Effect of Fe Addition on Dehydrogenation Performance of Methylcyclohexance over Pt/Al_(2)O_(3)

Catalysts with varying Fe contents were prepared using a sequential impregnation method to investigate the effects of Fe addition on the physicochemical properties of Pt/Al_(2)O_(3) and their performance in methylcyclohexane(MCH)dehydrogenation.The results demonstrated that the addition of Fe to Pt/Al_(2)O_(3) enhanced the electron density of Pt and improved catalytic activity,while exhibiting negligible influence on the catalytic selectivity for toluene.When the Fe content was 0.057%,the catalyst exhibited the highest MCH consumption rate,which was approximately two times higher than that of the catalyst without Fe.Additionally,the incorporation of Fe inhibited the formation of coke and reduced the quantity of coke deposits on the catalyst,thereby improving its catalytic durability.Overall,Fe shows promise as a prospective secondary element for Pt/Al_(2)O_(3) to enhance the MCH dehydrogenation performance.

Synthesizing active and durable cubic ceria catalysts(<6 nm)for fast dehydrogenation of bio-polyols to carboxylic acids coproducing green H_(2)

Dehydrogenation is considered as one of the most important industrial applications for renewable energy.Cubic ceria-based catalysts are known to display promising dehydrogenation performances in this area.Large particle size(>20 nm)and less surface defects,however,hinder further application of ceria materials.Herein,an alternative strategy involving lactic acid(LA)assisted hydrothermal method was developed to synthesize active,selective and durable cubic ceria of<6 nm for dehydrogenation reactions.Detailed studies of growth mechanism revealed that,the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in LA molecule synergistically manipulate the morphological evolution of ceria precursors.Carboxyl groups determine the cubic shape and particle size,while hydroxyl groups promote compositional transformation of ceria precursors into CeO_(2) phases.Moreover,enhanced oxygen vacancies(Vo)on the surface of CeO_(2) were obtained owing to continuous removal of O species under reductive atmosphere.Cubic CeO_(2) catalysts synthesized by the LA-assisted method,immobilized with bimetallic PtCo clusters,exhibit a record high activity(TOF:29,241 h^(-1))and Vo-dependent synergism for dehydrogenation of bio-derived polyols at 200℃.We also found that quenching Vo defects at air atmosphere causes activity loss of PtCo/CeO_(2) catalysts.To regenerate Vo defects,a simple strategy was developed by irradiating deactivated catalysts using hernia lamp.The outcome of this work will provide new insights into manufacturing durable catalyst materials for aqueous phase dehydrogenation applications.

Thermal stable Pt clusters anchored by K/TiO_(2)—Al_(2)O_(3)for efficient cycloalkane dehydrogenation

Catalytic dehydrogenation of cycloalkanes is considered a valuable endothermic process for alleviating the thermal barrier issue of hypersonic vehicles.However,conventional Pt-based catalysts often face the severe problem of metal sintering under high-temperature conditions.Herein,we develop an efficient K_(2)CO_(3)-modified Pt/TiO_(2)—Al_(2)O_(3)(K—Pt/TA)for cycloalkane dehydrogenation.The optimized K—Pt/TA showed a high specific activity above 27.9 mol·mol^(-1)·s^(-1)(H_(2)/Pt),with toluene selectivity above 90.0%at 600℃with a high weight hourly space velocity of 266.4 h^(-1).The introduction of alkali metal ions could generate titanate layers after high-temperature hydrogen reduction treatment,which promotes the generation of oxygen vacancy defects to anchored Pt clusters.In addition,the titanate layers could weaken the surface acidity of catalysts and inhibit side reactions,including pyrolysis,polymerization,and isomerization reactions.Thus,this work provides a modification method to develop efficient and stable dehydrogenation catalysts under high-temperature conditions.

NiO-Doped Fe_(2)O_(3)/MgO Properties for the Chemical Looping Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane

Ethane chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation(CL-ODH)to ethylene is a new technology for ethylene preparation.Fe_(2)O_(3)/MgO oxygen carrier was prepared using the co-precipitation method.The influence of added NiO and its different loadings on Fe_(2)O_(3)/MgO were investigated.Then,a series of oxygen carriers were applied in the CL-ODH of the ethane cycle system.Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET),X-ray diffractometry(XRD),X-ray photoelection spectroscopy(XPS),and H2-temperature programmed reduction(TPR)were used to characterize the physicochemical properties of these oxygen carriers.It was confirmed that an interaction between NiO and Fe_(2)O_(3) occurred based on the XPS and H2-TPR results.Based on the CL-ODH activity performance tests conducted in a fixed-bed reactor,it was revealed that ethylene selectivity was significantly improved after NiO addition.Fe_(2)O_(3)-10%NiO/MgO showed the best activity performance with 93%ethane conversion and 50%ethylene selectivity at a reaction temperature of 650℃,atmospheric pressure,and space velocity of 7500 mL/(g·h).

