Comparative structural and electrochemical properties of mixed P2/O′3-layered sodium nickel manganese oxide prepared by sol-gel and electrospinning methods:Effect of Na-excess content

The effect of Na-excess content in the precursor on the structural and electrochemical performances of sodium nickel manganese oxide(NNMO)prepared by sol-gel and electrospinning methods is investigated in this paper.X-ray diffraction results of the prepared NNMO without adding Na-excess content indicate sodium loss,while the mixed phase of P2/O′3-type layered NNMO presented after adding Na-excess content.Compared with the sol-gel method,the secondary phase of NiO is more suppressed by using the electrospinning method,which is further confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscope images.N_(2) adsorption-desorption isotherms show no remarkably difference in specific surface areas between different preparation methods and Na-excess contents.The analysis of X-ray absorption near edge structure indicates that the oxidation states of Ni and Mn are+2 and+4,respectively.For the electrochemical properties,superior electrochemical performance is observed in the NNMO electrode with a low Na-excess content of 5wt%.The highest specific capacitance is 36.07 F·g^(-1)at0.1 A·g^(-1)in the NNMO electrode prepared by using the sol-gel method.By contrast,the NNMO electrode prepared using the electrospinning method with decreased Na-excess content shows excellent cycling stability of 100%after charge-discharge measurements for 300 cycles.Therefore,controlling the Na excess in the precursor together with the preparation method is important for improving the electrochemical performance of Na-based electrode materials in supercapacitors.

Ce_xTi_(1-x)O_2 Mixed Oxides Supported CuO Catalyst for NO Reduction by CO

Ce x Ti 1- x O 2 mixed oxides of different mole ratios ( x =0, 0.1, 0.2～0.9, 1.0) were prepared by co precipitation of TiCl 4 with Ce(NO 3) 3 and then loaded with different amounts of CuO. The effects of CuO on NO+CO reaction were investigated, and the structure and reductive properties of various CuO/Ce x Ti 1- x O 2 were characterized by the methodologies of BET, TPR and XRD. The results show that different Ce/Ti mole ratios and calcination temperatures induce changes of structure and reductive properties of the Ce x Ti 1- x O 2 mixed oxides. When x =0.1～0.5, amorphous CeTi 2O 6 phase mainly forms at 650 ℃ compared to the formation of CeTi 2O 6 which crystallizes at 800 ℃. When x >0.6, some TiO 2 enters the CeO 2 lattice and a CeO 2 TiO 2 solid solution is formed. The activity of 6%CuO/Ce x Ti 1- x O 2 calcined at 650 ℃ is largely affected by the x values, which is the highest when x =0.3, 0.4 and 0.9. The NO conversion reaches 70% at a reaction temperature of 150 ℃. By comparison, the x values have little effect on the activity of 6%CuO/Ce x Ti 1- x O 2 calcined at 800 ℃ . There are strong interactions between CuO and CeTi 2O 6, i.e., formation of the CeTi 2O 6 phase shifts the CuO reduction peak temperature from 380 to 200 ℃, and CuO, in turn, shifts the CeTi 2O 6 reduction peak temperature from 600 to 300 ℃.

Preparation of Mesoporous Ce_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_2 Mixed Oxide by Hydrothermal Templating Method

Mesoporous Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 mixed oxide with high specific surface area was synthesized under basic condition in the presence of non-ionic surfactant PEG-4000. The effect of synthesis conditions, such as synthesis temperature and the molar ratio of PEG-4000/（[ Ce] ＋ [ Zr] ）, on specific surface area were investigated. The products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements, respectively. The results showed that synthesis temperature and the molar ratio of PEG-4000/（[ Ce] ＋ [ Zr] ） had great influence on specific surface area. Under the optimum synthesis conditions, the prepared Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 mixed oxide presented cubic fluorite-type structure and possessed high surface area of 148.6 m2·g^-1 with wormlike pores.

