用。探究STK在藜麦配子发育过程中的作用。【方法】利用不同光周期处理下具有不同光周期特性的两种藜麦的转录组数据,筛选受光周期调控影响的、与配子发育相关的差异基因,克隆该基因,并对其进行生物信息学、表达模式、亚细胞定位分析和拟南芥异源表达验证基因功能。【结果】筛选到差异基因AUR62022366-RA。该基因的表达模式与植株的表型差异一致,在短日材料中,该基因在灌浆期表达量高时植株结实,表达量低时植株不结实。生物信息学分析表明,CqSTK的CDS全长为672 bp,编码223个氨基酸。STK同源基因进化树结果显示,CqSTK与同属物种菠菜、甜菜STK基因聚为一支,有较近的亲缘关系。此外,CqSTK与拟南芥STK具有相似的三级结构,单倍型分析表明,CqSTK的外显子序列在10个藜麦品种中完全一致,但在内含子区域存在SNP。该基因定位于烟草叶表皮细胞的细胞核和细胞膜上。荧光定量PCR显示,CqSTK在藜麦花器官形成和籽粒形成期高表达,尤其在籽粒形成期,其表达量达到最高。拟南芥过表达和突变体回补实验表明,过表达和回补植株开花时间远长于突变体和野生型,且过表达和回补植株果荚长度和荚果内种子数显著高于stk突变体和回补植株。【结论】CqSTK高表达会延迟花期,同时正向调节拟南芥的种子长度和结实率。

买麻藤TM8基因在生殖器官发育过程中的功能研究

TM8基因属于一个古老的Ⅱ型MADS-box基因亚家族,TM8类基因在被子植物中主要参与雌花的发育,但在裸子植物中的功能尚不清楚。本文通过荧光原位杂交FISH(Fluorescence in situ hybridization)和转基因技术分析裸子植物买麻藤(Gnetum montanum Markgr.)3个TM8基因的功能。结果显示,3个基因均参与了雌性胚珠、不育胚珠和花药柄的发育,但其表达水平和功能在器官间有很大差异。将买麻藤TM8基因转入拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana(L.)Heynh.),发现其对短雄蕊的萌发和生长有显著影响,其中1个TM8基因的两个转录本呈不同的表达模式,且转基因拟南芥的花呈现不同表型的变化,表明它们在买麻藤生殖器官发育中可能出现了功能分化。