Bio-MOF-11(Co)活化过一硫酸盐去除废水中的罗丹明B和Cu^(2+)

采用Bio-MOF-11(Co)活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)同步去除废水中的罗丹明B(RhB)和Cu^(2+).考察了Bio-MOF-11(Co)投加量、PMS浓度、初始pH值、反应温度、RhB初始浓度和Cu^(2+)浓度对RhB降解和Cu^(2+)去除的影响,并采用响应面分析法优化了降解RhB的反应条件.结果表明,RhB的降解符合伪一级反应动力学.Cu^(2+)最大吸附量为22.98mg/g.在RhB初始浓度为20mg/L、Cu^(2+)浓度为2.5mg/L、Bio-MOF-11(Co)浓度为80mg/L、PMS浓度为1.0mmol/L、初始pH值为7的条件下,反应15min后,RhB降解率达到98.72%,Cu^(2+)去除率为73.53%,.自由基淬灭实验证实,RhB的降解通过非自由基(~1O_(2))和自由基(SO_(4)^(-)·、·O_(2)^(-)和·OH)氧化的途径共同完成,Cu^(2+)主要通过Bio-MOF-11(Co)的吸附作用被去除.紫外可见吸收光谱分析结果推测了RhB可能的降解路径.Bio-MOF-11(Co)活化PMS高级氧化工艺可实现同步去除有机污染物和重金属.

Understanding the corrosion and bio-corrosion behaviour of Magnesium composites – a critical review

Realising the potential of Magnesium(Mg),several globally leading ventures have invested in the Mg industry,but their relatively poor corrosion resistance is a never ending saga till date.The corrosion and bio-corrosion behaviour of Mg has gained research attention and still remains a hot topic in the application of automobile,aerospace and biomedical industries.The intrinsic high electrochemical nature of Mg limits their utilization in diverse application.This scenario has prompted the development of Mg composites with an aim to achieve superior corrosion and bio-corrosion resistance.The present review enlightens the influence of grain size(GS),secondary phase,texture,type of matrix and reinforcement on the corrosion and bio-corrosion behaviour of Mg composites.Firstly,the corrosion and bio-corrosion behaviour of Mg composites manufactured by primary and secondary processing routes are elucidated.Secondly,the comprehensive corrosion and bio-corrosion mechanisms of these Mg composites are proposed.Thirdly,the individual role of GS,texture and corrosive medium on corrosion and bio-corrosion behaviour of Mg composites are clarified and revealed.The challenges encountered,unanswered issues in this field are explained in detail and accordingly the scope for future research is framed.The review is presented from basic concrete background to advanced corrosion mechanisms with an aim of creating interest among the readers like students,researchers and industry experts from various research backgrounds.Indeed,the corrosion and bio-corrosion behaviour of Mg composites are critically reviewed for the first time to:(i)contribute to the body of knowledge,(ii)foster research and development,(iii)make breakthrough,and(iv)create life changing innovations in the field of Mg composite corrosion.

Highly Elastic,Bioresorbable Polymeric Materials for Stretchable,Transient Electronic Systems

Substrates or encapsulants in soft and stretchable formats are key components for transient,bioresorbable electronic systems;however,elastomeric polymers with desired mechanical and biochemical properties are very limited compared to nontransient counterparts.Here,we introduce a bioresorbable elastomer,poly(glycolide-co-ε-caprolactone)(PGCL),that contains excellent material properties including high elongation-at-break(<1300%),resilience and toughness,and tunable dissolution behaviors.Exploitation of PGCLs as polymer matrices,in combination with conducing polymers,yields stretchable,conductive composites for degradable interconnects,sensors,and actuators,which can reliably function under external strains.Integration of device components with wireless modules demonstrates elastic,transient electronic suture system with on-demand drug delivery for rapid recovery of postsurgical wounds in soft,time-dynamic tissues.