Effect of Calcination Temperature on Structure and O_2 Desorption Properties of Ce_xPr_(1-x)O_(2-δ) Mixed Oxides

A series of CexPr1-xO2-δ (x=0, 0.5, 0.9, 1.0) mixed oxide calcined at different temperatures were synthesized by sol-gel method and characterized by Raman, XRD and O2-TPD techniques. When x=0.9, only a cubic phase CeO2 is observed. When x=0.5, the compound was combined by Pr6O11 and CeO2 mixed oxides. For CexPr1-xO2-δ (x=0.5, 0.9)samples 465 cm-1 Raman peak is attributed to the Raman active F2g mode of CeO2. The broad peak at about 570 cm-1 can be linked to lattice defects resulting in oxygen vacancies. The crystallite size of the samples increased as increasing the calcined temperature. But the increased value of Ce0.9Pr0.1O2-δ and Ce0.5Pr0.5O2-δ is smaller than single CeO2 and Pr6O11 obviously. It reveals that the insertion of Pr atom into the ceria lattice could enhance the sintering resistance and thermal stability of the mixed oxides. Calcination temperatures had great effect on the peak intensity for CeO2 but less effect on Ce0.8Pr0.2O2-δ in Raman spectra, and it may be caused by the colors transformation of the mixed oxides. The result of O2-TPD experiment indicates that the formation of solid solution has elevation the stabilization and thermal stability of the mixed oxides.

MOLECULAR BEAM STUDIES ON OXIDATION OF CO ON Pd WITH DIFFERENT MIXED RATIOS OF P_(CO) TO P_(O2) ~*

Here some steady-state experiments on oxidation of CO on Pd were performed on a molecular beam apparatus. It is found that the characteristics of the rate of CO_2 formation r versus substrate temperature T are dependent on the ratio P=P_(CO)/P_(O2) in the mixed beam. These characteristics are related to the complicated interactions of co-adsorbed CO and O particles on Pd surface.

Elimination of 1,2-dichloroethane over(Ce,Cr)_x O_2/Nb_2O_5 catalysts: synergistic performance between oxidizing ability and acidity

A series of(Ce,Cr)xO2/Nb2O5 catalysts with different(Ce,Cr)xO2 to Nb2O5 mass ratios were synthesized by the deposition-precipitation method for use in deep catalytic oxidation of 1,2-dichloroethane(DCE), which is one of the typical chlorinated volatile organic compound pollutants. The textural properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, UV-Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The surface acidity and the redox properties were characterized by ammonia temperature-programmed desorption and H2 temperature-programmed reduction, respectively. The results show that the addition of a proper amount of(Ce,Cr)xO2 over Nb2O5 significantly improves the intrinsic catalytic activity towards the deep oxidation of DCE, and only a very small amount of C2H3Cl is detected as the byproduct of the oxidation process. Further study reveals the existence of an obvious synergistic effect between Nb2O5, with abundant strong acid sites, and(Ce,Cr)xO2, with strong oxidation sites, as the strong acid sites of Nb2O5 promote the adsorption and dehydrochlorination of DCE, while the strong oxidation sites of(Ce,Cr)xO2 contribute to the deep oxidation of the reactant, intermediates, and byproducts.

Influences of (Ce-Zr-La-Pr)O Contents on Three-Way Catalyst Performances

A series of catalysts with (Ce-Zr-La-Pr)O contents range from 0 to 50% in coating and single-palladium loads on substrates were prepared to study effects of (Ce-Zr-La-Pr)O contents on catalytic activities and durability by contrasting the characteristics of light-off, A/F and catalytic conversions of the fresh catalysts with that of the aged catalysts. The results show that (Ce-Zr-La-Pr)O can enhance the catalysts light-off characteristics, widen A/F windows and increase catalytic conversions at a certain extent through optimizing physical structural and chemical property of the mixed coating. However, (Ce-Zr-La-Pr)O contents influence greatly on the catalysts activities and durability, and the catalysts with contents ranging from 10% to 30% exhibited better integrative properties in all samples, and 10% was the optical content to make the catalyst performance highest in this thesis. It is indicated that an suitable content of (Ce-Zr-La-Pr)O plays an important role in assisting catalysis, enhancing durability and increasing oxygen storage capability.

