目的明确深圳市罗湖区某幼儿园一起疱疹性咽峡炎(herpangina,HA)混合手足口病(hand,foot and mouth disease,HFMD)聚集性疫情的流行病学特征,分析疫情持续传播的因素,为制定有效的防控措施提供科学依据。方法应用现场流行病学方法整理...目的明确深圳市罗湖区某幼儿园一起疱疹性咽峡炎(herpangina,HA)混合手足口病(hand,foot and mouth disease,HFMD)聚集性疫情的流行病学特征,分析疫情持续传播的因素,为制定有效的防控措施提供科学依据。方法应用现场流行病学方法整理分析疫情相关资料,在疫情接报和持续传播阶段分别采集病例咽拭子、肛拭子以及环境样本检测肠道病毒核酸及基因分型。结果本起疫情共持续42d,报告115例病例,无重症、住院及死亡病例。其中HA 86例,HFMD 11例,其他18例。幼儿园整体罹患率为20.7%(115/555),其中教学楼二楼儿童罹患率为27.5%(57/207),与一楼相比差异具有统计学意义(RR=1.824,95%CI:1.187~2.804)。实验室检测发现前后两次采样的病原体型别不同。疫情持续传播可能与社区密切接触、首诊误诊、晨检不规范、游园活动等因素有关。结论这是一起由多个传播源头引起的HA混合HFMD聚集性疫情。既有社区到幼儿园的传播,也存在幼儿园跨班级间传播。建议校园传染病防控增加居家隔离观察期,以防疫情持续传播。展开更多
Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) remains an important public health problem in China. Many studies on the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD have been reported, but studies in North Sichuan region ...Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) remains an important public health problem in China. Many studies on the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD have been reported, but studies in North Sichuan region have been neglected. Methods: HFMD-related enterovirus infected cases were clinically confirmed and underwent real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) from May 2018 to October 2023 in Guangyuan Central Hospital. Results: During 2018-2023, other EV (437 cases, 81.08%) was the most predominant serotype followed by CV-A16 (94 cases, 17.44%), EV-A71 (8 cases, 1.48%) was the least predominant serotype. Peak infections occurred in July and October. There were no significant differences in gender, age and serotypes. HFMD was concentrated in children under 47 months of age, with the highest incidence in children aged 12 - 23 months and the highest proportion of other EV infections in the whole age group. COVID-19 did not cause significant changes in gender, age and serotype. Overall, there was a significant increase in the proportion of children aged 12 - 23 months infected with CV-A16, and an increase in the proportion of children aged over 36 months infected with other EVs. Conclusions: The incidence of HFMD caused by EV-A71 has decreased significantly, and other EVs have become the main pathogens of HFMD in North Sichuan region in recent years. In the prevention and control of CV-A16, more attention should be paid to children aged 12 - 23 months and the dominant serotype should be closely monitored. Our study highlights the importance of developing of new diagnostic reagents and vaccines for the prevention and control of enterovirus infection. This study for the first time provides insights into district interventions to local conditions.展开更多
Hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)is one of the most common class C infectious diseases,posing a seri-ous threat to public health worldwide.Enterovirus A71(EV-A71)and coxsackievirus A16(CV-A16)have been regarded as the...Hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)is one of the most common class C infectious diseases,posing a seri-ous threat to public health worldwide.Enterovirus A71(EV-A71)and coxsackievirus A16(CV-A16)have been regarded as the major pathogenic agents of HFMD;however,since an outbreak caused by coxsackievirus A6(CV-A6)in France in 2008,CV-A6 has gradually become the predominant pathogen in many regions.CV-A6 infects not only children but also adults,and causes atypical clinical symptoms such as a more generalized rash,eczema herpeticum,high fever,and onychomadesis,which are different from the symptoms associated with EV-A71 and CV-A16.Importantly,the rate of genetic recombination of CV-A6 is high,which can lead to changes in virulence and the rapid evolution of other characteristics,thus posing a serious threat to public health.To date,no specific vaccines or therapeutics have been approved for CV-A6 prevention or treatment,hence it is essential to fully understand the relationship between recombination and evolution of this virus.Here,we systematically review the genetic recombination events of CV-A6 that have occurred worldwide and explore how these events have promoted virus evolution,thus providing important information regarding future HFMD surveillance and prevention.展开更多
Background:Hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)is a common childhood infectious disease caused by a variety of enteroviruses(EVs).To explore the epidemiological characteristics and etiology of HFMD in Zhengzhou,China,we ...Background:Hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)is a common childhood infectious disease caused by a variety of enteroviruses(EVs).To explore the epidemiological characteristics and etiology of HFMD in Zhengzhou,China,we conducted a systematic analysis of HFMD surveillance data from Zhengzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2009 to December 2021(https://wjw.zhengzhou.gov.cn/).Methods:Surveillance data were collected from Zhengzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2009 