Recent advances in zwitterionic nanoscale drug delivery systems to overcome biological barriers

Nanoscale drug delivery systems(nDDS)have been employed widely in enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of drugs against diseases with reduced side effects.Although several nDDS have been successfully approved for clinical use up to now,biological barriers between the administration site and the target site hinder the wider clinical adoption of nDDS in disease treatment.Polyethylene glycol(PEG)-modification(or PEGylation)has been regarded as the gold standard for stabilising nDDS in complex biological environment.However,the accelerated blood clearance(ABC)of PEGylated nDDS after repeated injections becomes great challenges for their clinical applications.Zwitterionic polymer,a novel family of antifouling materials,have evolved as an alternative to PEG due to their super-hydrophilicity and biocompatibility.Zwitterionic nDDS could avoid the generation of ABC phenomenon and exhibit longer blood circulation time than the PEGylated analogues.More impressively,zwitterionic nDDS have recently been shown to overcome multiple biological barriers such as nonspecific organ distribution,pressure gradients,impermeable cell membranes and lysosomal degradation without the need of any complex chemical modifications.The realization of overcoming multiple biological barriers by zwitterionic nDDS may simplify the current overly complex design of nDDS,which could facilitate their better clinical translation.Herein,we summarise the recent progress of zwitterionic nDDS at overcoming various biological barriers and analyse their underlyingmechanisms.Finally,prospects and challenges are introduced to guide the rational design of zwitterionic nDDS for disease treatment.

Synthetic polymers:A review of applications in drilling fluids

With the growth of deep drilling and the complexity of the well profile,the requirements for a more complete and efficient exploitation of productive formations increase,which increases the risk of various complications.Currently,reagents based on modified natural polymers(which are naturally occurring compounds)and synthetic polymers(SPs)which are polymeric compounds created industrially,are widely used to prevent emerging complications in the drilling process.However,compared to modified natural polymers,SPs form a family of high-molecular-weight compounds that are fully synthesized by undergoing chemical polymerization reactions.SPs provide substantial flexibility in their design.Moreover,their size and chemical composition can be adjusted to provide properties for nearly all the functional objectives of drilling fluids.They can be classified based on chemical ingredients,type of reaction,and their responses to heating.However,some of SPs,due to their structural characteristics,have a high cost,a poor temperature and salt resistance in drilling fluids,and degradation begins when the temperature reaches 130℃.These drawbacks prevent SP use in some medium and deep wells.Thus,this review addresses the historical development,the characteristics,manufacturing methods,classification,and the applications of SPs in drilling fluids.The contributions of SPs as additives to drilling fluids to enhance rheology,filtrate generation,carrying of cuttings,fluid lubricity,and clay/shale stability are explained in detail.The mechanisms,impacts,and advances achieved when SPs are added to drilling fluids are also described.The typical challenges encountered by SPs when deployed in drilling fluids and their advantages and drawbacks are also discussed.Economic issues also impact the applications of SPs in drilling fluids.Consequently,the cost of the most relevant SPs,and the monomers used in their synthesis,are assessed.Environmental impacts of SPs when deployed in drilling fluids,and their manufacturing processes are identified,together with advances in SP-treatment methods aimed at reducing those impacts.Recommendations for required future research addressing SP property and performance gaps are provided.

Numerical Study of the Biomechanical Behavior of a 3D Printed Polymer Esophageal Stent in the Esophagus by BP Neural Network Algorithm

Esophageal disease is a common disorder of the digestive system that can severely affect the quality of life andprognosis of patients. Esophageal stenting is an effective treatment that has been widely used in clinical practice.However, esophageal stents of different types and parameters have varying adaptability and effectiveness forpatients, and they need to be individually selected according to the patient’s specific situation. The purposeof this study was to provide a reference for clinical doctors to choose suitable esophageal stents. We used 3Dprinting technology to fabricate esophageal stents with different ratios of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/(Poly-ε-caprolactone) PCL polymer, and established an artificial neural network model that could predict the radial forceof esophageal stents based on the content of TPU, PCL and print parameter. We selected three optimal ratios formechanical performance tests and evaluated the biomechanical effects of different ratios of stents on esophagealimplantation, swallowing, and stent migration processes through finite element numerical simulation and in vitrosimulation tests. The results showed that different ratios of polymer stents had different mechanical properties,affecting the effectiveness of stent expansion treatment and the possibility of postoperative complications of stentimplantation.

