A cheap, safe and available alternative protein source to soybean is a huge priority for the developing world. This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of Desmodium uncinatum leaf meal incorporation levels in the...A cheap, safe and available alternative protein source to soybean is a huge priority for the developing world. This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of Desmodium uncinatum leaf meal incorporation levels in the diet on Lohmann Brown hens’ laying performances. For this purpose, 60 Lohmann Brown hens aged 33 weeks with an average weight of 1.78 kg were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups of 20 birds each with 4 replicates. The experimental treatments consisted of DULM <sub>0</sub>, DULM<sub>5</sub>, and DULM<sub>10</sub> containing 0, 5 and 10 kg of D. uncinatum leaf meal (DULM) per 100 kg of feed respectively. The results reveal that except for the weights of hens, laying performances were significantly affected (p < 0.05) by DULM in the diet. Daily feed intake was lower with 10% incorporation of DULM in the diet as compared to a diet with 5% DULM which recorded the highest value for this parameter. Moreover, the highest value for the egg weight, egg mass, yolk index, albumen index and egg production were recorded with diet DULM<sub>5</sub>. On the other hand, the diet with 10% of DULM (DULM<sub>10</sub>) recorded the highest relative shell weight, feed conversion ratio and egg price. Nevertheless, the mortality rate found in this study was 0% for all treatments confirming the good quality of DULM as protein feedstuff for layer. It was concluded that incorporation levels of D. uncinatum leaves at 5% in the diet improved the laying performances of Lohmann Brown hens.展开更多
Improving the percent hatch during artificial spawning of walleye (Sander vitreus) could save agencies substantial resources. Semen inclusion techniques used to artificially fertilize walleye eggs may have a subsequen...Improving the percent hatch during artificial spawning of walleye (Sander vitreus) could save agencies substantial resources. Semen inclusion techniques used to artificially fertilize walleye eggs may have a subsequent influence on the percent hatch. We compared walleye egg survival to the early embryo stage across four semen inclusion techniques used during fertilization to determine if one or more of the techniques would result in a higher percent hatch. Six mL of freshly collected (within 2 h) semen was presented to common pools of walleye eggs separated into 250 mL lots by either 1) pouring semen on top of the eggs before sperm activation, 2) placing 3 mL of semen below and above the eggs before sperm activation, 3) pouring 3 mL of semen on top of the eggs, activating sperm, and adding the remaining 3 mL of semen after 30 s, or 4) activating the sperm by adding semen to 1 L of water, mixing and pouring the solution on the eggs within 3 s. All treatments received 1 L of filtered lake water for sperm activation and fertilization. Mean egg survival was similar ranging from 49.5% to 56.7% among the four techniques and was not significantly different across methods. These results suggest that any of the semen inclusion techniques will likely provide a similar percent hatch for walleye eggs when 250 mL of eggs, 6 mL of semen, and 1 L of water are used during fertilization.展开更多
To ensure food security, continuous intensive farming systems with limited fallowing periods and other farming systems like crop rotation have led to poor soil health with extremely low organic matter, especially in t...To ensure food security, continuous intensive farming systems with limited fallowing periods and other farming systems like crop rotation have led to poor soil health with extremely low organic matter, especially in tropical regions with high organic matter mineralization. Small-scale farmers in developing countries cannot afford intensive agricultural systems with heavy chemical inputs, which have not improved soil health. Inorganic fertilizers are harmful to the environment, so farmers should use cheap, locally available organic fertilizers like animal manure, which supports organic agricultural systems and soil health. Animal manure is used as a soil amendment to improve soil health, fertility, and crop yields, but data on how different manures affect specific crops is scarce. Poultry, cattle, and goat manure were compared to no fertilizer and mineral fertilizer on garden egg phenology, vegetative growth, and yield. Poultry manure improved garden egg vegetative growth, phenology, yield, and yield components compared to the negative control and the other treatments. Poultry manure yielded the most fruit at 0.921 kg∙ha<sup>-1</sup>, followed by cattle and goat manure at 0.709 kg∙ha<sup>-1</sup> and 0.698 kg∙ha<sup>-1</sup>. In conclusion, poultry manure may be a better alternative to synthetic NPK with yield performance similar to garden eggs and long-term soil health benefits similar to other manure sources.展开更多