Ca_(2)MnO_(4)-layered perovskite modified by NaNO_(3)for chemical-looping oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene

Chemical-looping oxidative dehydrogenation(CL-ODH)is a process designed for the conversion of alkanes into olefins through cyclic redox reactions,eliminating the need for gaseous O_(2).In this work,we investigated the use of Ca_(2)MnO_(4)-layered perovskites modified with NaNO_(3) dopants,serving as redox catalysts(also known as oxygen carriers),for the CL-ODH of ethane within a temperature range of 700-780℃.Our findings revealed that the incorporation of NaNO_(3) as a modifier significantly-nhanced the selectivity for-thylene generation from Ca_(2)MnO_(4).At 750℃and a gas hourly space velocity of 1300 h^(-1),we achieved an-thane conversion up to 68.17%,accompanied by a corresponding-thylene yield of 57.39%.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis unveiled that the doping NaNO_(3) onto Ca_(2)MnO_(4) not only played a role in reducing the oxidation state of Mn ions but also increased the lattice oxygen content of the redox catalyst.Furthermore,formation of NaNO_(3) shell on the surface of Ca_(2)MnO_(4) led to a reduction in the concentration of manganese sites and modulated the oxygen-releasing behavior in a step-wise manner.This modulation contributed significantly to the enhanced selectivity for ethylene of the NaNO_(3)-doped Ca_(2)MnO_(4) catalyst.These findings provide compelling evidence for the potential of Ca_(2)MnO_(4)-layered perovskites as promising redox catalysts in the context of CL-ODH reactions.

Influence of carbonization temperature on cobalt-based nitrogendoped carbon nanopolyhedra derived from ZIF-67 for nonoxidative propane dehydrogenation

Propylene is a significant basic material for petrochemicals such as polypropylene,propylene oxide,etc.With abundant propane supply from shale gas,propane dehydrogenation(PDH)becomes extensively attractive as an on-purpose propylene production route in recent years.Nitrogen-doped carbon(NC)nanopolyhedra supported cobalt catalysts were synthesized in one-step of ZIF-67 pyrolysis and investigated further in PDH.XPS,TEM and N_(2) adsorption-desorption were used to study the influence of carbonization temperature on as-prepared NC supported cobalt catalysts.The temperature is found to affect the cobalt phase and nitrogen species of the catalysts.And the positive correlation was established between Co0 proportion and space time yield of propylene,indicating that the modulation of carbonization temperature could be important for catalytic performance.

Anomalous metastable hcp Ni nanocatalyst induced by non-metal N doping enables promoted ammonia borane dehydrogenation

Developing high-performing non-noble transition metal catalysts for H_(2) evolution from chemical hydrogen storage materials is of great significance for the hydrogen economy system, yet challenging. Herein,we present for the first time that anomalous metastable hexagonal close-packed Ni nanoparticles induced by heteroatom N doping encapsulated in carbon(N-hcp-Ni/C) can exhibit admirable catalytic performance for ammonia borane(AB) dehydrogenation, prominently outperforming conventional fcc Ni counterpart with similar morphology and favorably presenting the state-of-the-art level.Comprehensive experimental and theoretical studies unravel that unusual hcp phase engineering of Ni together with N doping could induce charge redistribution and modulate electronic structure, thereby facilitating H_(2)O adsorption and expediting H_(2)O dissociation(rate-determining step). As a result, AB dehydrogenation can be substantially boosted with the assistance of N-hcp-Ni/C. Our proposed strategy highlights that unconventional crystal phase engineering coupled with non-metal heteroatom doping is a promising avenue to construct advanced transition metal catalysts for future renewable energy technologies.

