CPT原子磁力仪转向差及其标定补偿

CPT原子磁力仪具有无方向盲区,并且在磁感应强度方向变化时可连续测量无需模式切换的特点,特别适合搭载在卫星、直升机等平台进行拖曳式探测。但是CPT原子磁力仪存在转向差问题,且探头剩磁干扰会影响转向差的补偿精度,进而影响其使用性能。本文针对CPT原子磁力仪转向差问题,分析了转向差机理,建立了探头剩磁补偿模型并进行了补偿,使用粒子群算法估计了剩磁参数,并使用剩磁补偿后的转向差离散点进行三次样条插值得到转向差曲线。试验结果表明:算法估计的探头剩磁在旋转面的投影分量大小为0.344 nT,方向与探头轴线垂直。在剩磁补偿前后,转向差补偿后的残差标准差由0.288 nT减小到0.132 nT,标准差减小了54%,有效提高了CPT原子磁力仪的使用性能。

微型CPT原子钟泵浦方法试验研究

CPT原子钟是一种基于相干布居囚禁(CPT)原理的小型原子钟,其不含微波谐振腔的特点有利于降低物理系统的体积与功耗。为探索适用于微型CPT原子钟的泵浦方法,在物理系统体积、功耗和复杂度的限制下,选出单一圆偏振光、平行线偏振光和椭圆偏振光三种方法。基于6 mm×6 mm×6 mm的微型87Rb原子气室,搭建桌面系统测得三种方法下CPT共振信号的线宽和信噪比数据。结果表明微型CPT原子钟更适合采用椭圆偏振光方法。

The Analysis of the Correlation between SPT and CPT Based on CNN-GA and Liquefaction Discrimination Research

The objective of this study is to investigate themethods for soil liquefaction discrimination. Typically, predicting soilliquefaction potential involves conducting the standard penetration test (SPT), which requires field testing and canbe time-consuming and labor-intensive. In contrast, the cone penetration test (CPT) provides a more convenientmethod and offers detailed and continuous information about soil layers. In this study, the feature matrix based onCPT data is proposed to predict the standard penetration test blow count N. The featurematrix comprises the CPTcharacteristic parameters at specific depths, such as tip resistance qc, sleeve resistance f s, and depth H. To fuse thefeatures on the matrix, the convolutional neural network (CNN) is employed for feature extraction. Additionally,Genetic Algorithm (GA) is utilized to obtain the best combination of convolutional kernels and the number ofneurons. The study evaluated the robustness of the proposed model using multiple engineering field data sets.Results demonstrated that the proposed model outperformed conventional methods in predicting N values forvarious soil categories, including sandy silt, silty sand, and clayey silt. Finally, the proposed model was employedfor liquefaction discrimination. The liquefaction discrimination based on the predicted N values was comparedwith the measured N values, and the results showed that the discrimination results were in 75% agreement. Thestudy has important practical application value for foundation liquefaction engineering. Also, the novel methodadopted in this research provides new ideas and methods for research in related fields, which is of great academicsignificance.

