Efficient Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of BiOCl/Graphite by One-step Solvothermal Method

We used the surface-pretreated graphite paper(Gp)as a carrier and loaded BiOCl with high selectivity to Cl^(-)on its surface by solvothermal method to form BiOCl@Gp electrode.The morphology,structure,and composition of the materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption/desorption,and the results showed that the spherical BiOCl particles were uniformly dispersed on the surface of the Gp,forming a mesoporous BiOCl@Gp composite with a specific surface area of 22.82 m^(2)/g and a pore volume of 0.043 cm3/g.Furthermore,cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to test the electrochemical properties of the composites,and the stability of BiOCl and the high conductivity of Gp were synergistic,the BiOCl@Gp exhibited a specific capacitance of 30.2 F·g^(-1) at a current density of 0.5 A·g^(-1),and the selectivity of the BiOCl@Gp materials for Cl^(-)was significantly higher than that of SO_(4)^(2-),NO_(2)^(-),and HCO_(3)^(-).Therefore,BiOCl@Gp composite electrode materials can be used for the selective adsorption of Cl^(-)in wastewater,in order to achieve efficient wastewater recycling.

Investigation on the coordination mechanism of Pt-containing species and qualification of the alkaline content during Pt/C preparation via a solvothermal polyol method

A solvothermal assisted ethylene glycol reduction method is a common technology for Pt/C catalysts preparation. Here, the coordination mechanism of the Pt-containing species is deeply studied by innovatively adopting the ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy technology and H+ concentration detector. Moreover, the amount of Na OH that effectively coordinates Pt4+ has been tentatively qualified and the heating parameters during the preparation process of Pt/C have also been optimized. As investigated, the optimized 20-(1/22)-140-2 Pt/C(20 wt%Pt;m(Pt):m(Na OH)=1/22;heating temperature: 140 °C, heating time: 2 h) exhibits higher electrocatalytic activity towards oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) than the commercial 20 wt% Pt/C(E-TEK) in acidic media. This work provides a theoretical reserve and technical accumulation for industrialized mass production of highly efficient Pt/C catalysts for ORR in proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

Catalytic performance and synthesis of a Pt/graphene-TiO_2 catalyst using an environmentally friendly microwave-assisted solvothermal method

A Pt/graphene‐TiO2catalyst was prepared by a microwave‐assisted solvothermal method and was characterized by X‐ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,cyclic voltammetry,and linear sweep voltammetry.The cubic TiO2particles were approximately60nm in size and were distributed on the graphene sheets.The Pt nanoparticles were uniformly distributed between the TiO2particles and the graphene sheet.The catalyst exhibited a significant improvement in activity and stability towards the oxygen reduction reaction compared with Pt/C,which resulted from the high electronic conductivity of graphene and strong metal‐support interactions.

Facile Synthesis of Long,Straight and Uniform Copper Nanowires via a Solvothermal Method

Copper nanowires were facilely prepared via a solvothermal method.In this method,cetyitrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was used as a soft template,copper nitrate was an inorganic precursor,and absolute ethanol served as a reducing agent as well as a solvent.X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the as-prepared copper nanowires.The as-prepared copper nanowires are fairly uniform and long.The majority of them are longer than 100μm and some even longer than 200μm.Furthermore,most nanowires are quite straight.In addition, The mechanism of the growth process of copper nanowires was discussed.

Preparation,Growth Mechanisms and Characterizations of ZnSe Films via the Solvothermal Method

With diethylamine as a solvent, ZnSe films were formed on the Si substrate directly from zinc and selenium through the modified solvothermal method. The effects of holding temperature, deposition time and substrate surface treatment on the quality and morphologies of the ZnSe films were investigated. The growth mechanism of ZnSe films was proved to be a layer-nucleation growth process, which was tied in with the Stranski-Krastanov （SK） model. ZnSe films were identified by the X-ray diffraction pattern （XRD）, the scanning electron microscope （SEM）, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscope （XPS） and the photoluminescence （PL） techniques. The results indicate that the modified solvothermal method with diethylamine as a solvent is suitable to prepare high quality ZnSe films.

Effect of pH Value on the Micro-structures and Optical Properties of Nano-crystalline CuInS_2 by Solvothermal Method

Copper indium disulfide（CuInS2） nano-particles were synthesized by solvothermal method at 150 ℃ using copper（？） chloride,indium（Ш） chloride,thiourea and ethanol as raw materials,and characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,field-emission scanning electron microscope（FESEM）,and UV-Vis spectra.The effects of pH value on its micro-structures and optical properties were investigated.The results show that,with the pH value increasing,the particle size of the nano-crystalline CuInS2 increases,and its band gap becomes narrower under alkaline condition.The band gaps of CuInS2 nano-particles are from 1.52 eV to 1.93 eV,which makes them promising candidates as absorber materials for photovoltaic applications.

