两地无花果微量元素及总放射性物质分析与质量评估

目的评估新疆阿图什与江苏南通两地无花果产品质量。方法运用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪和总放测量仪,分别对新疆阿图什和江苏南通两地无花果微量元素和总放射性物质进行分析检测。结果新疆阿图什无花果与江苏南通本地无花果微量元素相比,铝、钾、钙、钒、锰、钴、镍、铜、锌、硒、钡等11种微量元素含量明显较高,镁和钼元素略低,铬元素较低。两地无花果的总α放射性物质和总β放射性物质均合格。结论新疆阿图什无花果产品质量优于江苏南通本地的无花果,具有较高的产品开发价值。

7种杀菌剂对无花果炭疽病的室内毒力及田间防效

[目的]筛选出防治无花果炭疽病的有效药剂。[方法]选用7种杀菌剂进行室内毒力测定和田间药效试验。[结果]35%苯醚甲环唑·吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂、30%吡唑醚菌酯·戊唑醇悬浮剂、30%吡唑醚菌酯·氟硅唑乳油、40%苯醚甲环唑悬浮剂、25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂、430 g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂、40%氟硅唑乳油对无花果炭疽病的4 d-EC 50分别为0.1940、0.0788、0.0978、0.4450、0.2180、0.1650、0.1460 mg/L;7种药剂对无花果树叶片炭疽病的防治结果:30%吡唑醚菌酯·戊唑醇悬浮剂在2000倍液下防效最佳,为92.76%±2.96%,30%吡唑醚菌酯·氟硅唑乳油在2000倍液下防效次之,为89.54%±2.41%,两者间无显著差异。其他药剂在2000倍液下防效均超过80%,30%吡唑醚菌酯·戊唑醇悬浮剂在3000倍液下防效也超过80%,其他处理的防效较差。7种药剂对无花果果实炭疽病的防治结果:30%吡唑醚菌酯·戊唑醇悬浮剂在2000倍液下防效最好,达86.22%±3.87%,30%吡唑醚菌酯·氟硅唑乳油在2000倍液下防效为83.69%±1.59%,430 g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂在2000倍液下防效为81.68%±2.01%,其他处理的防效均低于80%。[结论]30%吡唑醚菌酯·戊唑醇悬浮剂和30%吡唑醚菌酯·氟硅唑乳油在2000倍液下对无花果炭疽病具有较好的防效,可以推广到广西地区无花果种植区的炭疽病防治。

无花果粗多糖提取工艺及抗氧化活性研究

本文以冻干无花果为原料,采用超声波辅助法提取粗多糖类物质,探讨提取溶剂、超声功率、提取温度和提取时间对无花果粗多糖提取率的影响,确定最佳提取参数,并通过DPPH自由基清除实验和总抗氧化能力测定评估无花果粗多糖的抗氧化活性。结果表明,以去离子水为提取剂,在超声功率为300 W、提取温度为75℃,提取时间为50 min的条件下,无花果多糖提取率最大。抗氧化活性实验结果表明,无花果粗多糖对DPPH自由基有明显的清除作用。

50份无花果种质资源遗传多样性分析及DNA指纹图谱构建

为探究国内外无花果遗传多样性并对种质资源进行鉴定,利用15对SSR分子标记引物对50份无花果种质资源从DNA水平上进行遗传多样性分析,并构建DNA指纹图谱。结果表明,15对SSR引物在50份无花果种质资源中共扩增出67个等位基因,等位基因数范围为2~8个,观测杂合度(Ho)和期望杂合度(He)平均值分别为0.5947和0.5703,Shannon’s多态性信息指数(I)平均值为1.0452,多态性信息含量指数(PIC)变化范围为0.2411~0.7353,平均为0.5101,表明无花果种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性。50份无花果种质资源之间的遗传距离为0~0.68,平均为0.39,与其他种质资源遗传距离最大的为哈代。基于SSR分子标记结果,利用UPGMA方法对50份无花果种质资源进行聚类分析,根据遗传距离可将50份无花果种质资源分为四大类,第Ⅰ类为哈代,第Ⅱ类为斯特拉,第Ⅲ类为梦幻甜蜜,其余无花果种质资源划归为第Ⅳ类。构建了26份无花果种质资源的SSR指纹图谱,可用于品种鉴定,以期为无花果分子辅助育种提供科学依据。