三子养亲汤对正常高值血压痰湿壅盛证大鼠PPARα/CPT-1通路的影响

目的:基于过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPARα)/肉毒碱棕榈酰基转移酶-1(CPT-1)通路探究三子养亲汤对正常高值血压痰湿壅盛证大鼠脂质代谢的影响。方法:将50只Wistar大鼠随机分成空白组10只及造模组40只,空白组给予维持饲料,造模组采用高脂饲料饲养+高盐(6%盐水)灌胃方式制备正常高值血压痰湿壅盛证大鼠模型,造模8周,模型构建成功后将40只大鼠随机分为模型组及三子养亲汤低、中、高剂量组,每组各10只。其后,空白组给予生理盐水灌胃,造模组继续给予高脂饲料加6%盐水灌胃,同时三子养亲汤各组给予相应浓度水煎液灌胃。灌胃8周后,检测各组大鼠体质量、血压、血脂四项及肝脏生化指标,观察肝脏病理形态及脂质沉积情况,检测大鼠肝脏中PPARα、CPT-1、酰基辅酶A氧化酶(ACOX1)基因和蛋白的表达。结果:与模型组比较,三子养亲汤高剂量组体质量、血压及血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶均显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01)。空白组大鼠肝细胞排列整齐,细胞核形态完整,无红色脂质沉积;模型组大鼠肝细胞排列不整齐,出现细胞核消失的现象,肝细胞内出现部分脂质沉积;三子养亲汤高剂量组肝细胞排列规则、细胞核完整,有较少红色脂质沉积;三子养亲汤中、低剂量组细胞核较完整,肝细胞排列较整齐,有少量红色脂质沉积。与模型组比较,三子养亲汤高剂量组PPARα、CPT-1、ACOX1蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),中剂量组ACOX1蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,三子养亲汤高剂量组PPARα、CPT-1、ACOX1mRNA水平升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),三子养亲汤低、中剂量组ACOX1mRNA水平升高(P<0.01)。结论:三子养亲汤可改善正常高值血压痰湿壅盛证大鼠体质量、血压、血脂及肝脏生化指标等。其机制可能与三子养亲汤调控PPARα/CPT-1信号通路,促进脂肪酸氧化分解,进而调控肝脏脂质代谢相关。

Analysis and optimization of stamping and forming process of bearing outer ring

To address the common issues of wrinkling,tearing,and uneven wall thickness in the actual sheet metal stamp-ing process of the outer ring of needle roller bearings,this study analyzes critical technical indicators such asforming limits,thickness distribution,and principal strains in the forming process in detail.Three-dimensionalmodels of the concave and convex dies were constructed.The effects of different process parameters,includingstamping speed,edge pressure,sheet metal thickness,and friction coefficient,on the quality of the forming partswere investigated by varying these parameters.Subsequently,the orthogonal experimental method was used todetermine an optimal experimental group from multiple sets of experiments.It was found that under the processparameters of a stamping speed of 3000 mm/s,edge pressure of 2000 N,sheet metal thickness of 0.9 mm,andfriction coefficient of 0.125,the forming quality of the outer ring of the bearing is ideal.

Theoretical Analysis on Deflection and Bearing Capacity of Prestressed Bamboo-Steel Composite Beams

A theoretical analysis of upward deflection and midspan deflection of prestressed bamboo-steel composite beams is presented in this study.The deflection analysis considers the influences of interface slippage and shear deformation.Furthermore,the calculation model for flexural capacity is proposed considering the two stages of loading.The theoretical results are verified with 8 specimens considering different prestressed load levels,load schemes,and prestress schemes.The results indicate that the proposed theoretical analysis provides a feasible prediction of the deflection and bearing capacity of bamboo-steel composite beams.For deflection analysis,the method considering the slippage and shear deformation provides better accuracy.The theoretical method for bearing capacity matches well with the test results,and the relative errors in the serviceability limit state and ultimate limit state are 4.95%and 5.85%,respectively,which meet the accuracy requirements of the engineered application.

Design and optimization of fluid lubricated bearings operated with extreme working performances——a comprehensive review

Fluid lubricated bearings have been widely adopted as support components for high-end equipment in metrology,semiconductor devices,aviation,strategic defense,ultraprecision manufacturing,medical treatment,and power generation.In all these applications,the equipment must deliver extreme working performances such as ultraprecise movement,ultrahigh rotation speed,ultraheavy bearing loads,ultrahigh environmental temperatures,strong radiation resistance,and high vacuum operation,which have challenged the design and optimization of reliable fluid lubricated bearings.Breakthrough of any related bottlenecks will promote the development course of high-end equipment.To promote the advancement of high-end equipment,this paper reviews the design and optimization of fluid lubricated bearings operated at typical extreme working performances,targeting the realization of extreme working performances,current challenges and solutions,underlying deficiencies,and promising developmental directions.This paper can guide the selection of suitable fluid lubricated bearings and optimize their structures to meet their required working performances.

