First-principles study of intrinsic defects,dopants and dopant-defect complexes in LiBH_4

A first-principles study was reported based on density functional theory of hydrogen vacancy,metal dopants,metal dopant-vacancy complex in LiBH4,a promising material for hydrogen storage.The formation of H vacancy and metal doping in LiBH4 is difficult,and their concentrations are low.The presence of one kind of defect is helpful to the formation of other kind of defect.Based on the analysis of electronic structure,the improvement of the dehydrogenating kinetics of LiBH4 by metal catalysts is due to the weaker bonding of B—H and the new metal-like system,which makes H atom diffuse easily;H vacancy accounts for a trace amount of BH3 release during the decomposing process of LiBH4;metal dopant weakens the strength of B—H bonds,which reduces the dehydriding temperature of LiBH4.The roles of metal and vacancy in the metal dopant-vacancy complex can be added in LiBH4 system.

Studies on the Proton Pumping Activity of H^+-ATPase in Tonoplast Vesicles of Populus euphratica

Tonoplast-enriched vesicles were prepared from suspension-cultured Populus euphratica Oliv. cells by differential centrifugation and discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The properties of the proton pumping activity of H+-ATPases in tonoplast vesicles were studied by acridine orange fluorescent quenching measured at 22 degreesC. The proton pumping activity of ATPase was ATP-dependent with apparent Michaelis-Menten Constant (K-m) for ATP about 0.65 mmol/L. The optimal pH for H+-ATPases activity was 7.5. The proton pumping activity of H+-ATPase could be initiated by some divalent cations, Mg2+ being highly efficient, much more than Fe2+; and Ca2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ were inefficient under the experimental condition. The proton translocation could be stimulated by halide anions, with potencies decreasing in the order Cl- > Br- > I- > F-. The proton pumping activity was greatly inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), N, N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), NO3- and Bafilomycin A(1), but not by orthovanadate and azide. These results demonstrated that the H+-ATPase in the tonoplast of Populus euphratica belonged to vacuolar type ATPase. This work was the first time that tonoplast-enriched vesicles were isolated from Populus euphratica cells.

强凸n-Banach空间的结构定理

在n-Banach空间中引入了强凸、中点局部一致凸、弱(w)序列紧集等概念,给出了n-Banach空间成为强凸空间的两个充要条件.研究了n-Banach由空间重新赋范化问题,证明了满足一定条件的一类强凸,n-Banach空间的结构定理.

Protective Effects of Glycinebetaine on Brassica chinensis Under Salt Stress

Brassica chinensis L. were foliarly applied with glycinebetaine (GB), as this species is unable to synthesis GB and sensitive to osmotic stress such as salt. The exogenous GB was easily absorbed and transported by the leaf of B. chinensis . Its application (0-20 mmol/L) enhanced the plant tolerance to salt stress. The treatment of 15 mmol/L GB significantly decreased the Na + accumulation in leaf and root under NaCl stress. This difference in accumulating Na + and K + is caused by higher selectivity of root absorption. Furthermore, GB increased H +_ATPase activity of root plasma membrane evidently. This result strongly suggested that in root the decreased Na + accumulation was caused by the GB accumulation that enhanced the extrusion of Na + from the cell in some way through plasma membrane transporter, e.g. Na +/H + antiport driven by H +_ATPase. The GB application was also found to stabilize the plasma membrane, to decrease the loss of chlorophyll, and to stimulate the osmosis induced proline response under salt stress.

A rate-distortion optimized rate shaping scheme for H.264 data partitioned video bitstream

To enable quality sealability and further improve the reconstructed video quallty m rate shaping, a rate-distortion optimized packet dropping scheme for H. 264 data partitioned video bitstream is proposed in this paper. Some side information is generated for each video bitstream in advance, while streaming such side information is exploited by a greedy algorithm to optimally drop partitions in a rate-distortion optimized way. Quality sealability is supported by adopting data partition instead of whole frame as the dropping unit. Simulation resuhs show that the proposed scheme achieves a great gain in the reconstructed video quality over two typical frame dropping schemes, with the help of the fine granularity in dropping unit as well as rate-distortion optimization.

Interface chemical states of NiO/NiFe films and their effects on magnetic properties

Ta/NiOx/Ni81Fe19/Ta multilayers were prepared by rf reactive and dc magnetron sputtering.The exchange coupling field (Hex) and the coercivity (Hc) of NiOx/Ni81Fe19 as a function of the ratio of Ar to O2 during the deposition process were studied.The composition and chemical states at the interface region of NiOx/NiFe were also investigated using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and peak decomposition technique.The results show that the ratio of Ar to O2 has great effect on the nickel chemical states in NiOx film.When the ratio of Ar to O2 is equal to 7 and the argon sputtering pressure is 0.57 Pa,the x value is approximately 1 and the valence of nickel is +2.At this point,NiOx is antiferromagnetic NiO and the corresponding Hex is the largest.As the ratio of Ar/O2 deviates from 7,the exchange coupling field (Hex) will decrease due to the presence of magnetic impurities such as Ni+3 or metallic Ni at the interface region of NiOx/NiFe,while the coercivity (Hc) will increase due to the metallic Ni.XPS studies also show that there are two thermodynamically favorable reactions at the NiO/NiFe interface: NiO+Fe=Ni+FeO and 3NiO+2Fe=3Ni+Fe2O3.These interface reaction products are magnetic impurities at the interface region of NiO/NiFe.It is believed that these magnetic impurities would have effect on the exchange coupling field (Hex) and the coercivity (Hc) of NiO/NiFe.