to December 2021(https://wjw.zhengzhou.gov.cn/).Cases were analyzed according to the time of onset,type of diagnosis,characteristics,viral serotype,and epidemiological trends.Results:We found that the primary causative agent responsible for the HFMD outbreaks in Zhengzhou was Enterovirus A71(EVA-71)(48.56%)before 2014.After 2015,other EVs gradually became the dominant strains(57.68%).The data revealed that the HFMD epidemics in Zhengzhou displayed marked seasonality,with major peaks occurring from April to June,followed by secondary peaks from October to November,except in 2020.Both the severity and case-fatality ratio of HFMD decreased following the COVID-19 pandemic(severity‰:13.46 vs.0.17;case-fatality‰:0.21 vs.0,respectively).Most severe cases were observed in patients aged 1 year and below,accounting for 45.81%.Conclusions:Overall,the incidence rate of HFMD decreased in Zhengzhou following the introduction of the EVA-71 vaccine in 2016.However,it is crucial to acknowledge that HFMD prevalence continues to exhibit a distinct seasonal pattern and periodicity,and the occurrence of other EV infections poses a new challenge for children’s health.展开更多
Background:During Enterovirus type 71(EV71)infection,the structural viral protein 1(VP1)activates endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress associated with peripheral myelin protein 22(PMP22)accumulation and induces autophagy.H...Background:During Enterovirus type 71(EV71)infection,the structural viral protein 1(VP1)activates endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress associated with peripheral myelin protein 22(PMP22)accumulation and induces autophagy.However,the specific mechanism behind this process remains elusive.Methods:In this research,we used the VP1-overexpressing mouse Schwann cells(SCs)models co-transfected with a PMP22 silencing or Autocrine motility factor receptor(AMFR/gp78)overexpressing vector to explore the regulation of gp78 on PMP22 and its relationship with autophagy and apoptosis.Results:The activity of gp78 could be influenced by EV71-VP1,leading to a decrease in the ubiquitination and degradation of PMP22,resulting in PMP22 accumulation in ER.In VP1-overexpressing mouse SCs,all three ER stress sensors,including pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum kinase(PERK),activating transcription factor 6(ATF6)and inositol-requiring enzyme 1(IRE1)and the related downstream signals(C/EBP-homologous protein(CHOP)and Caspase 12)were activated,as well as the ER-resident chaperone Glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78).In addition,VP1 upregulated the autophagy marker Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta(LC3B),while PMP22 silencing or gp78 overexpression reversed the phenomenon.Meanwhile,PMP22 silencing or gp78 overexpression increased proliferation of EV71-VP1-transfected mouse SCs.Conclusion:Gp78 could regulate PMP22 accumulation through ubiquitination degradation and cause ER stress and autophagy in EV71-VP1-overexpressing mouse SCs.Therefore,the gp78/PMP22/ER stress axis might emerge as a promising therapeutic target for myelin and neuronal damage induced by EV71 infection.展开更多
文摘Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) remains an important public health problem in China. Many studies on the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD have been reported, but studies in North Sichuan region have been neglected. Methods: HFMD-related enterovirus infected cases were clinically confirmed and underwent real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) from May 2018 to October 2023 in Guangyuan Central Hospital. Results: During 2018-2023, other EV (437 cases, 81.08%) was the most predominant serotype followed by CV-A16 (94 cases, 17.44%), EV-A71 (8 cases, 1.48%) was the least predominant serotype. Peak infections occurred in July and October. There were no significant differences in gender, age and serotypes. HFMD was concentrated in children under 47 months of age, with the highest incidence in children aged 12 - 23 months and the highest proportion of other EV infections in the whole age group. COVID-19 did not cause significant changes in gender, age and serotype. Overall, there was a significant increase in the proportion of children aged 12 - 23 months infected with CV-A16, and an increase in the proportion of children aged over 36 months infected with other EVs. Conclusions: The incidence of HFMD caused by EV-A71 has decreased significantly, and other EVs have become the main pathogens of HFMD in North Sichuan region in recent years. In the prevention and control of CV-A16, more attention should be paid to children aged 12 - 23 months and the dominant serotype should be closely monitored. Our study highlights the importance of developing of new diagnostic reagents and vaccines for the prevention and control of enterovirus infection. This study for the first time provides insights into district interventions to local conditions.