Effect of Al Addition on Properties of Al_2O_3-SiC-C Dry Ramming Mixes for BF Trough

Aluminium powders were introduced to Al2O3-SiC-C dry ramming mixes in order to improve sintering properties and oxidation resistance according to their service conditions and installation methods. Properties such as bulk density, porosity, modulus of rupture, crushing strength and hot modulus of rupture as a function of aluminium addition were investigated in the present work. The microstructure and thermodynamics for the heat treated specimens were also analyzed. The results show that as aluminium addition increasing, the bulk density of the specimen treated at 220℃ tends to decrease and the apparent porosity increases, the strength of the specimens treated at 1100℃ and 1450℃ increases markedly, the bulk density tends to increase, apparent porosity and linear shrinkage decrease. The HMOR at 1400℃ is enhanced from 1.0 MPa to 3.5 MPa with 3% aluminium. Aluminium is served as sintering agent and anti-oxidant and it will react with CO and CO2 forming Al2O3 , which is helpful to enhance the strength, densify the structure and improve the overall properties.

Structure and catalytic property of CeO_2-ZrO_2-Fe_2O_3 mixed oxide catalysts for diesel soot combustion: Effect of preparation method

A series of Ceo.sFeo.30Zr0.20O2 catalysts were prepared by different methods （co-precipitations method, citric acid sol-gel method, impregnation method, physical mixed method, and hydrotherrnal method） and characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET） and H2-TPR measurements. Potential of the catalysts in the soot oxidation was evaluated in a temperature-programmed oxidation （TPO） apparatus. The results showed that all the Fe3＋ and Zr4＋ were incor- porated into ceria lattice to form a pure Ce-Fe-Zr-O solid solution for the co-precipitation sample, but two kinds of Fe phases ex- isted in the Ce-Fe-Zr-O catalysts prepared by other methods： Fe3＋ incorporated into CeO2 lattice and dispersed Fe2O3 clusters. The free Fe2O3 clusters could improve the activity of catalysts for soot oxidation comparing with the pure Ce-Fe-Zr-O solid solution owing to the synergetic effect between free Fe2O3 and surface oxygen vacancies. In addition, the activity of catalysts strongly relied on the surface reducibility of free Fe2O3 particles. Holding both abundant free Fe2O3 particles and high oxygen vacancy concentration, the hydrothermal Ce0.5Fe0.3Zr0.202 catalyst presented the lowest Ti （251℃, ignition temperature of soot oxidation） and Tm （310 ℃, maximum oxidation rate temperature） for soot combustion （with tight-contact between soot and catalysts） among the five samples. Even after aging at 800 ℃ for 10 h, the Ti and Tm were still relatively low, at 273 and 361 ℃, respectively, indicating high catalytic stability.

Ce-Fe-O mixed oxide as oxygen carrier for the direct partial oxidation of methane to syngas

The Ce-Fe-O mixed oxide with a ratio of Ce/Fe=7:3, which was prepared by coprecipitation method and employed as oxygen carrier, for direct partial oxidation of methane to syngas in the absence of gaseous oxygen was explored. The mixed oxide was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the catalytic performances were studied in a fixed-bed quartz reactor and a thermogravimetric reactor, respectively. Approximately 99.4% H2 se...

N_2O在钾改性Cu-Co尖晶石型复合氧化物上的催化分解(英文)

制备了几个不同组成的Cu-Co尖晶石型复合氧化物,用于N2O分解反应,在活性较高的Cu0.8Co0.2Co2O4表面浸渍碱金属盐溶液,制备改性催化剂,考察了碱金属助剂类型、钾前驱物和钾负载量等对改性催化剂活性的影响。用BET、XRD、SEM、XPS等方法表征了催化剂结构。结果表明,几种碱金属碳酸盐改性Cu0.8Co0.2Co2O4的催化活性发生了显著变化,其中,K改性催化剂的活性有明显提高,而Cs的表面改性反而降低了催化剂活性;钾前驱物对K/Cu-Co的催化活性也有较大影响,其中,加入碳酸钾明显提高了催化剂的活性,而加入硝酸钾和醋酸钾反而降低了催化剂活性;有氧无水、有氧有水气氛中,400!C下N2O在碳酸钾改性催化剂0.05K/Cu0.8Co0.2Co2O4上的转化率分别达到了100%和87.6%;该催化剂在400!C下的恒温反应活性和稳定性均高于未改性催化剂。

