Benzodiazepines and related benzodiazepine-receptor agonists such as the pyrazolopyrimidinezalepl -on;?the imidazopyridine zolpidem;and the cyclopyrroloneszopiclone and eszopiclone, are among the most widely prescribe...Benzodiazepines and related benzodiazepine-receptor agonists such as the pyrazolopyrimidinezalepl -on;?the imidazopyridine zolpidem;and the cyclopyrroloneszopiclone and eszopiclone, are among the most widely prescribed drugs, and for a variety of conditions. Surprisingly: 1) there are only a few conditions for which there is a good evidence basis, 2) efficacy has only been well demonstrated for short-term use (i.e., less than 4 weeks), and 3) much less is known about the basic science of these drugs than is widely believed. We suggest that the use of these drugs beyond four or less weeks exceeds the available knowledge base, so best-practice use suggests that the prescribing of these drugs for most patients should be limited to only short-term use until more is known about the basic pharmacology of their actions in the brain and in the periphery.展开更多
文摘Benzodiazepines and related benzodiazepine-receptor agonists such as the pyrazolopyrimidinezalepl -on;?the imidazopyridine zolpidem;and the cyclopyrroloneszopiclone and eszopiclone, are among the most widely prescribed drugs, and for a variety of conditions. Surprisingly: 1) there are only a few conditions for which there is a good evidence basis, 2) efficacy has only been well demonstrated for short-term use (i.e., less than 4 weeks), and 3) much less is known about the basic science of these drugs than is widely believed. We suggest that the use of these drugs beyond four or less weeks exceeds the available knowledge base, so best-practice use suggests that the prescribing of these drugs for most patients should be limited to only short-term use until more is known about the basic pharmacology of their actions in the brain and in the periphery.
文摘近年来苯二氮䓬类药物(benzodiazepines,BZDs)及其新型策划药(designer benzodiazepines,DBZDs)在全球范围内的滥用呈现上升趋势.为实时监测区域苯二氮䓬类药物及其新型策划药的使用情况,本文建立了利用固相萃取(SPE)前处理、高效液相色谱串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)技术检测污水中BZDs及其代谢产物的分析方法,并对前处理条件和仪器参数进行了优化,前处理优化过程具体包括固相萃取柱类型、淋洗条件、洗脱条件及复溶条件的选择.最后应用优化后的方法测定北京市6家污水处理厂实际进水样品.结果表明:(1)前处理选用Cleanert PCX萃取柱,依次使用2 mL 2%甲酸水溶液、2 mL甲醇淋洗填料,使用4 mL 5%甲醇氨溶液洗脱目标化合物,氮吹后用500μL 50%甲醇水溶液复溶残留物时效果最优.(2)25种目标化合物不同浓度梯度加标回收率范围为85.7%~116.5%,基质效应、检出限和定量限、标准曲线及线性范围、精密度等指标均满足方法验证要求.(3)实际污水进水样品25种目标化合物可检出18种,浓度在0.03~22.4 ng/L之间,验证了方法的可靠性.研究显示,该分析方法可用于检测生活污水中苯二氮䓬类药物及其新型策划药,可为进一步开展该类药物的污水流行病学研究提供参考依据.