文摘Hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)is one of the most common class C infectious diseases,posing a seri-ous threat to public health worldwide.Enterovirus A71(EV-A71)and coxsackievirus A16(CV-A16)have been regarded as the major pathogenic agents of HFMD;however,since an outbreak caused by coxsackievirus A6(CV-A6)in France in 2008,CV-A6 has gradually become the predominant pathogen in many regions.CV-A6 infects not only children but also adults,and causes atypical clinical symptoms such as a more generalized rash,eczema herpeticum,high fever,and onychomadesis,which are different from the symptoms associated with EV-A71 and CV-A16.Importantly,the rate of genetic recombination of CV-A6 is high,which can lead to changes in virulence and the rapid evolution of other characteristics,thus posing a serious threat to public health.To date,no specific vaccines or therapeutics have been approved for CV-A6 prevention or treatment,hence it is essential to fully understand the relationship between recombination and evolution of this virus.Here,we systematically review the genetic recombination events of CV-A6 that have occurred worldwide and explore how these events have promoted virus evolution,thus providing important information regarding future HFMD surveillance and prevention.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82273695,No.82002147,and No.82073618)the Open Research Fund of the National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention&Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention(ZD202301).
文摘Background:Hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)is a common childhood infectious disease caused by a variety of enteroviruses(EVs).To explore the epidemiological characteristics and etiology of HFMD in Zhengzhou,China,we conducted a systematic analysis of HFMD surveillance data from Zhengzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2009 to December 2021(https://wjw.zhengzhou.gov.cn/).Methods:Surveillance data were collected from Zhengzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2009 to December 2021(https://wjw.zhengzhou.gov.cn/).Cases were analyzed according to the time of onset,type of diagnosis,characteristics,viral serotype,and epidemiological trends.Results:We found that the primary causative agent responsible for the HFMD outbreaks in Zhengzhou was Enterovirus A71(EVA-71)(48.56%)before 2014.After 2015,other EVs gradually became the dominant strains(57.68%).The data revealed that the HFMD epidemics in Zhengzhou displayed marked seasonality,with major peaks occurring from April to June,followed by secondary peaks from October to November,except in 2020.Both the severity and case-fatality ratio of HFMD decreased following the COVID-19 pandemic(severity‰:13.46 vs.0.17;case-fatality‰:0.21 vs.0,respectively).Most severe cases were observed in patients aged 1 year and below,accounting for 45.81%.Conclusions:Overall,the incidence rate of HFMD decreased in Zhengzhou following the introduction of the EVA-71 vaccine in 2016.However,it is crucial to acknowledge that HFMD prevalence continues to exhibit a distinct seasonal pattern and periodicity,and the occurrence of other EV infections poses a new challenge for children’s health.
基金The study was supported by Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(Grant Numbers 2020A1515010014,2022A1515012411)Science and Technology Key Project for People’s Livelihood of Guangzhou,China(Grant Number 202206010060)+1 种基金Guangzhou Science and Technology Bureau Basic Research Project(SL2024A03J01288)Innovative Project of Children’s Research Institute,Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center,China(Grant Numbers Pre-NSFC-2019-002,NKE PRE-2019-015).
文摘Background:During Enterovirus type 71(EV71)infection,the structural viral protein 1(VP1)activates endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress associated with peripheral myelin protein 22(PMP22)accumulation and induces autophagy.However,the specific mechanism behind this process remains elusive.Methods:In this research,we used the VP1-overexpressing mouse Schwann cells(SCs)models co-transfected with a PMP22 silencing or Autocrine motility factor receptor(AMFR/gp78)overexpressing vector to explore the regulation of gp78 on PMP22 and its relationship with autophagy and apoptosis.Results:The activity of gp78 could be influenced by EV71-VP1,leading to a decrease in the ubiquitination and degradation of PMP22,resulting in PMP22 accumulation in ER.In VP1-overexpressing mouse SCs,all three ER stress sensors,including pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum kinase(PERK),activating transcription factor 6(ATF6)and inositol-requiring enzyme 1(IRE1)and the related downstream signals(C/EBP-homologous protein(CHOP)and Caspase 12)were activated,as well as the ER-resident chaperone Glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78).In addition,VP1 upregulated the autophagy marker Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta(LC3B),while PMP22 silencing or gp78 overexpression reversed the phenomenon.Meanwhile,PMP22 silencing or gp78 overexpression increased proliferation of EV71-VP1-transfected mouse SCs.Conclusion:Gp78 could regulate PMP22 accumulation through ubiquitination degradation and cause ER stress and autophagy in EV71-VP1-overexpressing mouse SCs.Therefore,the gp78/PMP22/ER stress axis might emerge as a promising therapeutic target for myelin and neuronal damage induced by EV71 infection.