Cu-Zr-Ce-O复合氧化物催化剂上CO选择性氧化性能

将共沉淀法制备的CuZrCeO复合氧化物催化剂应用于富氢气体中CO的选择性氧化反应,研究了ZrO2掺杂量及预处理方法对催化剂性能的影响,并通过H2TPR、COTPR等手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,掺杂ZrO2的Cu1Zr1Ce9Oδ催化剂在160～200℃之间具有99%以上的CO转化率和相对较高的选择性.掺杂适量的ZrO2能够提高催化剂的热稳定性和储氧能力,促进催化剂表面吸附氧向晶格氧的转化.经氧气预处理的Cu1Zr1Ce9Oδ催化剂活性最高.催化剂上Cu+/Cu2+氧化还原离子对和表面的晶格氧含量均影响催化剂的活性,但在富氢气氛下,表面的晶格氧对催化剂的性能影响较大.

CuO在Ce_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_2上的分散状态及其CO氧化性能的研究

以硝酸铈和硝酸锆为原料 ,采用共沉淀法制备了不同摩尔比 (0 ,0 .1,0 .2～ 0 .9,1.0 )的Cem Zr1-m O2 样品 .并以 Ce0 .5Zr0 .5O2 为载体 ,采用浸渍法负载不同含量的 Cu O,在色谱流动法上考察其对CO的氧化活性 .并用 XRD,TPR和 BET等技术对 Cu O/ Ce0 .5Zr0 .5O2 各样品进行了表征 .结果表明 ,当Cu O负载量为 5 .0 %时 ,其 CO的氧化活性最高 .XRD测定表明其氧化活性的高低与铜物种在 Ce0 .5Zr0 .5O2 上的分散状态有关 .TPR结果亦显示活性的高低与 Ce0 .5Zr0 .5O2 上分散较好的铜物种的 α还原峰及分散较差的γ还原峰的峰温及形状有关 .

CuO/Ce_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_2的结构特征及催化性能表征

以硝酸铈和硝酸锆为原料 ,采用共沉淀法制备了不同摩尔比 (X =0 ,0 1,0～ 1 0 )的CexZr1 xO2 样品。并以Ce0 5Zr0 5O2 为载体 ,采用浸渍法负载不同含量的CuO ,用色谱流动法考察其对CO的氧化活性。并用XRD ,TPR和BET等技术对CuO/Ce0 5Zr0 5O2 各样品进行了表征 ,结果表明 ,当CuO负载量为 10 0 %时 ,催化剂CO的氧化活性最高 ;XRD测定表明催化剂氧化活性的高低与铜物种在Ce0 5Zr0 5O2 上的分散状态有关 ;TPR结果亦显示活性的高低与Ce0 5Zr0 5O2

Novel mixed-voltage I/O buffer with thin-oxide CMOS transistors

This paper presents a novel mixed-voltage I/O buffer without an extra dual-oxide CMOS process.This mixed-voltage I/O buffer with a simplified circuit scheme can overcome the problems of leakage current and gateoxide reliability that the conventional CMOS I/O buffer has.The design is realized in a 0.13-μm CMOS process and the simulation results show a good performance increased by ～34% with respect to the product of power consumption and speed.

Ni-Ti-O混合氧化物的制备、表征及其富氧选择性催化还原NO

采用均匀共沉淀法制备了不同Ni/Ti摩尔比的Ni-Ti-O混合氧化物,考察了它们在富氧条件下丙烯选择性催化还原NO反应中的催化性能,并运用X射线衍射,N2吸附-脱附、吡啶吸附、程序升温脱附和原位红外光谱对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,Ni/Ti摩尔比为1的催化剂表现出最佳催化活性,430°C时NOx转化率达68%.该催化剂具有锐钛矿结构,比表面积较高(149m2/g),有利于提高催化活性;其表面Lewis酸性位有利于硝酸盐物种的吸附,而硝酸盐物种是该反应的重要中间体.