Effect of boron species on carbon surface on oxidative dehydrogenation of propane

Carbon catalysts for propane oxidative dehydrogenation(PODH)can potentially replace metal oxide catalysts due to their environmental friendliness(greenness)and excellent catalytic performance.Biomass carbon materials have the advantages of being abundant in variety,inexpensive,and easily available,but their catalytic selectivity is relatively poor in PODH.Therefore,we report here on a boron-doped sisal fiber carbon catalyst,which showed excellent selectivity of propylene in PODH,excluding the effect of surface-covered B2O3 on the catalytic performance by hot water washing.The carbon material exhibited the best catalytic performance with a load of 2%(mass)and a calcination temperature of 1100℃.At a reaction temperature of 400℃,the conversion rate of propane was 2.0%,and the selectivity toward propylene reached 88.6%.The new chemical bonds formed by boron on the surface of the carbon materials had an important effect on the catalytic performance,as determined by XPS characterization.The BAO groups affected the catalytic activity by inhibiting the generation of electrophilic oxygen species,while the BAC content improved the selectivity toward propylene by changing the electron cloud density.

A mini review on oxidative dehydrogenation of propane over boron nitride catalysts

Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane is an attractive route for the synthesis of propylene due to its favorable thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics, however, it is challenging to realize high selectivity towards propylene. Recently, it has been discovered that boron nitride (BN) is a promising catalyst that affords superior selectivity towards propylene in oxidative dehydrogenation of propane. Summarizing the progress and unravelling the reaction mechanism of BN in oxidative dehydrogenation of propane are of great significance for the rational design of efficient catalysts in the future. Herein, in this review, the underlying reaction mechanisms of oxidative dehydrogenation of propane over BN are extracted;the developed BN catalysts are classified into pristine BN, functionalized BN, supported BN and others, and the applications of each category of BN catalysts in oxidative dehydrogenation of propane are summarized;the challenges and opportunities on oxidative dehydrogenation of propane over BN are pointed out, aiming to inspire more studies and advance this research field.

Progress in Processes and Catalysts for Dehydrogenation of Cyclohexanol to Cyclohexanone

The dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone is a crucial industrial process in the production of caprolactam and adipic acid, both of which serve as important precursors in nylon textiles. This endothermic reaction is constrained by thermodynamic equilibrium and involves a complex reaction network, leading to a heightened focus on catalysts and process design. Copper-based catalysts have been extensively studied and exhibit exceptional low-temperature catalytic performance in cyclohexanol dehydrogenation, with some being commercially used in the industry. This paper specifically concentrates on research advancement concerning active species, reaction mechanisms, factors influencing product selectivity, and the deactivation behaviors of copper-based catalysts. Moreover, a brief introduction to the new processes that break thermodynamic equilibrium via reaction coupling and their corresponding catalysts is summarized here as well. These reviews may off er guidance and potential avenues for further investigations into catalysts and processes for cyclohexanol dehydrogenation.

Finned Zn-MFI zeolite encapsulated noble metal nanoparticle catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane with carbon dioxide

Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane with carbon dioxide(CO_(2)-ODP)characterizes the tandem dehydrogenation of propane to propylene with the reduction of the greenhouse gas of CO_(2)to valuable CO.However,the existing catalyst is limited due to the poor activity and stability,which hinders its industrialization.Herein,we design the finned Zn-MFI zeolite encapsulated noble metal nanoparticles(NPs)as bifunctional catalysts(NPs@Zn-MFI)for CO_(2)-ODP.Characterization results reveal that the Zn2+species are coordinated with the MFI zeolite matrix as isolated cations and the NPs of Pt,Rh,or Rh Pt are highly dispersed in the zeolite crystals.The isolated Zn2+cations are very effective for activating the propane and the small NPs are favorable for activating the CO_(2),which synergistically promote the selective transformation of propane and CO_(2)to propylene and CO.As a result,the optimal 0.25%Rh0.50%Pt@Zn-MFI catalyst shows the best propylene yield,satisfactory CO_(2)conversion,and long-term stability.Moreover,considering the tunable synergetic effects between the isolated cations and NPs,the developed approach offers a general guideline to design more efficient CO_(2)-ODP catalysts,which is validated by the improved performance of the bifunctional catalysts via simply substituting Sn4+cations for Zn2+cations in the MFI zeolite matrix.