基因沉默番木瓜环斑病毒复制酶基因(PRSV-Nib)获得抗病毒病番木瓜的研究

番木瓜是重要的热带经济水果。番木瓜环斑病毒(Papaya ringspot virus,PRSV)是番木瓜的重要病毒病,经常导致严重的产量损失和质量恶化。自从1998年第一例转基因番木瓜问世以来,使得基于“致病菌衍生的抗病性(pathogen-derived resistance,PDR)”的抗病育种策略获得成功广泛应用。然而依赖于序列同源性的抗病性与病毒突变导致多样性增加之间的矛盾成为番木瓜育种科学家的新挑战。本研究拟采用RNAi策略针对复制酶(nuclear inclusion b.Nib)获得广谱抗PRSV番木瓜新种质。通过团队已建立的胚性愈伤诱导-农杆菌介导转化-再生苗诱导的番木瓜遗传转化体系,共获得经过抗性筛选的再生苗52株,通过特异性PCR进行筛选共计获得24株转基因阳性植株。通过对T0代田间自然发病试验中,转基因番木瓜株系抗病性明显高于非转基因对照,其中NibB5-2田间抗病性最优。通过hiTAIL-PCR方法确定NibB5-2插入位点位于第2号染色体supercontig_30的1976766的位置。T1代接种试验中,无病毒积累且无发病症状,初步确认具有良好的病毒抗性,为番木瓜抗病育种提供新思路。

外源IBA对无花果扦插苗抗氧化特性及IAA生物合成途径的影响

【目的】探讨适宜浓度吲哚丁酸(IBA)对无花果插穗生根萌芽、抗氧化性及生长素生物合成途径相关基因表达的影响,为其应用于无花果的育种、繁殖、推广和种植提供理论依据。【方法】以‘波姬红’无花果品种硬枝为插穗,观测不同质量浓度IBA(0,30,45,60,90 mg/L)处理下插穗生根性状、抗氧化特性,并对45 mg/L IBA处理及对照组的扦插枝条中段的腋芽进行转录组分析。【结果】(1)无花果插穗萌芽率和生根率在45 mg/L IBA处理时达到最大值,并与其他处理和对照差异显著。(2)随IBA浓度增加,插穗SOD和CAT活性先下降后上升,并均在45,60 mg/L IBA处理下显著低于对照,而POD活性无显著变化;各浓度IBA处理插穗中MDA和H2O2含量均显著高于对照,且45 mg/L IBA处理MDA显著低于其余处理。(3)45 mg/L IBA处理及对照组中共存在6 879个差异表达基因,KEGG富集显示有10个差异途径,GO富集分析表明生物学过程和分子功能为主要的生物学途径;与CAT、SOD相关的基因集中富集在过氧化物酶体通路上,POD相关基因则富集在苯丙烷生物合成通路中;IAA生物合成途径中代谢相关基因FcGH3显著上调表达,与信号转导相关基因FcAUX1、FcARG7和FcARF等显著下调表达。【结论】外源IBA处理会导致无花果插穗抗氧化酶和IAA生物合成途径中相关基因表达的差异变化,增强插穗抗逆性,促进插穗生根、萌芽、成苗,并以外源45 mg/L IBA促进效果最好。

无花果叶提取液复合保鲜膜的研制及其在甜瓜保鲜上的应用

【目的】研究一种无毒安全、绿色环保、廉价易得的植物源抑菌材料,并在甜瓜贮藏与保鲜中应用,为无花果叶提取液复合保鲜膜在甜瓜上的应用提供参考。【方法】优化具有抑菌效果的植物源材料无花果叶提取液的提取工艺,采用响应面法优化乙醇浓度、超声时间、料液比并分析对无花果叶提取液总黄酮取得率的影响。采用十字交叉法测定提取液对甜瓜采后主要病原菌镰刀菌、链格孢的抑菌效果,并将无花果叶提取剂与被膜剂海藻酸钠,抗氧化剂柠檬酸,助剂蔗糖酯进行复合,采用正交法优化各制剂对贮藏期甜瓜腐烂率和失重率的影响。【结果】获得无花果叶提取液的最佳提取工艺参数:乙醇体积百分比为79.73%、超声时间为36.81 min、料液比为1∶24。无花果叶提取液复合膜保鲜剂的最佳组成配方为80 mg/mL无花果提取液+1.5%海藻酸钠+500 mg/L柠檬酸+0.5%蔗糖酯。【结论】无花果叶提取液在抑制甜瓜采后主要病原真菌上效果显著,无花果叶提取液复合保鲜膜在减少甜瓜贮藏期腐烂率和失重率降低上效果明显,可作为甜瓜贮藏保鲜的新型绿色的植物源保鲜材料运用于甜瓜生产中。