A Dual-Task Learning Approach for Bearing Anomaly Detection and State Evaluation of Safe Region

Predictive maintenance has emerged as an effective tool for curbing maintenance costs,yet prevailing research predominantly concentrates on the abnormal phases.Within the ostensibly stable healthy phase,the reliance on anomaly detection to preempt equipment malfunctions faces the challenge of sudden anomaly discernment.To address this challenge,this paper proposes a dual-task learning approach for bearing anomaly detection and state evaluation of safe regions.The proposed method transforms the execution of the two tasks into an optimization issue of the hypersphere center.By leveraging the monotonicity and distinguishability pertinent to the tasks as the foundation for optimization,it reconstructs the SVDD model to ensure equilibrium in the model’s performance across the two tasks.Subsequent experiments verify the proposed method’s effectiveness,which is interpreted from the perspectives of parameter adjustment and enveloping trade-offs.In the meantime,experimental results also show two deficiencies in anomaly detection accuracy and state evaluation metrics.Their theoretical analysis inspires us to focus on feature extraction and data collection to achieve improvements.The proposed method lays the foundation for realizing predictive maintenance in a healthy stage by improving condition awareness in safe regions.

Fault Diagnosis Method of Rolling Bearing Based on MSCNN-LSTM

Deep neural networks have been widely applied to bearing fault diagnosis systems and achieved impressive success recently.To address the problem that the insufficient fault feature extraction ability of traditional fault diagnosis methods results in poor diagnosis effect under variable load and noise interference scenarios,a rolling bearing fault diagnosis model combining Multi-Scale Convolutional Neural Network(MSCNN)and Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)fused with attention mechanism is proposed.To adaptively extract the essential spatial feature information of various sizes,the model creates a multi-scale feature extraction module using the convolutional neural network(CNN)learning process.The learning capacity of LSTM for time information sequence is then used to extract the vibration signal’s temporal feature information.Two parallel large and small convolutional kernels teach the system spatial local features.LSTM gathers temporal global features to thoroughly and painstakingly mine the vibration signal’s characteristics,thus enhancing model generalization.Lastly,bearing fault diagnosis is accomplished by using the SoftMax classifier.The experiment outcomes demonstrate that the model can derive fault properties entirely from the initial vibration signal.It can retain good diagnostic accuracy under variable load and noise interference and has strong generalization compared to other fault diagnosis models.

Novel Method for Evaluating the Aging of Aviation Turbine Engine Oils via High-Temperature Bearing Deposit Tests

Aviation turbine engine oils require excellent thermal-oxidative stability because of their high-temperature environments.High-temperature bearing deposit testing is a mandatory method for measuring the thermal-oxidative performance of aviation lubricant oils,and the relevant apparatus was improved in the present study.Two different commercial aviation turbine engine oils were tested,one with standard performance(known as the SL oil)and the other with high thermal stability,and their thermal-oxidative stability characteristics were evaluated.After 100 h of high-temperature bearing testing,the SL oil was analyzed by using various analytical techniques to investigate its thermal-oxidative process in the bearing test,with its thermal-oxidative degradation mechanism also being discussed.The results indicate that the developed high-temperature bearing apparatus easily meets the test requirements of method 3410.1 in standard FED-STD-791D.The viscosity and total acid number(TAN)of the SL oil increased with the bearing test time,and various deposits were produced in the bearing test,with the micro-particles of the carbon deposits being sphere-like,rod-like,and sheet-like in appearance.The antioxidant additives in the oil were consumed very rapidly in the first 30 h of the bearing test,with N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine being consumed faster than dioctyldiphenylamine.Overall,the oil thermal-oxidative process involves very complex physical and chemical mechanisms.