在BIOS中嵌入PTN3460模块适配屏幕的方法

目前市场上需搭配LVDS屏幕的工业整机不能快速适配不同分辨率的屏幕,并且不同规格的LVDS屏幕,在使用Flash存储显示时序参数时,若需在一块主板上接不同的LVDS屏幕,均需要独立适配屏幕才能够正常显示。针对上述问题,提出一种在BIOS中嵌入PTN3460模块适配屏幕的方法,对于采用PTN3460的转接方案的显示屏,不再需要在线烧录对应屏幕分辨率专用的PTN3460固件,提高了调试效率,节约售后维护成本。

High-performance and robust high-temperature polymer electrolyte membranes with moderate microphase separation by implementation of terphenyl-based polymers

Acid loss and plasticization of phosphoric acid(PA)-doped high-temperature polymer electrolyte membranes(HT-PEMs)are critical limitations to their practical application in fuel cells.To overcome these barriers,poly(terphenyl piperidinium)s constructed from the m-and p-isomers of terphenyl were synthesized to regulate the microstructure of the membrane.Highly rigid p-terphenyl units prompt the formation of moderate PA aggregates,where the ion-pair interaction between piperidinium and biphosphate is reinforced,leading to a reduction in the plasticizing effect.As a result,there are trade-offs between the proton conductivity,mechanical strength,and PA retention of the membranes with varied m/p-isomer ratios.The designed PA-doped PTP-20m membrane exhibits superior ionic conductivity,good mechanical strength,and excellent PA retention over a wide range of temperature(80–160°C)as well as satisfactory resistance to harsh accelerated aging tests.As a result,the membrane presents a desirable combination of performance(1.462 W cm^(-2) under the H_(2)/O_(2)condition,which is 1.5 times higher than that of PBI-based membrane)and durability(300 h at 160°C and 0.2 A cm^(-2))in the fuel cell.The results of this study provide new insights that will guide molecular design from the perspective of microstructure to improve the performance and robustness of HT-PEMs.

Ignition processes and characteristics of charring conductive polymers with a cavity geometry in precombustion chamber for applications in micro/nano satellite hybrid rocket motors

The arc ignition system based on charring polymers has advantages of simple structure,low ignition power consumption and multiple ignitions,which bringing it broadly application prospect in hybrid propulsion system of micro/nano satellite.However,charring polymers alone need a relatively high input voltage to achieve pyrolysis and ignition,which increases the burden and cost of the power system of micro/nano satellite in practical application.Adding conductive substance into charring polymers can effectively decrease the conducting voltage which can realize low voltage and low power consumption repeated ignition of arc ignition system.In this paper,a charring conductive polymer ignition grain with a cavity geometry in precombustion chamber,which is composed of PLA and multiwall carbon nanotubes(MWCNT)was proposed.The detailed ignition processes were analyzed and two different ignition mechanisms in the cavity of charring conductive polymers were revealed.The ignition characteristics of charring conductive polymers were also investigated at different input voltages,ignition grain structures,ignition locations and injection schemes in a visual ignition combustor.The results demonstrated that the ignition delay and external energy required for ignition were inversely correlated with the voltages applied to ignition grain.Moreover,the incremental depth of cavity shortened the ignition delay and external energy required for ignition while accelerated the propagation of flame.As the depth of cavity increased from 2 to 6 mm(at 50 V),the time of flame propagating out of ignition grain changed from 235.6 to 108 ms,and values of mean ignition delay time and mean external energy required for ignition decreased from 462.8 to 320 ms and 16.2 to 10.75 J,respectively.The rear side of the cavity was the ideal ignition position which had a shorter ignition delay and a faster flame propagation speed in comparison to other ignition positions.Compared to direct injection scheme,swirling injection provided a more favorable flow field environment in the cavity,which was beneficial to ignition and initial flame propagation,but the ignition position needed to be away from the outlet of swirling injector.At last,the repeated ignition characteristic of charring conductive polymers was also investigated.The ignition delay time and external energy required for ignition decreased with repeated ignition times but the variation was decreasing gradually.