非转基因番木瓜新品种比较试验

本研究旨在筛选到综合农艺性状优良,适宜在广东及相近气候产区大面积推广的非转基因番木瓜新品种。以非转基因番木瓜新品种‘紫晖’、‘黄花佑’、‘贮丰’和‘泰国红’为对象,调查其两性株组培苗种植后的物候期、植株生长势、结果特性、果实商品性、果实品质、丰产性及抗性表现,并进行比较分析。参试品种生长势旺盛,综合农艺性状在各试点表现稳定,其中‘紫晖’与‘黄花佑’番木瓜具有结果部位低、花序主轴长度中等、节位坐果率高、丰产稳产、果实一致性好、果面光滑、色泽度好等优点;‘贮丰’具有可溶性固形物含量高、丰产稳产、耐贮藏等优点;‘紫晖’‘、黄花佑’和‘贮丰’3个品种品质均表现优良‘。黄花佑’与‘贮丰’番木瓜适宜鲜食‘,紫晖’既可以作鲜食也可以作加工型非转基因优质高产型新品种,以上3个品种均适宜在广东及相近气候产区推广种植。

‘黄花佑’和‘金锤’番木瓜贮藏期品质、贮藏特性及转录组分析

明确不同品系番木瓜果实硬度差异的原因,为番木瓜采后品质调控、贮藏和保鲜提供新思路。以同一遗传背景下的番木瓜优系‘黄花佑’和‘金锤’果实为材料,分别对两者在贮藏期的品质、贮藏特性和转录组测序数据进行观察、统计和分析。结果显示:‘黄花佑’失水率高于‘金锤’,出现皱皮、果肉细胞膨大的时间也比‘金锤’早。‘金锤’果实在采后贮藏12 d内硬度明显高于‘黄花佑’。‘黄花佑’和‘金锤’的可溶性固形物分别在贮藏的第7天和10~12 d达到峰值,都有较好的品质。转录组分析结果显示:‘黄花佑’和‘金锤’采后贮藏期间的差异表达基因在乙烯途径上明显富集,‘黄花佑’中乙烯的合成及信号启动早于‘金锤’。实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)结果与转录组结果一致。乙烯含量检测结果也与差异基因表达、果实硬度变化和可食用时间一致,乙烯利处理可使‘金锤’果实正常软化。‘黄花佑’和‘金锤’两个番木瓜优系都有较好的果实品质,两者的果实硬度差异与乙烯信号途径密切相关。‘黄花佑’在贮藏一周内销售完为宜,‘金锤’果实硬度高,适合长距离运输,有更好的应用潜力。

日本进境无花果苗中短颈剑线虫的鉴定

短颈剑线虫Xiphinema brevicollum是我国重要的检疫性线虫,寄生于植物根部,影响寄主植物长势并降低产量。本文对青岛口岸进境的日本无花果Ficus carica苗中截获的一种剑线虫进行了形态学特征鉴定和分子序列分析,为口岸进境植物线虫检疫提供参考依据。通过形态特征观察、测计,以及18S rDNA、ITS1、28S-D2/D3区和线粒体COXⅠ基因序列系统发育分析的方法,对截获的日本无花果线虫种群进行鉴定。截获的日本无花果线虫种群形态学和分子生物学特征与短颈剑线虫相似,其主要形态特征为:虫体体型中等,热杀死后向腹面弯曲呈开螺旋“C”形,体长1713.4~1910.2μm,最大体宽35.8~47.1μm,两端渐细。唇区圆,缢缩明显,侧器囊漏斗状。齿尖针约为齿托长度的1.5倍,齿托基部呈凸缘状;导环为双环;阴门位于虫体中部,横裂,阴道长度占阴门处体宽的1/3左右。生殖管对生,均发育完全,生殖管较短,卵巢先端回折,子宫内无特殊分化。尾短圆锥形,背面弯曲,腹面直,尾尖钝圆,尾长24.0~29.5μm,等于或略长于肛门处体宽。基于rDNA ITS1区构建的系统进化树,该截获种群与短颈剑线虫巴西种群、新西兰种群、比利时种群及南非种群聚类成一个独立分支,序列相似性达98.5%~98.7%;基于线粒体COXⅠ序列构建的系统进化树,该截获种群与短颈剑线虫5个日本种群聚类成一个独立分支,序列相似性达91.6%~93.6%。根据形态学和分子生物学特征分析,此次截获的日本无花果线虫种群为短颈剑线虫,并首次确认了无花果为该线虫的自然寄主,海关检疫此类苗木进境时应重点关注该线虫,降低传入几率。