Influence of Incomplete Soil Plugs on Bearing Capacities of Bucket Foundations in Clay

Due to the uneven seabed and heaving of soil during pumping,incomplete soil plugs may occur during the installation of bucket foundations,and the impacts on the bearing capacities of bucket foundations need to be evaluated.In this paper,the contact ratio(the ratio of the top diameter of the soil plug to the diameter of the bucket)and the soil plug ratio(the ratio of the soil heave height to the skirt height)are defined to describe the shape and size of the incomplete soil plug.Then,finite element models are established to investigate the bearing capacities of bucket foundations with incomplete soil plugs and the influences of the contact ratios,and the soil plug ratios on the bearing capacities are analyzed.The results show that the vertical bearing capacity of bucket foundations in homogeneous soil continuously improves with the increase of the contact ratio.However,in normally consolidated soil,the vertical bearing capacity barely changes when the contact ratio is smaller than 0.75,while the bearing capacity suddenly increases when the contact ratio increases to 1 due to the change of failure mode.The contact ratio hardly affects the horizontal bearing capacity of bucket foundations.Moreover,the moment bearing capacity improves with the increase of the contact ratio for small aspect ratios,but hardly varies with increasing contact ratio for aspect ratios larger than 0.5.Consequently,the reduction coefficient method is proposed based on this analysis to calculate the bearing capacities of bucket foundations considering the influence of incomplete soil plugs.The comparison results show that the proposed reduction coefficient method can be used to evaluate the influences of incomplete soil plug on the bearing capacities of bucket foundations.

A Hybrid Approach for Predicting the Remaining Useful Life of Bearings Based on the RReliefF Algorithm and Extreme Learning Machine

Accurately predicting the remaining useful life(RUL)of bearings in mining rotating equipment is vital for mining enterprises.This research aims to distinguish the features associated with the RUL of bearings and propose a prediction model based on these selected features.This study proposes a hybrid predictive model to assess the RUL of rolling element bearings.The proposed model begins with the pre-processing of bearing vibration signals to reconstruct sixty time-domain features.The hybrid model selects relevant features from the sixty time-domain features of the vibration signal by adopting the RReliefF feature selection algorithm.Subsequently,the extreme learning machine(ELM)approach is applied to develop a predictive model of RUL based on the optimal features.The model is trained by optimizing its parameters via the grid search approach.The training datasets are adjusted to make them most suitable for the regression model using the cross-validation method.The proposed hybrid model is analyzed and validated using the vibration data taken from the public XJTU-SY rolling element-bearing database.The comparison is constructed with other traditional models.The experimental test results demonstrated that the proposed approach can predict the RUL of bearings with a reliable degree of accuracy.

Intelligent Fault Diagnosis Method of Rolling Bearings Based on Transfer Residual Swin Transformer with Shifted Windows

Due to their robust learning and expression ability for complex features,the deep learning(DL)model plays a vital role in bearing fault diagnosis.However,since there are fewer labeled samples in fault diagnosis,the depth of DL models in fault diagnosis is generally shallower than that of DL models in other fields,which limits the diagnostic performance.To solve this problem,a novel transfer residual Swin Transformer(RST)is proposed for rolling bearings in this paper.RST has 24 residual self-attention layers,which use the hierarchical design and the shifted window-based residual self-attention.Combined with transfer learning techniques,the transfer RST model uses pre-trained parameters from ImageNet.A new end-to-end method for fault diagnosis based on deep transfer RST is proposed.Firstly,wavelet transform transforms the vibration signal into a wavelet time-frequency diagram.The signal’s time-frequency domain representation can be represented simultaneously.Secondly,the wavelet time-frequency diagram is the input of the RST model to obtain the fault type.Finally,our method is verified on public and self-built datasets.Experimental results show the superior performance of our method by comparing it with a shallow neural network.

