China Seismic Experimental Site(CSES)deals with a long-term process of development of a multidisciplinary technical system.In the construction,maintenance,and upgrading of CSES,ideas of systems engineering play an imp...China Seismic Experimental Site(CSES)deals with a long-term process of development of a multidisciplinary technical system.In the construction,maintenance,and upgrading of CSES,ideas of systems engineering play an important role.This article discusses several concepts which might be useful for CSES,including system metaphor,system performance evaluation,and system design.展开更多
Solid-state lithium batteries(SSLBs) have attracted great interest from researchers due to their inherent high energy density and high safety performance.In order to develop SSLBs,the following two key problems should...Solid-state lithium batteries(SSLBs) have attracted great interest from researchers due to their inherent high energy density and high safety performance.In order to develop SSLBs,the following two key problems should be solved:(1) Improving the lithium ion conductivity of solid electrolyte at room temperature;and(2) improving the interface between the electrode and the electrolyte.Herein,we propose a new multifunctional filler for reinforcing polymer electrolytes.The composite solid electrolytes(CSEs)mainly contain a MOF-derived Co-doped hollow porous carbon nanocage,which absorbs Li~+ containing ionic liquid(Li-ILs@HPCN),polyethylene oxide(PEO) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide.By optimizing the composition of the CSEs,the CSEs membrane with high ionic conductivity(1.91×10^(-4) S cm^(-1) at 30℃),wide electrochemical stability(5.2 V) and high mobility of lithium ion(0.5) was obtained.Even at a current density of 0.2 mA cm^(-2),the PILH electrolyte possesses excellent interfacial stability against Li metal in Li symmetrical batteries exceeds 1600 h.Finally,the SSLBs(LFP/PILH/Li) showed excellent cycle stability,and the capacity was maintained at 152.9 and140.0 mA h g^(-1) after 150 cycles at a current density of 0.2 C and 0.5 C.This work proposes a completely new strategy for building high-performance SSLBs.展开更多
The High Precision Magnetometer(HPM) on board the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES) allows highly accurate measurement of the geomagnetic field; it includes FGM(Fluxgate Magnetometer) and CDSM(Coupled Dark ...The High Precision Magnetometer(HPM) on board the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES) allows highly accurate measurement of the geomagnetic field; it includes FGM(Fluxgate Magnetometer) and CDSM(Coupled Dark State Magnetometer)probes. This article introduces the main processing method, algorithm, and processing procedure of the HPM data. First, the FGM and CDSM probes are calibrated according to ground sensor data. Then the FGM linear parameters can be corrected in orbit, by applying the absolute vector magnetic field correction algorithm from CDSM data. At the same time, the magnetic interference of the satellite is eliminated according to ground-satellite magnetic test results. Finally, according to the characteristics of the magnetic field direction in the low latitude region, the transformation matrix between FGM probe and star sensor is calibrated in orbit to determine the correct direction of the magnetic field. Comparing the magnetic field data of CSES and SWARM satellites in five continuous geomagnetic quiet days, the difference in measurements of the vector magnetic field is about 10 nT, which is within the uncertainty interval of geomagnetic disturbance.展开更多
Combat system effectiveness simulation (CSES) is a special type of complex system simulation. Three non-functional requirements (NFRs), i.e. model composability, domain specific modeling, and model evolvability, are g...Combat system effectiveness simulation (CSES) is a special type of complex system simulation. Three non-functional requirements (NFRs), i.e. model composability, domain specific modeling, and model evolvability, are gaining higher priority from CSES users when evaluating different modeling methodologies for CSES. Traditional CSES modeling methodologies are either domain-neutral (lack of domain characteristics consideration and limited support for model composability) or domain-oriented (lack of openness and evolvability) and fall short of the three NFRs. Inspired by the concept of architecture in systems engineering and software engineering fields, we extend it into a concept of model architecture for complex simulation systems, and propose a model architecture-oriented modeling methodology in which the model architecture plays a central role in achieving the three NFRs. Various model-driven engineering (MDE) approaches and technologies, including simulation modeling platform (SMP), unified modeling language (UML), domain specific modeling (DSM), eclipse modeling framework (EMF), graphical modeling framework (GMF), and so forth, are applied where possible in representing the CSES model architecture and its components' behaviors from physical and cognitive domain aspects. A prototype CSES system, called weapon effectiveness simulation system (WESS), and a non-trivial air-combat simulation example are presented to demonstrate the methodology.展开更多