无花果果胶的美白护肤功效初探

目的:探究从无花果中提取的果胶对皮肤的美白和保护作用。方法:采用复合酶解结合热水浸提法提取无花果中的果胶成分,通过自由基清除试验、抑制酪氨酸酶和弹性蛋白酶能力以及结合斑马鱼模式生物美白试验共同分析无花果果胶对皮肤美白、抗衰老和抗皱活性影响。结果:当无花果果胶浓度为2 mg/mL时,对斑马鱼胚黑色素和酪氨酸酶的抑制率分别达到84.8%和76.1%,具有较高抑制黑色素和酪氨酸酶活性的作用。自由基清除率和弹性蛋白酶的抑制率均随着无花果果胶浓度的增加而提高,分别达85.4%和68.7%。结论:本研究提取的无花果果胶具有较好的抗自由基、抑制酪氨酸酶和弹性蛋白酶活性作用,有望应用于抗衰老、美白淡斑、抗皱等护肤类化妆品中。

无花果多糖分离纯化工艺及抗氧化性能研究

为更好地利用无花果副产物,提高其经济价值,探究了无花果多糖(FCW)抗氧化性能。采用微波辅助提取FCW,并对提取工艺进行优化。最佳条件为提取温度70℃、料液比1∶40、微波功率800 W和提取时间50 min,在此条件下,FCW提取率12.32%。以残渣模拟无花果生产后的废料,采用碱液浸提法提取无花果残渣多糖(FCA),并分析其热稳定性。结果表明,FCA在260℃以下具有良好的热稳定性。采用离子交换柱和凝胶柱对FCA进行分离纯化得到分子量28.188 kDa的多糖组分PFCA2,单糖组成结果表明,PFCA2主要由鼠李糖、葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖醛酸和半乳糖醛酸组成。体外抗氧化试验表明,PFCA2具有良好的DPPH自由基和羟基自由基清除活性,其IC50值分别为0.5041和3.2802 mg/mL;FCA具有良好的抗氧化能力,是天然的抗氧化剂。该研究结果为无花果工业副产物精深加工提供理论依据。

THIDIAZURON的细胞分裂素活性研究——Ⅰ.对番木瓜(Carica pentagona)愈伤组织诱导及芽生长的作用

以番木瓜(C.Pentagona)为材料,研究了thidiazuton(TDZ)的细胞分裂素活性。用Litz改良的MS为基本培养基,附加TDZ浓度为:0、0.002、0.02、0.2、2.0mg/l,与NAA0.2mg/l结合使用(NT)或否(T),并以附加0.2mg/l NAA和2.0mg/l普通细胞分裂素如2ip,玉米素、BAP等之一(NP等)的培养基为对照,培养番木瓜试管繁殖幼苗的茎外植体。结果表明,节和节间外植体在NT和T上的愈伤组织诱导及节上休眠腋芽生长的反应明显不同。与普通细胞分裂素相比较,TDZ的活性较2iP等高出百倍乃至千倍以上,而且与普通细胞分裂素相同,TDZ可以与外源或内源的生长素发生协同作用。对以上结果进行了讨论。

Content determination of benzyl glucosinolate and anti—cancer activity of its hydrolysis product in Carica papaya L.

Objective:To determine the content of benzyl glueosinolate（BG） in the pulp and the seed and investigate the anti-cuncer activity of its hydrolysis product in Curica papaya L.Methods: Determination of BG was performed on an Hypersil BDS C18 column at the wavelength of 214 nm with 0.1%trifluoroacelic acid（TFA） aqueous solution（A） and 0.1%TFA acelonilrile（B） as the mobile phase.In vitro activity test was adopted with cidtured human lung cancer H69 cell in vitro to investigate the inhibition rate of cell proliferation of benzyl isothiocyanale（BITC） againsl H69 cell.Results:The pulp has more BG before the maturation of papaya and it nearly disappeared after papaya matured,while the seed contains BG at every stage.Activity test demonstrated that the a higher concentration of BITC would have betler inhibition rate of cell proliferation on 1169 cell,and the IC50 was 6.5μmol/L.Conclusions:BG also can be produced in the pulp of papaya and it will be stored in the seed after the fruit has been matured.The hydrolysis product of BG has certain cancer-prevention anti-cancer activities for human.