Unravelling the role of boron dopant in borocarbonitirde catalytic dehydrogenation reaction

Borocarbonitride(BCN) materials are newly developed metal-free catalytic materials exhibiting high selectivity in oxidative dehydrogenation(ODH) of alkanes. However, the in-depth understandings on the role of boron(B) dopants and the intrinsic activities of –C=O and –B–OH still remain unknown.Herein, we report a series of BCN materials with regulable B content and surface oxygen functional groups via self-assembly and pyrolysis of guanine and boric acid. We found that the B/C ratio is the key parameter to determine the activity of ODH and product distribution. Among them, the high ethylbenzene conversion(~57%) and styrene selectivity(~83%) are achieved in ODH for B_(1)CN. The styrene selectivity can be improved by increasing of B/C ratio and this value reaches near 100% for B_5CN.Structural characterizations and kinetic measurements indicate that –C=O and –B–OH dual sites on BCN are real active sites of ODH reaction. The intrinsic activity of –C=O(5.556 × 10^(-4)s^(-1)) is found to be 23.7 times higher than –B–OH(0.234 × 10^(-4)s^(-1)) site. More importantly, we reveal that the deep oxidation to undesirable CO_(2) occurs on –C=O rather than –B–OH site, and B dopant in BCN materials can reduce the nucleophilicity of –C=O site to eliminate the CO_(2) emission. Overall, the present work provides a new insight on the structure–function relationship of the BCN catalytic systems.

Sub-nanometer Pt_(2)In_(3) intermetallics as ultra-stable catalyst for propane dehydrogenation

Pt-based catalysts are the typical industrial catalysts for propane dehydrogenation(PDH),which still suffer from insufficient lo ng-term durability due to the structu ral instability and coke deposition.A commercial γ-Al_(2)O_(3) supported thermally robust sub-nanometer Pt2In3intermetallic catalyst with atomically ordered structure and rigorously separated Pt single atoms was fabricated,which showed outstanding robustness in 240 h long-term operation at 600℃ with the deactivation rate constant kdas low as0.00078 h^(-1), ranking among the lowest reported values.Based on various in situ characterizations and theoretical calculations,it was proved that the catalyst stability not only resulted from the separated Pt single-atom sites but also significantly affected by the distance of adjacent Pt atoms.An increasing distance to 3.25 A in the Pt_(2)In_(3)could induce a weak π-adsorption configuration of propylene on Pt sites,which facilitated the desorption of propylene and restrained the side reactions like coking.

Plasma treated M1 MoVNbTeO_(x)-CeO_(2) composite catalyst for improved performance of oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane

High activity and productivity of MoVNbTeO_(x) catalyst are challenging tasks in oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane(ODHE)for industrial application.In this work,phase-pure M1 with 30 wt%CeO_(2) composite catalyst was treated by oxygen plasma to further enhance catalyst performance.The results show that the oxygen vacancies generated by the solid-state redox reaction between M1 and CeO_(2) capture active oxygen species in gas and transform V^(4+)to V^(5+)without damage to M1 structure.The space-time yield of ethylene of the plasma-treated catalyst was significantly increased,in which the catalyst shows an enhancement near~100% than that of phase-pure M1 at 400℃ for ODHE process.Plasma treatment for catalysts demonstrates an effective way to convert electrical energy into chemical energy in catalyst materials.Energy conversion is achieved by using the catalyst as a medium.

碳九原料中甲乙苯脱氢制备甲基苯乙烯催化剂研究

本试验制备了Fe-K-Mo甲乙苯脱氢制备甲基苯乙烯催化剂,确定了:反应温度600~620℃,水烃比(质量比)2.5~3.0,液空速0.7~1.0 h^(-1)为优选甲乙苯脱氢催化剂的考察条件。研究了催化剂焙烧温度、铁源、钾铁比、助剂Mo对催化剂性能的影响,结果表明:催化剂在焙烧温度850℃、Fe(NO_(3))_(3)铁源、钾铁比0.25、助剂Mo等条件下具备较好的转化率和选择性;通过XRD、TPR等测试表征显示,K_(2)Fe_(22)O_(34)相是甲乙苯脱氢的主要活性组分;Mo助剂的加入在改善催化剂结构及促进活性等方面具有明显的效果,同时提高了Fe-K催化剂的热稳定性、抗氧化性。