Solid electrolytes have received widespread attention due to their higher safety than liquid electrolytes in the past decades.In particular,organic-inorganic composite solid electro-lytes(CSEs)in which inorganic fller...Solid electrolytes have received widespread attention due to their higher safety than liquid electrolytes in the past decades.In particular,organic-inorganic composite solid electro-lytes(CSEs)in which inorganic fllers dispersed in polymer solid electrolytes are consid-ered to be one of the most promising candidate electrolytes for high-performance solid-state lithium batteries.Understanding the local environments and the conduction pathway/dynamics of Lit is essential for the design of high-performance CSEs.Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)is a non-invasive quantitative technique that has unique ca-pabilities in providing molecular structure information,morphological evolution,and measuring the movement of ions at different time scales.Therefore,for battery re-searchers,an accurate and comprehensive under standing of the basic principles and experimental design of solid-state NMR(SSNMR)is of great significance for investigating the abundant molecular structure and dynamics information in CSEs.The specific appli-cations of the SSNMR technique in CSEs are briefly introduced in this present review.展开更多
Polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based solid-state electrolytes are considered ideal for electrolyte materials in solid-state lithium metal batteries(SSLMBs).However,practical applications are hindered by the lower conductivit...Polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based solid-state electrolytes are considered ideal for electrolyte materials in solid-state lithium metal batteries(SSLMBs).However,practical applications are hindered by the lower conductivity and poor interfacial stability.Here,we propose a strategy to construct a three-dimensional(3D)fiber network of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs).Composite solid electrolytes(CSEs)with continuous ion transport pathways were fabricated by filling a PEO polymer matrix in fibers containing interconnected MOFs.This 3D fiber network provides a fast Li+transport path and effectively improves the ionic conductivity(1.36×10^(-4) S·cm^(-1),30℃).In addition,the network of interconnected MOFs not only effectively traps the anions,but also provides sufficient mechanical strength to prevent the growth of Li dendrites.Benefiting from the advantages of structural design,the CSEs stabilize the Li/electrolyte interface and extend the cycle life of the Li-symmetric cells to 3000 h.The assembled SSLMBs exhibit excellent cycling performance at both room and high temperatures.In addition,the constructed pouch cells can provide an areal capacity of 0.62 mA·h·cm^(-2),which can still operate under extreme conditions.This work provides a new strategy for the design of CSEs with continuous structure and stable operation of SSLMBs.展开更多
文摘China Seismic Experimental Site(CSES)deals with a long-term process of development of a multidisciplinary technical system.In the construction,maintenance,and upgrading of CSES,ideas of systems engineering play an important role.This article discusses several concepts which might be useful for CSES,including system metaphor,system performance evaluation,and system design.
基金supported by the Joint Fund Project-EnterpriseShaanxi Coal Joint Fund Project (2019JLM-32)。
文摘Solid-state lithium batteries(SSLBs) have attracted great interest from researchers due to their inherent high energy density and high safety performance.In order to develop SSLBs,the following two key problems should be solved:(1) Improving the lithium ion conductivity of solid electrolyte at room temperature;and(2) improving the interface between the electrode and the electrolyte.Herein,we propose a new multifunctional filler for reinforcing polymer electrolytes.The composite solid electrolytes(CSEs)mainly contain a MOF-derived Co-doped hollow porous carbon nanocage,which absorbs Li~+ containing ionic liquid(Li-ILs@HPCN),polyethylene oxide(PEO) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide.By optimizing the composition of the CSEs,the CSEs membrane with high ionic conductivity(1.91×10^(-4) S cm^(-1) at 30℃),wide electrochemical stability(5.2 V) and high mobility of lithium ion(0.5) was obtained.Even at a current density of 0.2 mA cm^(-2),the PILH electrolyte possesses excellent interfacial stability against Li metal in Li symmetrical batteries exceeds 1600 h.Finally,the SSLBs(LFP/PILH/Li) showed excellent cycle stability,and the capacity was maintained at 152.9 and140.0 mA h g^(-1) after 150 cycles at a current density of 0.2 C and 0.5 C.This work proposes a completely new strategy for building high-performance SSLBs.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China from MOST (2016YFB0501503)