The Conversion of Non-Dispersed Polymers into Low-Potassium Anti-Collapse Drilling Fluids

Different drillingfluid systems are designed according to mineral composition,lithology and wellbore stability of different strata.In the present study,the conversion of a non-dispersed polymer drillingfluid into a low potas-sium anti-collapsing drillingfluid is investigated.Since the two drillingfluids belong to completely different types,the key to this conversion is represented by new inhibitors,dispersants and water-loss agents by which a non-dispersed drillingfluid can be turned into a dispersed drillingfluid while ensuring wellbore stability and reason-able rheology(carrying sand—inhibiting cuttings dispersion).In particular,the(QYZ-1)inhibitors and(FSJSS-2)dispersants are used.The former can inhibit the hydration expansion capacity of clay,reduce the dynamic shear force and weaken the viscosity;the latter can improve the sealing effect and reduce thefiltrate loss.The results have shown that after adding a reasonable proportion of these substances(QYZ-1:FSJSS-2)to the non-dispersed polymer drillingfluid,while the apparent viscosity,plastic viscosity,structural viscosity andfluidity index under-went almost negligible changes,the dynamic plastic ratio increased,and thefiltration loss decreased significantly,thereby indicating good compatibility.According to the tests(conducted in the Leijia area),the density was 1.293 g/cm3,and after standing for 24 h,the SF(static settlement factor)was 0.51.Moreover,thefiltration loss was reduced to 4.0 mL,the rolling recovery rate reached 96.92%,with excellent plugging and anti-collapse performances.

基于Bio-Argo浮标数据研究孟加拉湾中部海域溶解氧分布

溶解氧的分布影响着海洋生物的生存,以孟加拉湾低氧区为研究对象,利用2013—2017年该海域Bio-Argo浮标数据和卫星遥感数据,分析孟加拉湾海域海洋上层(0—200m)溶解氧的垂直分布特征,探讨孟加拉湾海表溶解氧和氧跃层时空变化及其成因。结果表明,由于大量径流和降雨的输入,孟加拉湾海表形成显著的盐度成层,导致该海域溶解氧浓度在约40 m处开始显著降低,并在200 m以内降至20μmol·kg^(-1)以下。海表溶解氧浓度与海表温度呈负相关(r=–0.75)。氧跃层深度(DO50μmol·kg^(-1))与23℃等温线和海表面高度异常呈正相关,相关系数r分别为0.93和0.81。孟加拉湾中部低氧区海表温度是影响海表溶解氧变化的主要因素之一,氧跃层的变化则与海洋中尺度涡密切相关。

Analysis of the Fertilizing and Bioremediation Potential of Leaf Litter Compost Amendment in Different Soils through Indexing Method

This research study explored the efficacy of leaf litter compost as a sustainable soil amendment with the objective of promoting soil health and mitigating the accumulation of potentially toxic elements. The investigation encompassed the impact of various organic compost amendments, including leaf compost, cow dung manure, kitchen waste compost, municipal organic waste compost, and vermicompost. The study employed Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) to evaluate soil nutrient levels and concentrations of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) such as arsenic, chromium, cadmium, mercury, lead, nickel, and lithium. The fertilization and bioremediation potential of these compost amendments are quantified using an indexing method. Results indicated a substantial increase in overall nutrient levels (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur) in soils treated with leaf compost and other organic composts. Fertility indices (FI) are notably higher in compost-amended soils (ranging from 2.667 to 3.938) compared to those amended with chemical fertilizers (ranging from 2.250 to 2.813) across all soil samples. Furthermore, the mean concentrations of PTEs were significantly lower in soils treated with leaf compost and other organic compost amendments compared to those treated with chemical fertilizers amendments. The assessment through the indexing method revealed a high clean index (CI) for leaf compost amendment (ranging from 3.407 to 3.58), whereas the chemical fertilizer amendment exhibits a relatively lower CI (ranging from 2.78 to 3.20). Consequently, leaf compost and other organic composts exhibit the potential to enhance sustainable productivity, promoting soil health and environmental safety by improving nutrient levels and remediating potentially toxic elements in the soil.