Human sperm immobilization effect of Carica papaya seed extracts: an in vitro study

Aim: To examine if the seed extracts of Carica papaya, which showed anfispermatogenic/sperm immobilizationproperties in animal models, could cause human sperm immobilization in vitro. Methods: Chloroform extract, ben-zene chromatographic fraction of the chloroform extract, its methanol and ethyl acetate sub-fractions and the isolatedcompounds from the sub-fractions i. e., ECP 1 & 2 and MCP 1 & 2, of the seeds of Carica papaya were used at con-centrations of 0.1%, 0.5%, 1% and 2%. Sperm motility was assessed immediately after addition of extracts and ev-ery 5 minutes thereafter for 30 minutes. Results: There were dose-dependent spermicidal effects showing an instantfall in the sperm motility to less than 20% at 2% concentration. Isolated compounds ECP 1 & 2 were more effective in-ducing a motility of less than 10%. Many of the spermatozoa became vibratory on the spot. Total inhibition of motilitywas observed within 20-25 rain at all concentrations of all products. Scanning and transmission electron microscopyrevealed deleterious changes in the plasma membrane of the head and mid-piece of spermatozoa. Sperm viability testand the number of abnormal spermatozoa after completion of incubation suggested that the spermatozoa were infertile.The effects were spermicidal but not spermiostatic as revealed by the sperm revival test. Conclusion: The results re-veal spermicidal activity in vitro of the seed extracts of Carica papaya.

Dengue fever treatment with Carica papaya leaves extracts

The main objective of the current study is to investigate the potential of Carica papaya leaves extracts against Dengue fever in 45 year old patient bitten by carrier mosquitoes.For the treatment of Dengue fever the extract was prepared in water.25 mL of aqueous extract of C.papaya leaves was administered to patient infected with Dengue fever twice daily i.e.morning and evening for five consecutive days.Before the extract administration the blood samples from patient were analyzed.Platelets count(PLT),White Blood Cells(WBC) and Neutrophils(NEUT) decreased from 176×10~3/μ L,8.10×10~3/μ L,84.0%to 55×10~3/μ L,3.7×10~3/μL and 46.0%.Subsequently,the blood samples were rechecked after the administration of leaves extract.It was observed that the PLT count increased from 55×10~3/μ L to 168×10~3/μ L,WBC from 3.7×10~3/μ L to 7.7×10~3/μ L and NEUT from 46.0%to 78.3%.From the patient feelings and blood reports it showed that Carica papaya leaves aqueous extract exhibited potential activity against Dengue fever.Furthermore,the different parts of this valuable specie can be further used as a strong natural candidate against viral diseases.

A comparative study of the ovicidal and larvicidal activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of pawpaw seeds Carica papaya(Caricaceae) on Heligmosomoides bakeri

Objective:To assess the ovicidal and larvicidal activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of pawpaw seeds Carica papaya（Caricaceae） on the eggs and first stage larvae（L1） of Heligmosomoides bakeri.Methods:Eggs of this parasite were obtained from experimentally infested mice（Mus musculus） and larvae were from eggs after incubation at 25℃for about 72 hours.The eggs and larvae were exposed to ten different concentrations（0.125,0.25,0.375,0.5, 0.75,1.0,1.25,1.75,2.25 and 2.75 mg/mL） of both aqueous and ethanolic extracts respectively for 72 hours.Distilled water and 0.05%ethanol used as placebo and negative control,respectively. Results:Placebo and negative control group all showed average 92%embryonnation,98%egg hatching and 2%larval mortality,and did not affect development and larval survival.The extracts inhibited embryonic development,egg hatching and larval survival.In general,the ovicidal and larvicidal activities increased with increasing concentration of different extracts.The aqueous extract was found to be more potent on eggs than on larvae.At 2.75 mg/mL,only 8%of eggs embryonnated and 50%hatched to L1 vs 57%embryonic development and 79%hatching occurred in the ethanolic extract.However,this later extract was more efficient in preventing larval development producing 96%mortality as against 68%with the aqueous extract.Conclusions: These results shows the ovicidal and larvicidal properties of aqueous and ethanolic pawpaw seeds extracts.