有机液体储氢载体催化脱氢技术研究进展

绿氢(可再生能源制氢)的开发及利用是推动能源绿色转型和实现“双碳”目标的重点发展方向之一.然而,大规模绿氢的安全储运技术仍需进一步完善.以环烷烃/芳烃为主的有机液体储氢载体(LOHCs)体系因其高储氢密度、安全高效、运输方便等优势成为绿氢长距离大规模输送的关键技术.相比于工艺成熟的芳烃加氢技术,富氢LOHCs(环烷烃)脱氢技术开发的难度较大,是近年来研究的热点.本文系统综述了环己烷(CH)、甲基环己烷(MCH)、十氢萘(DHN)和全氢二苄基甲苯(H18-DBT)4类典型富氢LOHCs脱氢技术的研究进展.基于目前的研究结果,阐述了单环烷烃(CH、MCH)和多环烷烃(DHN、H18-DBT)的脱氢反应路径和机理,重点从活性组分和载体两方面总结了脱氢催化剂的设计思路、构效关系和研究进展,详细分析了基于不同模型的富氢LOHCs脱氢动力学,探讨了4类典型脱氢反应装置的优缺点.总体来讲,环烷烃作为LOHCs距离工业化应用还有一段距离,继续完善环烷烃脱氢动力学和脱氢机理、提高Pt系催化剂的催化活性和稳定性、开发具有实际应用意义的非贵金属催化剂以及优化反应器结构成为未来环烷烃脱氢技术研究需要聚焦的难点.

制备方法对Pt-Sn-K-Mg/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)催化剂正十二烷脱氢性能的影响

以正十二烷脱氢反应为探针反应,采用顺序浸渍、乙醇共浸渍、盐酸共浸渍的方法制备了Pt-Sn-K-Mg/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)催化剂,并采用NH_(3)-TPD、CO脉冲吸附、H_(2)-TPR、准原位XPS等表征手段探究浸渍顺序和溶剂对催化剂构效关系的影响.结果表明,盐酸水溶液共浸渍的方法制备的催化剂表现出了最佳的初始活性和较好的稳定性.催化剂的弱酸性位点的增加有利于Pt的分散,从而提高催化性能.采用乙醇为溶剂的共浸渍方法更有利于PtSn间形成更强的相互作用生成更多的PtSn合金,这对初始活性不利,但对选择性影响较小.

有序介孔炭负载Pt-MoO_(x)催化剂的制备及其催化甲基环己烷脱氢性能

以有序介孔炭(CMK-3)作为载体,采用原子层沉积技术制备出催化剂y Pt CMK-3及MoO_(x)助剂调控催化剂y Pt-z MoO_(x)CMK-3(y、z分别为Pt和MoO_(x)的沉积循环次数),研究了沉积循环次数对Pt金属分散度和催化剂甲基环己烷脱氢性能的影响。结果表明,适中的Pt分散度和适量原子级分散的MoO_(x)助剂能显著提升Pt基催化剂的性能。与10Pt CMK-3相比,10Pt-1MoO_(x)CMK-3催化剂上的脱氢速率(单位时间内单位质量Pt产生H_(2)的物质的量)从79.02 mol(g·h)提高至97.88 mol(g·h),甲基环己烷转化率由71%提高到91%。MoO_(x)助剂加入对Pt颗粒分散度影响较小,主要提高了Pt表面电子密度,降低了催化剂的起活温度。此外,MoO_(x)助剂还通过氢溢流促进H_(2)在催化剂表面的脱附,从而提高H_(2)产率。

ABO_(3)载氧体A/B位金属对乙烷化学链氧化制乙烯性能影响实验研究

钙钛矿载氧体因其低廉的成本、A/B位掺杂金属的灵活多变、优良的氧储存释放性能而受到关注,被广泛应用于化学链式氧化反应中制备乙烯。该文采用柠檬酸络合法制备不同A/B位金属的ABO_(3)钙钛矿型载氧体,通过研究A/B位金属变化对乙烷催化反应性能的影响,得到具有最佳反应活性的载氧体。运用XPS、O_(2)-TPD等方法对催化剂的结构进行表征,为探究其本征反应特性规律,通过动力学研究发现,在形成钙钛矿载氧体的不同A/B位金属中,BaCoO_(3)具有最佳的反应性能,其中乙烷转化率最高达到60%,乙烯选择性达到75%,乙烯收率最高为46%。BaCoO_(3)经过12次循环反应后,乙烯选择性基本保持不变,乙烷转化率降低约4%。通过表征分析发现,比表面积和孔径略微减小,表明载氧体具有优良的稳定性。

丙烷脱氢工艺中脱氯剂的研制

通过筛选载体,优化活性配比,制备了丙烷脱氢工艺脱氯剂。优化了强度,得到了最佳强度和堆积密度的脱氯剂。建立了大粒度和原粒度的两种评价方法,考察了脱氯剂的脱氯效果。结合工况条件,考察了水含量,原料气的空速、洗油对脱氯效果的影响。