富血小板纤维蛋白联合Bio-Oss骨粉修复颌骨囊肿术后骨缺损的疗效

目的:观察使用富血小板纤维蛋白(platelet-rich fibrin,PRF)联合Bio-Oss骨粉修复颌骨囊肿术后骨缺损的临床疗效。方法:选取颌骨囊肿术后存在一定大小范围的骨缺损病人共36例作为研究对象,随机分为2组,各18例。对照组病人单纯使用Bio-Oss充填修复骨缺损;观察组病人使用PRF联合Bio-Oss充填颌骨囊肿造成的骨缺损空腔。所有病人术后分别于3、6、12个月进行定期随访观察,通过CBCT影像学检查测量骨密度值评估临床疗效。结果:观察组颌骨囊肿术后伤口愈合良好,对照组有1例术后7 d创口出现轻度糜烂红肿,未见充填材料排异反应。影像学检查显示观察组较对照组病人颌骨缺损空腔内的充填材料随着时间推移与新生骨及周围骨组织生长良好,能够达到临床满意的骨组织修复效果。观察组术后3、6、12个月骨缺损区骨密度均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05~P<0.01)。结论:PRF联合Bio-Oss骨粉可有效提高颌骨囊肿术后骨缺损的成骨疗效。

Efficiency of Bio-Fertilizing as One of the Natural Alternatives to Improve the Growth of Khaya senegalensis and Swietenia mahagoni Trees and for Sustainability

A field experiment was carried out at Ismailia Research Station, Ismailia Governorate from 2020-2022 to improve the growth of Khaya senegalensis and Swietenia mahagoni by using a combination of mineral fertilizer (NPK) and biological fertilizer (Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megatherium, and Bacillus circulant) as recommended dose under new sandy soils conditions. Split plot designed with four treatments (Control, (50% Mineral fertilizer (M.) + 50% Biological fertilizer (Bio.)), 100% M. and 100% Bio.) of each species. Vegetative growth, leaf area, tree biomass, stored carbon, basal area, tree volume, and in the soil both of microbial account and mineral content were determined. The experimental results showed no significant differences between studied species among the most studied parameters except for Khaya senegalensis which gave the highest significant difference in root biomass and below-stored carbon than Swietenia mahagoni. Evidently, the highest significant growth parameters were 100% mineral fertilizer followed by (50% M. + 50% Bio.) as compared with control. No significant difference between 100% M. and (50% M. + 50% Bio.) of shoot dry biomass (15.19 and 12.02 kg, respectively) and above-stored carbon (0.28 and 0.22 Mt, respectively). Microbial account and mineral content in soil were improved after cultivation of tree species compared to before planting and control, especially with 50% mineral fertilizer and 50% bio-fertilizer treatment. In conclusion, a treatment containing 50% mineral fertilizer and 50% bio-fertilizer has led to the ideal Khaya senegalensis and Swietenia mahagoni growth in sandy soil for cheaper and sustainable.

Coconut Fiber Pyrolysis: Bio-Oil Characterization for Potential Application as an Alternative Energy Source and Production of Bio-Degradable Plastics

The current energy crisis could be alleviated by enhancing energy generation using the abundant biomass waste resources. Agricultural and forest wastes are the leading organic waste streams that can be transformed into useful alternative energy resources. Pyrolysis is one of the technologies for converting biomass into more valuable products, such as bio-oil, bio-char, and syngas. This work investigated the production of bio-oil through batch pyrolysis technology. A fixed bed pyrolyzer was designed and fabricated for bio-oil production. The major components of the system include a fixed bed reactor, a condenser, and a bio-oil collector. The reactor was heated using a cylindrical biomass external heater. The pyrolysis process was carried out in a reactor at a pressure of 1atm and a varying operating temperature of 150˚C, 250˚C, 350˚C to 450˚C for 120 minutes. The mass of 1kg of coconut fiber was used with particle sizes between 2.36 mm - 4.75 mm. The results show that the higher the temperature, the more volume of bio-oil produced, with the highest yield being 39.2%, at 450˚C with a heating rate of 10˚C/min. The Fourier transformation Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy analysis was used to analyze the bio-oil components. The obtained bio-oil has a pH of 2.4, a density of 1019.385 kg/m3, and a calorific value of 17.5 MJ/kg. The analysis also showed the presence of high-oxygenated compounds;carboxylic acids, phenols, alcohols, and branched oxygenated hydrocarbons as the main compounds present in the bio-oil. The results inferred that the liquid product could be bestowed as an alternative resource for polycarbonate material production.