Three dimensional discrete element modelling of the conventional compression behavior of gas hydrate bearing coal

To analyze the relationship between macro and meso parameters of the gas hydrate bearing coal(GHBC)and to calibrate the meso-parameters,the numerical tests were conducted to simulate the laboratory triaxial compression tests by PFC3D,with the parallel bond model employed as the particle contact constitutive model.First,twenty simulation tests were conducted to quantify the relationship between the macro–meso parameters.Then,nine orthogonal simulation tests were performed using four meso-mechanical parameters in a three-level to evaluate the sensitivity of the meso-mechanical parameters.Furthermore,the calibration method of the meso-parameters were then proposed.Finally,the contact force chain,the contact force and the contact number were examined to investigate the saturation effect on the meso-mechanical behavior of GHBC.The results show that:(1)The elastic modulus linearly increases with the bonding stiffness ratio and the friction coefficient while exponentially increasing with the normal bonding strength and the bonding radius coefficient.The failure strength increases exponentially with the increase of the friction coefficient,the normal bonding strength and the bonding radius coefficient,and remains constant with the increase of bond stiffness ratio;(2)The friction coefficient and the bond radius coefficient are most sensitive to the elastic modulus and the failure strength;(3)The number of the force chains,the contact force,and the bond strength between particles will increase with the increase of the hydrate saturation,which leads to the larger failure strength.

Bearing capacity of circular footings on multi-layered sand-waste tire shreds reinforced with geogrids

The presence of waste tires poses an environmental challenge as they occupy a significant amount of land and are expensive to dispose in landfills.However,reusing waste tires can address this issue when waste tires are used in geotechnical applications.To determine the viability of this approach,laboratoryscale tests were conducted to investigate load-bearing capacity of circular footings on sand-tire shred(STS)mixtures with shredded waste tire contents of 5%e15%by weight and three different widths of shreds.The investigation focused on analyzing the thickness of layers composed of STS mixtures,the soil cap,and the impact of geogrids on bearing capacity.The results indicate that a specific mixture of sand and tire shreds provides the highest footing-bearing capacity.In addition,the optimal shred content and size were found to be 10%by weight and 2 cm×10 cm,respectively.Furthermore,for a given tire shred width,a particular length provides the largest bearing capacity.The results agree well with that of previous research conducted by the first author and his colleagues in direct shear and California bearing ratio(CBR)tests.The primary finding of this research is that the use of two-layered STS mixtures reinforced by geogrids significantly enhances the bearing capacity.

Study on a conical bearing for acceleration-sensitive equipment

Seismic isolation effectively reduces seismic demands on building structures by isolating the superstructure from ground vibrations during earthquakes.However,isolation strategies give less attention to acceleration-sensitive systems or equipment.Meanwhile,as the isolation layer’s displacement grows,the stiffness and frequency of traditional rolling and sliding isolation bearings increases,potentially causing self-centering and resonance concerns.As a result,a new conical pendulum bearing has been selected for acceleration-sensitive equipment to increase self-centering capacity,and additional viscous dampers are incorporated to enhance system damping.Moreover,the theoretical formula for conical pendulum bearings is supplied to analyze the device’s dynamic parameters,and shake table experiments are used to determine the proposed device’s isolation efficiency under various conditions.According to the test results,the newly proposed devices have remarkable isolation performance in terms of minimizing both acceleration and displacement responses.Finally,a numerical model of the isolation system is provided for further research,and the accuracy is demonstrated by the aforementioned experiments.