文摘The High Precision Magnetometer(HPM) on board the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES) allows highly accurate measurement of the geomagnetic field; it includes FGM(Fluxgate Magnetometer) and CDSM(Coupled Dark State Magnetometer)probes. This article introduces the main processing method, algorithm, and processing procedure of the HPM data. First, the FGM and CDSM probes are calibrated according to ground sensor data. Then the FGM linear parameters can be corrected in orbit, by applying the absolute vector magnetic field correction algorithm from CDSM data. At the same time, the magnetic interference of the satellite is eliminated according to ground-satellite magnetic test results. Finally, according to the characteristics of the magnetic field direction in the low latitude region, the transformation matrix between FGM probe and star sensor is calibrated in orbit to determine the correct direction of the magnetic field. Comparing the magnetic field data of CSES and SWARM satellites in five continuous geomagnetic quiet days, the difference in measurements of the vector magnetic field is about 10 nT, which is within the uncertainty interval of geomagnetic disturbance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61273198)
文摘Combat system effectiveness simulation (CSES) is a special type of complex system simulation. Three non-functional requirements (NFRs), i.e. model composability, domain specific modeling, and model evolvability, are gaining higher priority from CSES users when evaluating different modeling methodologies for CSES. Traditional CSES modeling methodologies are either domain-neutral (lack of domain characteristics consideration and limited support for model composability) or domain-oriented (lack of openness and evolvability) and fall short of the three NFRs. Inspired by the concept of architecture in systems engineering and software engineering fields, we extend it into a concept of model architecture for complex simulation systems, and propose a model architecture-oriented modeling methodology in which the model architecture plays a central role in achieving the three NFRs. Various model-driven engineering (MDE) approaches and technologies, including simulation modeling platform (SMP), unified modeling language (UML), domain specific modeling (DSM), eclipse modeling framework (EMF), graphical modeling framework (GMF), and so forth, are applied where possible in representing the CSES model architecture and its components' behaviors from physical and cognitive domain aspects. A prototype CSES system, called weapon effectiveness simulation system (WESS), and a non-trivial air-combat simulation example are presented to demonstrate the methodology.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22075064,No.21673065,No.21611130177).
文摘Solid electrolytes have received widespread attention due to their higher safety than liquid electrolytes in the past decades.In particular,organic-inorganic composite solid electro-lytes(CSEs)in which inorganic fllers dispersed in polymer solid electrolytes are consid-ered to be one of the most promising candidate electrolytes for high-performance solid-state lithium batteries.Understanding the local environments and the conduction pathway/dynamics of Lit is essential for the design of high-performance CSEs.Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)is a non-invasive quantitative technique that has unique ca-pabilities in providing molecular structure information,morphological evolution,and measuring the movement of ions at different time scales.Therefore,for battery re-searchers,an accurate and comprehensive under standing of the basic principles and experimental design of solid-state NMR(SSNMR)is of great significance for investigating the abundant molecular structure and dynamics information in CSEs.The specific appli-cations of the SSNMR technique in CSEs are briefly introduced in this present review.
基金support from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2022TQ0173 and 2023M731922).
文摘Polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based solid-state electrolytes are considered ideal for electrolyte materials in solid-state lithium metal batteries(SSLMBs).However,practical applications are hindered by the lower conductivity and poor interfacial stability.Here,we propose a strategy to construct a three-dimensional(3D)fiber network of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs).Composite solid electrolytes(CSEs)with continuous ion transport pathways were fabricated by filling a PEO polymer matrix in fibers containing interconnected MOFs.This 3D fiber network provides a fast Li+transport path and effectively improves the ionic conductivity(1.36×10^(-4) S·cm^(-1),30℃).In addition,the network of interconnected MOFs not only effectively traps the anions,but also provides sufficient mechanical strength to prevent the growth of Li dendrites.Benefiting from the advantages of structural design,the CSEs stabilize the Li/electrolyte interface and extend the cycle life of the Li-symmetric cells to 3000 h.The assembled SSLMBs exhibit excellent cycling performance at both room and high temperatures.In addition,the constructed pouch cells can provide an areal capacity of 0.62 mA·h·cm^(-2),which can still operate under extreme conditions.This work provides a new strategy for the design of CSEs with continuous structure and stable operation of SSLMBs.
