Comparison of Various Foods Intakes and Their Relationships with Body Mass Index in Japanese Old Men and Women

Objective: Obesity is an important health problem, leading to many metabolic diseases such as type2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, cancer etc. There are many diet proposals to combat obesity. Since obesity is relatively rare in Japan, we wanted to know what kinds of foods influence body mass index (BMI) in old Japanese people. Methods: Healthy participants were given self-administered diet history questionnaires and described answers on each item by recollection of diets they took (7 days dietary recall). We used a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ) by using which the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare reports national Nutrition Surveys. From these questionnaires, we calculated the intakes of energy, carbohydrate, fat, protein or other foods. Results: Men take more alcohol, salt fruit, beans, and eggs than women. Intakes of major foods such as carbohydrate, lipid, and protein did not influence BMI in men and women. Conclusion: Within the range of foods intakes in Japan, no restriction of any food such as carbohydrate is not necessary for staying lean.

身体的澄明之途——对西方哲学中的“身体性”问题的思考

从身体的维度出发,揭示了西方哲学对“身体性”问题两种截然不同的解答：其一,传统西方哲学将肉体和心灵的关系置于一种对立二元论的基本构架中,使肉体在意识哲学中一直处于一种隐匿和遮蔽的状态。其二,后现代哲学家用“肉体”来反抗意识哲学的独断性。展开了所谓的“哲学肉身化”运动,又将肉体以及与肉体相关的一切推上了至高无上的地位。以上这两种哲学在“身体性”问题上仍然是一种“非此即彼”的、“独白式”的主体性哲学,而要真正解决“身体性”问题,只有坚持的一种“身体间性”维度的现象学精神,才可能达到“身心合一”的完美之境。

主体间性:走出审美现代性的悖谬

以“身体性”为口号的审美现代性 ,秉承了克服理性主义之片面性的传统 ,是现代文化中审美主义的逻辑发展。但其哲学前提仍是理性与感性二元分立的人格模式 ,不外是对主体的“理性—感性”二重组合中审美感性因素的强化和夸大 ,并变本加厉地将后者推向了感官和肉体。相反 ,主体间性理论认为主体与他者、人与世界都处在融汇一体的联系中 ,艺术审美是大型的对话 ,以此吁求社会性的行动与变革。这样 ,就有可能成功走出审美现代性的困境。

不同肥胖测量指标在预测亚临床动脉粥样硬化的比较研究

目的:评价脂肪测量的三个指标:体重指数(body mass index,BMl);腰围(waist circ-umference,WC)和体脂量(body fat mass,BFM)在既往无心血管疾病的人群中对亚临床动脉粥样硬化的预测作用。方法:对年龄在22～79岁的进行冠心病一级预防的649例患者进行部分交叉研究。结果:肥胖测量的三个指标与亚临床动脉粥样硬化的发生,高冠心病危险和低度炎症均为正相关,在与亚临床动脉粥样硬化的发生和高冠心病危险中,BFM的关系最强。在与低度炎症中,WC的作用最强。结论:BFM与亚临床动脉粥样硬化最为紧密。本研究提示BFM可以在成人中作为预测心血管事件的补充参考指标。

稀土元素在鄂东南找矿预测中的应用

鄂东南以铜、铁、金为主的多金属矿床，大多与燕山期中酸性侵入岩有关。对区内大量稀土数据的研究发现：侵入岩的稀土元素特征值、稀土异常形式以及矽卡岩接触带上的稀土元素演化具有明显的规律，可作为判别成矿与否的有效指标。

Nutritional status of children in rural India: a case study from Tamil Nadu, first in the world to initiate the Mid-Day Meal scheme

In India, during the mid-nineties the Union Government had initiated the Mid-Day Meal schemes in schools to promote primary education on one hand, and to reduce malnutrition on the other. However, Tamil Nadu had launched this program several decades before;during the regime of Mr. Kumarasami Kamraj (1954-1963). An empirical study was undertaken in the rural areas of Tamil Nadu, in the south of India, to understand the nutritional status of the children between 11 and 18 years old. This group is vulnerable, as during this age, individuals undergo physical and mental changes. We calculated the Body Mass Index (BMI) of school children to assess their nutritional status. A total of 806 school children took part in this study and the majority of them were found to be underweight in the study region. Irrespective of their age group and sex, as per the WHO’s international standards, 83% of the students were underweight (BMIBMI 18.5 - 24.9), and of the rest, 0.39% and 0.06% were in the BMI range of 25 - 29.9 (overweight) and 30 - 35.9 (obese), respectively. Based on available data, a regression analysis was carried out. This regression model showed that students’ age, sex and father’s occupation significantly affects their BMI. Further analysis showed that BMI was independent of the students’ blood group. It was concluded that malnutrition among school children can be eliminated by providing additional healthy foods and by improving the Socio Economic Background (SEB) of the region.