Reduction of hydrogen peroxide-induced erythrocyte damage by Carica papaya leaf extract

Objective:To investigate thein vitroantioxidant potential of Carica papaya(C. papaya) leaf extract and its effect on hydrogen peroxide-induced erythrocyte damage assessed by haemolysis and lipid peroxidation.Methods:Hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, hydrogen ion scavenging activity, metal chelating activity, and the ferrous ion reducing ability were assessed as antioxidant indices. In the other experiment, human erythrocytes were treated with hydrogen peroxide to induce erythrocyte damage. The extract(at various concentrations) was subsequently incubated with the erythrocytes and later analysed for haemolysis and lipid peroxidation as indices for erythrocyte damage.Results:Preliminary investigation of the extract showed that the leaf possessed significant antioxidant and free radical scavenging abilities usingin vitro models in a concentration dependent manner(P<0.05). The extract also reduced hydrogen peroxide induced erythrocyte haemolysis and lipid peroxidation significantly when compared with ascorbic acid(P<0.05). The IC50values were 7.33 mg/mL and 1.58 mg/mL for inhibition of haemolysis and lipid peroxidation, respectively. In all cases, ascorbic acid(the reference antioxidant) possessed higher activity than the extract.Conclusions:The findings show that C. papayaleaves possess significant bioactive potential which is attributed to the phytochemicals which act in synergy.Thus, the leaves can be exploited for pharmaceutical and nutritional purposes.

Antiinflammatory activity of the methanolic extract of the seeds of Carica papaya in experimental animals

Objective:To scientifically verify the claims of our traditional healers on the anti-inflammatory activity of Carica papaya(C.papaya) and possibly deduce its activities.Methods:0.1 mL of fresh egg albumin was injected into the right hind-paw of adult white Wistar rats to induce inflammation an hour post intraperitoneal(IP) administration of 50-200 mg/kg doses of the extract to 3 groups of 5 rats per group.The 4th group of 5 rats was used as negative control and received 2 mL/kg(IP) of physiological saline,while the 5th group of 5 rats was used as positive-comparative control and received(IP) 150 mg/kg of aspirin.Increases in diameter of the paw were measured with the aid of Veneer Calipers before extract administration and at interval of 30 minutes post administration for further 2 hours.Percentage inhibition of oedema was calculated for each dose group and results were subjected to statistical analysis using student /-test and analysis of variance(ANOVA).Results:All doses of extract showed a dose and time dependent inhibition effects of oedema(P【0.05).Conclusions:This work is at present though limited to animals,the anti-inflammatory activity of the seeds of C.papaya is perhaps proven.

Sperm motility inhibitory effect of the benzene chromatographic fraction of the chloroform extract of the seeds of Carica papaya in langur monkey, Presbytis entellus entellus

Aim： To assess the contraceptive efficacy of the benzene chromatographic fraction of the chloroform extract of the seeds of Carica papaya in langur monkeys. Methods： The test substance was given p.o. to five monkeys at 50 mg/kg body weight/day for 360 days. Control animals （n = 3） received olive oil as vehicle. Sperm parameters as per World Health Organization standards, sperm functional tests, morphology of testis and epididymis, haematology, clinical biochemistry, serum testosterone and libido were evaluated. Following completion of 360 days treatment the animals were withdrawn from the treatment and the recovery pattern was assessed by semen analysis and sperm functional tests. Results： Total inhibition of sperm motility was observed following 60 days of treatment that continued until 360 days study period. Sperm count, percent viability and percent normal spermatozoa showed a drastic decline following 30 days of treatment. Sperm morphology showed predominant mid piece abnormalities. Sperm functional tests scored in sterile range. Histology and ultrastructure of testis revealed vacuolization in the Sertoli cells and germ cells. Loss of cytoplasmic organelles was evident in spermatocytes and round spermatids. Histology and ultrastructure of epididymis of treated animals were comparable to those of control animals. Hematological and serum clinical parameters and testosterone levels fluctuated within the control range throughout the study period. Recovery was evident following 60--120 days of treatment withdrawal. Conclusion- The results suggest that the benzene chro- matographic fraction of the chloroform extract of the seeds of Carica papaya shows contraceptive efficacy without adverse toxicity, mediated through inhibition of sperm motility. （Asian JAndro12008 Mar; 10： 298-306）