Controlled Synthesis of Sea-urchin-like ZnO Nanomaterials with the Aid of Ethylene Glycol Using a Solvothermal Method

Sea-urchin-like ZnO nanomaterials were successfully synthesized by decomposition of zinc acetate precursor in the presence of sodium hydroxide and ethylene glycol（EG） in an ethanol solution using a solvothermal method at 180 ℃ for 12 h.The crystalline phase and morphology of the resultant nanomaterials were characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM）,selected-area electronic diffraction（SAED） and high-resolution electron microscopy（HRTEM）.Interestingly, the sizes and prod length of the samples can be easily tuned by changing the amount of directing agent EG and keeping other reaction conditions unchangeable. On the basis of our experimental outcomes, EG-controlled-nucleation-growth formation mechanism was proposed to correspond for the sea-urchin-like ZnO growth processes. And the photoluminescence （PL） spectra of the as-selected samples were measured at room temperature, 480 nm. presenting two emission peaks centered at - 388 and

Exciton emissions of CdS nanowire array fabricated on Cd foil by the solvothermal method

Nanowires have recently attracted more attention because of their low-dimensional structure, tunable optical and electrical properties for next-generation nanoscale optoelectronic devices. Cd S nanowire array, which is(002)-orientation growth and approximately perpendicular to Cd foil substrate, has been fabricated by the solvothermal method. In the temperature-dependent photoluminescence, from short wavelength to long wavelength, four peaks can be ascribed to the emissions from the bandgap, the transition from the holes being bound to the donors or the electrons being bound to the acceptors, the transition from Cd interstitials to Cd vacancies, and the transition from S vacancies to the valence band,respectively. In the photoluminescence of 10 K, the emission originated from the bandgap appears in the form of multiple peaks. Two stronger peaks and five weaker peaks can be observed. The energy differences of the adjacent peaks are close to 38 me V, which is ascribed to the LO phonon energy of Cd S. For the multiple peaks of bandgap emission, from low energy to high energy, the first, second, and third peaks are contributed to the third-order, second-order, and first-order phonon replica of the free exciton A, respectively;the fourth peak is originated from the free exciton A;the fifth peak is contributed to the first-order phonon replica of the excitons bound to neutral donors;the sixth and seventh peaks are originated from the excitons bound to neutral donors and the light polarization parallel to the c axis of hexagonal Cd S, respectively.

Thermoelectric Properties of n-type Poly(nickel 1,1,2,2-ethenetetrathiolate)Prepared by a New One-step Solvothermal Method

Poly(nickel 1,1,2,2-ethenetetrathiolate)(poly[Na_(x)(Ni-ett)])is one of the most promising n-type organic thermoelectric materials which can be used in wearable devices.However,the conventional solution method is time-consuming and the prepared poly[Na_(x)(Ni-ett)]usually has poor crystallinity,which does not benefit for achieving high thermoelectric performance.Here,a new one-step solvothermal method under the high reaction temperature and high vapor pressure was developed to prepare poly[Na_(x)(Ni-ett)]with a quite short period.The experimental results show crystallinity and electrical conductivity are greatly enhanced as compared with those prepared by conventional solution method.As a result,a maximum ZT value of 0.04 was achieved at 440 K,which is about four times of the polymer prepared by the conventional solution method.This study may provide a new route to enhance the TE properties of n-type organic thermoelectric materials.

Application of the Magnetic Surface Based PARK-Matrix Method in the HCOOH Laser Interferometry System on HL-2A

A new electron density profile reconstruction procedure based on the PARK-matrix method has been firstly exploited for the multi-chord formic acid（HCOOH, λ=432.5 μm） laser interferometry system on the HL-2A tokamak. According to the geometric coordinates of the magnetic surfaces reconstructed by the CF（current fitting） code and the assumption that the electron density between two adjacent magnetic surfaces is a constant, the local electron density is calculated layer by layer, and the electron density profile n_e（Z） can be determined, as well as the density profile n_e（R）. The simulation result indicates that the error of the PARK-matrix method is acceptable for the four-chord HCOOH laser interferometer. In the applications, it shows that the reconstructed electron density profile agrees well with the microwave reflectometry measurement,and the sawtooth reversion radius is consistent with that deduced from the soft X-ray signals.Meanwhile, the electron density profiles with electron cyclotron resonance heating（ECRH） and supersonic molecular beam injection（SMBI） are also reconstructed and analyzed.