Effect of Combined Vitamin C and Vitamin E Supplementation on Reproductive Performance and Hatching Rate in Japanese Laying Quail

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of vitE(Vitamin E)supplementation in combination with vitC(Vitamin C)on reproductive performance and hatching rate of Japanese quail at the age of 59-114 days.A total of 132 laying quails were arranged in a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 4 replicates,each replicate being 9 female quails and 2 male quails at 59 days of age.The experimental treatments were as follows:control fed the basal diet(KPCS),E125C75 including KPCS supplemented with 125 mg vitE/kg feed combined with 75 mg vitC/kg feed and E125C125 including KPCS supplemented 125 mg vitE/kg feed combined with 125 mg vitC/kg feed.Research results showed that the highest WG(Weight Gain)was in E125C125(30.32 g)and lowest in E125C75(17.37 g).There were no statistically significant differences between treatments in terms of laying rate,feed conversion ratio,egg mass and egg weight.However,hatching rate and bodyweight of quails at 1 day of age were significantly different between treatments,the highest was E125C125(74.37%and 7.43 g),followed by E125C75(70.02%and 7.03 g)and the lowest was control(65.89%and 6.82 g).It can be concluded that E125C125 not only improved laying rate but also increased hatching rate and bodyweight of quail chick.

Habitat productivity is a poor predictor of body size in rodents

The"resource availability hypothesis"predicts occurrence of larger rodents in more productive habitats.This prediction was tested in a dataset of 1,301 rodent species.We used adult body mass as a measure of body size and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)as a measure of habitat productivity.We utilized a cross-species approach to investigate the association between these variables.This was done at both the order level(Rodentia)and at narrower taxonomic scales.We applied phylogenetic generalized least squares(PGLS)to correct for phylogenetic relationships.The relationship between body mas and NDVI was also investigated across rodent assemblages.We controlled for spatial autocorrelation using generalized least squares(GLS)analysis.The cross-species approach found extremely low support for the resource availability hypothesis.This was reflected by a weak positive association between body mass and NDVI at the order level.We find a positive association in only a minority of rodent subtaxa.The best fit GLS model detected no significant association between body mass and NDVI across assemblages.Thus,our results do not support the view that resource availability plays a major role in explaining geographic variation in rodent body size.

体表测量指数与急性高原反应的相关性分析

人体对高原缺氧环境的耐受能力有明显个体差异,研究表明个体差异除家族遗传性因素以外,还与个体的年龄、性别、体型、身体状况、心肺功能、体内激素和酶活性、心理因素以及吸烟等生活习性相关[1-8].世居平原地区人群进入高原地区工作生活,由于缺氧会引起急性高原反应(acute mountain sickness,AMS),严重影响作业能力,严重者更有可能发生危及生命安全的并发症[5].因此在进入高原地区前,筛选出AMS易感者加以针对性的训练或进入高原地区后给予重点关注,对减轻AMS反应程度、保持作业能力具有重要的意义.

身体性与祛身化:一种关于共同体衰变机制的分析

共同体成员经常性的面对面互动是以身体在场为前提的,因此身体性是共同体属性的一个重要层面;共同体生活的形成和呈现需以身体感知为基础,共同体的属性和规则也反映在了身体的意义和活动中。当代社会的共同体出现了衰变的趋势,其中一个明显的征候就是祛身化。物品对社会生活的嵌入导致了身体间的隔离以及身体感知的钝化,而抽象系统的扩张则加剧了身体的隔离和流动,这两方面均导致了共同体纽带的松动,共同体生活也变得抽象而单一。分析身体性的嬗变有助于反思共同体衰变的机制,从而可以从身体维度来思考如何恢复共同体的原初状态和基本功能。

五省招飞学生身高坐高调查与招飞体检新标准的探讨

招飞体检标准身高坐高制定应该参考不同机种座舱设计及应招对象发育情况等因素.我国以前招飞体检身高坐高标准的拟订是为了满足驾驶战斗机的要求,身高不超过178 cm,坐高不超过96 cm.我们在招飞体检过程中针对5省应招年龄男性进行了身高坐高实际情况的调查,为新标准的修改提供了一定的参考依据.

192例民航飞行员血脂变化的追踪调查

血脂异常是心血管疾病的主要危险因素之一,不予控制可导致心血管疾病发生,进而威胁到飞行安全[1].本调查通过分析南航深圳分公司飞行员2006-2008年3年体检资料,旨在发现飞行员血脂异常罹患情况及流行发展特点,并提出有效的健康教育及医疗干预措施. 一、对象和方法 1.对象:2006-2008年均接受空勤体检的航线飞行员共1 92人,平均年龄35.5岁,平均总飞行时间8100 h. 2.方法 (1)体格检查:晨起空腹体重(kg),使用数字电子称测量(±0.1 kg);身高(cm),使用金属立柱式身高仪测量(±0.1 cm);计算体质指数(body mass index,bmi),bmi=体重(kg)/身高2(m2).