Vibration Suppression for Active Magnetic Bearings Using Adaptive Filter with Iterative Search Algorithm

Active Magnetic Bearing(AMB) is a kind of electromagnetic support that makes the rotor movement frictionless and can suppress rotor vibration by controlling the magnetic force. The most common approach to restrain the rotor vibration in AMBs is to adopt a notch filter or adaptive filter in the AMB controller. However, these methods cannot obtain the precise amplitude and phase of the compensation current. Thus, they are not so effective in terms of suppressing the vibrations of the fundamental and other harmonic orders over the whole speed range. To improve the vibration suppression performance of AMBs,an adaptive filter based on Least Mean Square(LMS) is applied to extract the vibration signals from the rotor displacement signal. An Iterative Search Algorithm(ISA) is proposed in this paper to obtain the corresponding relationship between the compensation current and vibration signals. The ISA is responsible for searching the compensating amplitude and shifting phase online for the LMS filter, enabling the AMB controller to generate the corresponding compensation force for vibration suppression. The results of ISA are recorded to suppress vibration using the Look-Up Table(LUT) in variable speed range. Comprehensive simulations and experimental validations are carried out in fixed and variable speed range, and the results demonstrate that by employing the ISA, vibrations of the fundamental and other harmonic orders are suppressed effectively.

基于应激CPT模型和理性情绪理论的游戏服务在肠造口术患儿中的应用效果

目的探讨基于应激CPT(cognitive phenomenological transnational)模型和理性情绪理论的游戏服务在学龄期肠造口术患儿中的应用。方法选取本院2020年5月—2022年5月收治的130例学龄期肠造口术患儿作为研究对象,将2020年5月—2021年5月收治的65例肠造口术患儿列为对照组,将2021年6月—2022年5月收治的65例肠造口术患儿列为观察组。对照组行常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上实施基于应激CPT模型和理性情绪理论的游戏服务护理措施,观察并比较两组患儿干预后的心理状态、应对方式及遵医行为情况。结果干预后,观察组患儿焦虑、抑郁评分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患儿的消极应对各维度评分低于对照组,积极应对各维度评分高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患儿遵医依从率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论基于应激CPT模型和理性情绪理论的游戏服务应用于学龄期肠造口患儿临床护理中,可显著缓解患儿的焦虑、抑郁不良情绪,提升其积极应对水平,提高遵医依从性,为患儿获取优质预后起到了重要作用,安全有效,应用简便,值得在临床推广和应用。

An Rapid Assessment Method for Bearing Capacity of RC Girder Bridges Based on Residual Strain

In order to realize the in-situ evaluation of reinforced concrete bridges subjected to fatigue for a long time or after earthquake, an evaluation method for cumulative damage of concrete structures based on unloading elastic modulus was proposed. First, according to the concrete stress-strain curve and the statistical relationship between residual strain and cumulative strain, the calculation method of static equivalent strain and residual strain concrete based on unloading elastic modulus and the method for estimating the strength of concrete after damage were proposed. The detailed steps of field test and analysis and the practical damage indicators of residual strain were given. Then, the evaluation method of existing stress and strain of Reinforced Concrete Bridge under dead load and the concept of “equivalent dead load bending moment” were put forward. On this basis, the paper analyzed the root cause of the decrease of bearing capacity of Reinforced Concrete Bridge after fatigue damage, and pointed out that the equivalent strain or residual strain of reinforced concrete increases under the fatigue effect, which led to the decreasing of actual live moment and deformation performance while the ultimate load-carrying capacity remained constant or very little decrease. The evaluation method of structure residual capacity was given, and through comparative analysis of eight T reinforced concrete beams that had been in service for 35 years with the static failure tests, the effectiveness of the method was verified.

我国积极对接CPTPP背景下的智慧关税建设路径研究

当前全球经济秩序和贸易体系处于变革和重塑时期,以《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》(CPTPP)为代表的高标准国际经贸规则发挥了引领作用,其高水准制定的规则成为国际贸易新趋势。我国于2021年申请加入CPTPP。习近平总书记多次在重要的国际会议场合强调或者重申:“中国将积极推动加入CPTPP”。关税减让是CPTPP的核心内容之一。如何通过智慧关税建设,对标CPTPP的规则、标准、管理提升监管服务水平,成为我国高质量对接CPTPP,进一步推动制度型开放的关键。