Framework-solvent interactional mechanism and effect of NMP/DMF on solvothermal synthesis of [Zn_4O(BDC)_3]_8

In order to explore the effect mechanism of solvent on the synthesis of the metal organic framework materials, the microscopic interaction between solvent and framework and the effects of N,N-dimethyl-formamide(DMF) or N-methyl- 2-pyrrolidone(NMP) on solvothermal synthesis of [Zn4O(BDC)3]8 were investigated through a combined DFT and experimental study. XRD and SEM showed that the absorbability of NMP in the pore of [Zn4O(BDC)3]8 was weaker than that of DMF. The thermal decomposition temperature of [Zn4O(BDC)3]8 synthesized in DMF was higher than that in NMP according to TG and FT-IR. In addition, the nitrogen sorption isotherms indicated that NMP improved gas sorption property of [Zn4O(BDC)3]8. The COSMO optimized calculations indicated that the total energy of Zn4O(BDC)3 in NMP was higher than that in DMF, and compared with non-solvent system, the charge of zinc atoms decreased and the charge value was the smallest in NMP. Furthermore, the interaction of DMF, NMP or DEF in [Zn4O(BDC)3]8 crystal model was calculated by DFT method. The results suggested that NMP should be easier to be removed from pore of materials than DMF from the point of view of energy state. It can be concluded that NMP was a favorable solvent to synthesize [Zn4O(BDC)3]8 and the microscopic mechanism was that the binding force between Zn4O(BDC)3 and NMP molecule was weaker than DMF.

苯酚硫酸法测定萌发菌HL-003多糖方法的研究

为确定苯酚硫酸法测定萌发菌HL-003多糖的最佳参数。选取苯酚浓度和浓硫酸量为自变量,检测不同苯酚浓度和浓硫酸量下的最大吸收波长和吸光值,从而确定最佳的苯酚浓度和浓硫酸量,在此基础上检验方法的显色时间、精密度、线性范围和回收率。结果表明：最佳苯酚浓度为5%,浓硫酸量为3.5 mL,最大吸收波长为488 nm,显色时间15 min;葡萄糖浓度在0-200 mg/mL范围内线性良好;在优化方法下进行精密度实验,葡萄糖、胞内多糖和发酵液多糖测定结果的相对标准偏差（RSD）分别为0.474%、1.015%和0.712%,测定结果稳定可靠;本方法对葡萄糖和葡聚糖的回收率均在99.10%以上,回收率高,与真实值吻合;通过测定,萌发菌HL-003胞内和发酵液多糖的含量分别为2.028%和2.998 g/L。

基于HLS协议的流媒体直播系统的研究和改进

对基于HTTP live streaming(简称HLS)协议的流媒体直播系统的工作原理以及结构进行了系统的介绍,利用网络数据分析仪来深入研究客户端与服务器的交互传输过程,剖析了这种技术应用于网络电视直播时所存在的视频流索引文件重复下载的冗余问题,在一定程度上造成了网络流量的浪费,降低了传输效率.针对这类问题提出了一种改善的方法——标志法,即在.m3u8文件中添加一个新标签,并通过计算推导和实验验证把改善前后的效果进行了定量分析和对比,实验结果表明该方法可有效降低流量浪费率,提高传输性能,具有较大的可行性.

酵母细胞中构建HL-60细胞的酵母双杂交cDNA文库

目的 :以酵母穿梭表达质粒 pGADT7 Rec为载体 ,采用CLONTECHSMART(switchingmechanismat 5′endofRNAtranscript)技术 ,在酵母细胞中构建HL 6 0细胞的酵母双杂交cDNA文库。方法 :从体外培养的HL 6 0细胞中提取总RNA ,利用经修饰的CDSⅢ引物合成cDNA第一链 ,在链的末端可自动延伸CCC ,在反应体系中加入SMARTⅢTMOligo作为cDNA第二链合成的引物 ,进行长距离 (LD) PCR合成双链cDNA ,后者经CLONTECHCHROMASPIN +TE 4 0 0 0柱纯化后 ,与线性质粒pGADT7 Rec共转化感受态酵母菌AH10 9,二者在酵母细胞中利用酵母细胞内具有较高的同源重组酶活性 ,进行同源重组成环行的有复制活性的文库质粒 ,在缺亮氨酸 (LEU)培养板上筛选出所有克隆 ,即为人HL 6 0细胞的酵母双杂交cDNA文库。结果 :共获得 1.0 3× 10 6转化子 ,文库扩增后 ,插入cDNA长度在 0 .1kb～ 1.5kb之间。结论 :在酵母细胞中利用CLONTECHSMART技术成功构建了HL 6 0细胞的酵母双杂交cDNA文库。