A Theory of Bio-Quantum Genetics

The physical mechanism of heredity or inheritance of genes is a quantum mechanical and/or quantum computational process. A theory of bio-quantum genetics is established in this paper. Principle of Bio-quantum Genetics is suggested. I propose and define the soft-genes of genetics controlling the processes of heredity or inheritance of genes. This research deals with the quantum mechanisms of Mendel plant heredity and family inheritance as examples of bio-quantum genetics, deepening our understanding of heredity or inheritance. I believe that more contributions will be made to promote researches of bio-quantum genetics or quantum biology at large.

SLA-Bio处理对纯钛表面MC3T3-E1细胞黏附行为的影响

目的在传统喷砂酸蚀(SLA)处理基础上对纯钛表面进行喷砂、蚀刻和生物矿化(SLA-Bio)处理,观察其表面MC3T3-E1前成骨细胞的黏附铺展行为,以期为纯钛种植体表面改性提供更多研究方向。方法将纯钛片分为SLA组(TiO_(2)砂粒喷砂+HCI/H_(2)SO_(4)混合液酸蚀)和SLA-Bio组(SLA处理后再进行矿化处理14 d),通过SEM-EDS观察钛片表面形貌并分析其表面元素构成。于2组钛片表面接种MC3T3-E1细胞,分别于接种后1 h、6 h、24 h取出钛片,MTT法计算并比较2组钛片表面细胞黏附率,通过荧光染色观察、Image Pro Plus软件分析计算,比较不同表面MC3T3-E1细胞铺展行为及形态因子的差异。结果SLA组钛片表面呈蜂窝状、大小不一、深浅不等的不规则孔洞结构,SLA-Bio组钛片表面可见多孔微纳米球状羟磷灰石(hydroxyapatite,HA)沉积物,球体表面可见针状纳米微粒;MC3T3-E1细胞接种后1 h、6 h、24 h时,SLA-Bio组细胞黏附率均明显高于SLA组(P<0.05),SLA-Bio组细胞形态因子均明显低于SLA组(P<0.05);细胞荧光染色结果显示,与SLA组相比,SLA-Bio组在接种后各个时间段均呈现更好的黏附伸展形态。结论SLA-Bio处理可在纯钛表面形成多孔微纳米球状HA沉积物;SLA-Bio表面较SLA表面更有利于MC3T3-E1细胞的黏附和伸展,可能促进种植体骨结合的过程。

基于DSP/BIOS的多机通信系统的设计与实现

数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor,DSP)在电子设计中应用广泛,DSP/基本输入输出系统(Basic Input Output System,BIOS)则是TI公司推出的一个应用于DSP平台的实时嵌入式操作系统,为设计多任务程序带来极大便利。以TMS320C5509A芯片为例,结合具体工程实践,设计了基于DSP/BIOS的多机集成电路总线(Inter-Integrated Circuit,I2C)通信系统。分析中断处理流程和数据发送流程,并指出设计过程中应该注意的相关问题,给出了系统稳定性和中央处理器(Central Processing Unit,CPU)利用率的测试结果,对相关工程实施具备很好的指导作用。

Biosorption of Cu(Ⅱ) on extracellular polymers from Bacillus sp.F19

Biosorption can be an effective process for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions.The adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution on the extracellular polymers (EPS) from Bacillus sp.(named MBFF19) with respect to pH,incubation time,concentration of initial Cu(Ⅱ),and biosorbent dose was studied.Biosorption of Cu(Ⅱ) is highly pH dependent.The maximum uptake of Cu(Ⅱ) (89.62 mg/g) was obtained at pH 4.8.Biosorption equilibrium was established in approximately 10 min.The correlation coeffcient of mor...