鸭蛋裂纹检测技术对于禽蛋加工工厂实现智能化蛋品检测、分级具有重要意义。该研究针对鸭蛋裂纹检测流程复杂、计算量大、模型尺寸大等问题,提出了一种基于改进YOLOv5l(you only look once version5 large)的轻量裂纹检测算法,通过在黑...鸭蛋裂纹检测技术对于禽蛋加工工厂实现智能化蛋品检测、分级具有重要意义。该研究针对鸭蛋裂纹检测流程复杂、计算量大、模型尺寸大等问题,提出了一种基于改进YOLOv5l(you only look once version5 large)的轻量裂纹检测算法,通过在黑暗条件下使用LED灯照射鸭蛋,根据裂纹蛋壳与完好蛋壳透光性不同产生的图像差异进行检测。通过在YOLOv5中引入Ghost_conv模块,大大减少了模型的浮点计算量和参数量,并在模型的骨干网络中加入ECA(efficient channel attention)注意力机制以及使用多尺度特征融合方法 BIFPN(bi-directional feature pyramid network),增加模型对有效信息的关注度,以提高算法检测精度。同时使用CIoU与α-IoU损失函数融合后替代YOLOv5原始GIoU函数加速回归预测。利用自建的鸭蛋裂纹数据集验证改进后模型的性能,结果表明,本研究提出的改进YOLOv5l网络模型检测精准率为93.8%,与原始YOLOv5l模型相比,检测精度提高了6.3个百分点,参数量和浮点计算量分别减少了30.6%、39.4%。检测帧速率为28.954帧/s,较原始YOLOv5l模型仅下降3.824帧/s。与其他的目标检测常用网络SSD(single shot multibox detector)、YOLOv4、Faster-RCNN(faster region convolutional neural networks)相比,精度分别提高了13.1、12.5、8.2个百分点。本研究提出的方法能够在低硬件资源条件下进行高精度检测,可为实际场景应用提供解决方案和技术支持。展开更多
文摘A cheap, safe and available alternative protein source to soybean is a huge priority for the developing world. This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of Desmodium uncinatum leaf meal incorporation levels in the diet on Lohmann Brown hens’ laying performances. For this purpose, 60 Lohmann Brown hens aged 33 weeks with an average weight of 1.78 kg were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups of 20 birds each with 4 replicates. The experimental treatments consisted of DULM <sub>0</sub>, DULM<sub>5</sub>, and DULM<sub>10</sub> containing 0, 5 and 10 kg of D. uncinatum leaf meal (DULM) per 100 kg of feed respectively. The results reveal that except for the weights of hens, laying performances were significantly affected (p < 0.05) by DULM in the diet. Daily feed intake was lower with 10% incorporation of DULM in the diet as compared to a diet with 5% DULM which recorded the highest value for this parameter. Moreover, the highest value for the egg weight, egg mass, yolk index, albumen index and egg production were recorded with diet DULM<sub>5</sub>. On the other hand, the diet with 10% of DULM (DULM<sub>10</sub>) recorded the highest relative shell weight, feed conversion ratio and egg price. Nevertheless, the mortality rate found in this study was 0% for all treatments confirming the good quality of DULM as protein feedstuff for layer. It was concluded that incorporation levels of D. uncinatum leaves at 5% in the diet improved the laying performances of Lohmann Brown hens.
文摘Improving the percent hatch during artificial spawning of walleye (Sander vitreus) could save agencies substantial resources. Semen inclusion techniques used to artificially fertilize walleye eggs may have a subsequent influence on the percent hatch. We compared walleye egg survival to the early embryo stage across four semen inclusion techniques used during fertilization to determine if one or more of the techniques would result in a higher percent hatch. Six mL of freshly collected (within 2 h) semen was presented to common pools of walleye eggs separated into 250 mL lots by either 1) pouring semen on top of the eggs before sperm activation, 2) placing 3 mL of semen below and above the eggs before sperm activation, 3) pouring 3 mL of semen on top of the eggs, activating sperm, and adding the remaining 3 mL of semen after 30 s, or 4) activating the sperm by adding semen to 1 L of water, mixing and pouring the solution on the eggs within 3 s. All treatments received 1 L of filtered lake water for sperm activation and fertilization. Mean egg survival was similar ranging from 49.5% to 56.7% among the four techniques and was not significantly different across methods. These results suggest that any of the semen inclusion techniques will likely provide a similar percent hatch for walleye eggs when 250 mL of eggs, 6 mL of semen, and 1 L of water are used during fertilization.
文摘To ensure food security, continuous intensive farming systems with limited fallowing periods and other farming systems like crop rotation have led to poor soil health with extremely low organic matter, especially in tropical regions with high organic matter mineralization. Small-scale farmers in developing countries cannot afford intensive agricultural systems with heavy chemical inputs, which have not improved soil health. Inorganic fertilizers are harmful to the environment, so farmers should use cheap, locally available organic fertilizers like animal manure, which supports organic agricultural systems and soil health. Animal manure is used as a soil amendment to improve soil health, fertility, and crop yields, but data on how different manures affect specific crops is scarce. Poultry, cattle, and goat manure were compared to no fertilizer and mineral fertilizer on garden egg phenology, vegetative growth, and yield. Poultry manure improved garden egg vegetative growth, phenology, yield, and yield components compared to the negative control and the other treatments. Poultry manure yielded the most fruit at 0.921 kg∙ha<sup>-1</sup>, followed by cattle and goat manure at 0.709 kg∙ha<sup>-1</sup> and 0.698 kg∙ha<sup>-1</sup>. In conclusion, poultry manure may be a better alternative to synthetic NPK with yield performance similar to garden eggs and long-term soil health benefits similar to other manure sources.