N_2O在Mg-Fe复合氧化物上的催化分解(英文)

用共沉淀法制备了一组Mg-Fe复合氧化物催化剂,用于N2O催化分解,考察了催化剂组成、焙烧温度、负载助剂钾等参数对其催化活性的影响。采用N2物理吸附、X射线衍射、H2-程序升温还原等技术对催化剂进行了结构表征。结果表明,500℃焙烧的Mg0.6Fe0.4Fe2O4催化剂对于N2O分解反应有较高活性,而K改性的催化剂活性均有所降低,且K的负载量越高,改性催化剂的活性越低,这是由于负载的K粒子抑制了表面铁物种的还原,降低了催化剂的比表面积。在有氧无水、水氧共存条件下连续反应10h,Mg0.6Fe0.4Fe2O4的催化活性和稳定性均显著高于FeOx催化剂。

层状复合氧化物La_4BaCu_(5-x)M_xO_(13)(M=Mn,Co)的物化性质和结构中活性氧的研究

合成了一系列结构为层状ＡＢＯ３的复合氧化物Ｌａ４ＢａＣｕ５－ｘＭｘＯ１３（Ｍ＝Ｍｎ，Ｃｏ），并利用ＸＲＤ、Ｘ射线能谱、氧程序升温脱附和化学分析方法对它们的结构和活性氧种进行了研究。ＸＲＤ分析结果表明：它们的结构为五层的ＡＢＯ３结构。活性氧种的研究表明Ｌａ４ＢａＣｕ５Ｏ１３中掺杂Ｍｎ或Ｃｏ之后，样品中明显存在的ＭＣｕ（Ｍ＝Ｍｎ，Ｃｏ）之间的协同作用，并且ＣｕＭｎ之间协同作用明显比ＣｕＣｏ的强。

钴掺杂Sr_4Fe_6O_(13)混合导体氧化物结构及透氧测定

用湿化学法合成了Ｓｒ４ＣｏｘＦｅ６－ｘＯ１３±δ系列混合导体氧化物，对其相结构与透氧性能进行了研究．钴离子的引入导致材料中钙钛矿型杂相的出现，Ｘ＝２．０时材料中还产生了ＣｏＯ杂相，ｘ＝２．６时材料呈现钙钛矿型结构．Ｓｒ４Ｆｅ４Ｃｏ２Ｏ１３±δ的相结构还与焙烧温度及环境气氛中的氧浓度密切相关．随着氧浓度的降低，材料从纯相Ｓｒ４Ｆｅ６Ｏ１３结构（纯氧气气氛下）转变为Ｓｒ４Ｆｅ６Ｏ１３结构、钙钛矿型结构和ＣｏＯ共存（空气气氛下），直至转变为针镍矿结构、 Ｓｒ４Ｆｅ６Ｏ１３结构和 ＣｏＯ共存． Ｓｒ４Ｆｅ６Ｃｏ１３±δ导体膜在ａｉｒ／Ｈｅ氧浓差梯度下的透氧量为 １．５×１０８ｍｏｌ／ｃｍ２·ｓ（８５０℃），在６５０～８５０℃范围内透氧活化能为７０ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ．

水热改性制备固体酸S_2O_8^(2-)/Fe_2O_3-SiO_2及其催化性能的初步探讨

采用共沉淀法制备Fe2O3-SiO2 混合氧化物前驱体 ,并对其进行水热改性处理 ,经浸渍(NH4)2S2O8 溶液后再焙烧得S2O82 -/Fe2O3-SiO2 固体酸催化剂。研究了制备条件对催化活性的影响 ,用乙酸/丁醇酯化反应评估该固体酸的催化性能。实验结果显示 ,最佳工艺条件为,n(Fe):n(Si)=1:4 ,150℃水压热处理1h ,在0.5mol·L-1 的(NH4)2S2O8 溶液中浸渍6h ,500℃焙烧3h ,在此条件下乙酸的转化率可达94.11 %。