齿轮可靠度计算的HL-RF方法

可靠度计算的HL-RF方法用于齿轮可靠度的计算。提出了齿轮接触疲劳强度可靠度计算的HL-RF方法,齿轮弯曲疲劳强度可靠度计算的HL-RF方法。

冻干狂犬病疫苗热原检测在HL-60单核细胞激活实验中的方法转移和验证研究

目的研究人早幼粒白血病HL-60单核细胞激活实验在人狂犬疫苗冻干人用狂犬病疫苗热原检测中的可行性。方法将已建立的HL-60单核细胞激活实验进行实验室间方法转移,并进行方法验证;参照《中国药典》细菌内毒素检查法中光度测定法中的干扰试验,用HL-60-IL-6单核细胞激活实验检测13批冻干人用狂犬病疫苗中的回收率及其热原含量。结果以不同浓度内毒素标准品刺激HL-60细胞导致细胞分泌IL-6的量计算与内毒素浓度的线性,R^(2)均为0.95以上;计算最低检测限不超过0.125 EU·mL^(-1);以内毒素含量为0.5、1.0 EU·mL^(-1)的溶液做回收实验,考察方法的准确度;通过HL-60-IL-6检测13批冻干人用狂犬病疫苗,内毒素的回收率均在50%~200%;对4批热原检查、内毒素含量测定不合格的冻干人用狂犬病疫苗和附带的3批注射用水,该方法检测结果与家兔热原检查法和内毒素测定法的结果一致。结论以IL-6为检测指标的HL-60单核细胞激活实验适用于冻干人用狂犬病疫苗的热原物质检测。

复方黄黛片含药鼠血清对HL-60细胞的作用研究

目的:临床上复方黄黛片对急性早幼粒细胞白血病具有良好疗效。中药组方未经体内代谢直接用于体外实验不具备说服性。依照血清药理学方法制备复方黄黛片含药血清观察对HL-60细胞的影响,证实复方黄黛片血清用药诱导急性早幼粒细胞凋亡的可信性,提供中药组方作用于体外实验的新途径。方法:制备复方黄黛片混悬液,大鼠灌胃后以腹主动脉取血方式提取含药血清,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定血清中砷的浓度。不同浓度含药血清,测定对HL-60细胞凋亡的影响。结果:含药血清砷浓度为10μg·L-1。光镜下含药血清增加细胞生长趋势越来越松散,边缘模糊甚至破碎。CCK-8法细胞抑制率、流式细胞仪测总凋亡率都随着含药浓度升高而增大。荧光显微镜观察到含药血清浓度越高细胞存活越少。血清浓度增加凋亡蛋白Bcl-2、Caspase-3和Caspase-8表达下调,Bax、Cleaved Caspase-3和Cleaved Caspase-8表达上调。结论:HL-60细胞对含药血清浓度有一定的依赖作用,复方黄黛片含药血清添加量增多,浓度升高,抑制HL-60细胞增殖作用增强,诱导细胞凋亡程度越显著。

HL-RBWO冷腔特性的一种快速算法

在传统谐振法基础上发展了一种计算慢性结构(SWS)冷腔参数的脉冲响应法,它的主要思想是利用有丰富谐波成分的窄脉冲作为激励源来代替实验系统中的扫频源,从而使得获取RBWO的色散曲线速度大大加快。这种方法使得脉冲响应法成为计算SWS冷腔参数的一种快速数值算法,更加适合于数值计算,并在研究HL RBWO时得到有效的应用。

Alcohol Solvent Effect on Fluorescence Properties in the Solvothermal Synthesis of Carbon Quantum Dots

Highly monodisperse carbon quantum dots(CQDs)were synthesized by a solvothermal method using L-ascorbic acid as carbon source and different simple alcohols(methanol,ethanol,ethylene glycol,and isopropanol)as reaction solvents at 180℃for 4 hours.The performance of CQDs was characterized by transmission electron microscope(TEM),Fourier infrared spectrometer(FTIR),UV-visible spectrophotometer,and fluorescence spectrophotometer.The results show that the prepared CQDs are wavelength-dependent,and have good hydrophilicity and similar surface compositions.However,there are more carbon and oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of CQDs prepared with ethanol(CQDs-ET),and the type and number of functional groups will directly affect the fluorescence emission of CQDs.Also,it is found that the luminescence mechanisms of CQDs prepared by this solvothermal method are mainly based on the defect state of the oxygen group surface.And alcohol solvents do not directly participate in the formation of carbon nuclei during the reaction process,but it will affect the number and type of surface groups.Therefore,the influence of surface groups on the CQDs performance is greater than that of carbon nuclei in this experiment.

A Facile Solvothermal Synthesis of Monodisperse Ni Nanoparticles

A simple solvothermal approach was developed to synthesize uniform spherical monodisperse Ni nanoparticles, which can easily disperse in nonpolar solvents to form homogenous colloidal solution. The as-prepared sample was characterized by XRD, TEM, and FTIR. The results indicate that Ni nanoparticles have the structure of face-centered cube and a narrow distribution with a diameter of （3.5±0.5） nm. The FTIR spectrum reveals that the nanoparticles are coated with oleic acid. In the synthetic process, N2H4·H2O was used as a reducing agent and oleic acid as a surfactant. The probable formation mechanism of the spherical nanoparticles was also discussed.