Heat transfer at the metal-die interface has a great influence on the solidification process and casting structure. As thin-wall components are extensively produced by high pressure die casting process(HPDC), the B390...Heat transfer at the metal-die interface has a great influence on the solidification process and casting structure. As thin-wall components are extensively produced by high pressure die casting process(HPDC), the B390 alloy finger-plate casting was cast against an H13 steel die on a cold-chamber HPDC machine. The interfacial heat transfer behavior at different positions of the die was carefully studied using an inverse approach based on the temperature measurements inside the die. Furthermore, the filling process and the solidification rate in different finger-plates were also given to explain the distribution of interfacial heat flux(q) and interfacial heat transfer coefficient(h). Measurement results at the side of sprue indicates that qmax and hmax could reach 9.2 MW·m^(-2) and 64.3 kW ·m^(-2)·K^(-1), respectively. The simulation of melt flow in the die reveals that the thinnest(T_1) finger plate could accelerate the melt flow from 50 m·s^(-1) to 110 m·s^(-1). Due to this high velocity, the interfacial heat flux at the end of T_1 could firstly reach a highest value 7.92 MW·m^(-2) among the ends of T_n(n=2,3,4,5). In addition, the q_(max) and h_(max) values of T_2, T_4 and T_5 finger-plates increase with the increasing thickness of the finger plate. Finally, at the rapid decreasing stage of interfacial heat transfer coefficient(h), the decreasing rate of h has an exponential relationship with the increasing rate of solid fraction(f).展开更多
Flexibility of the CSIR-RCS, induction stirring with simultaneous air cooling process, in combination with high pressure die casting is successfully demonstrated by semi-solid rheocasting of plates performed on commer...Flexibility of the CSIR-RCS, induction stirring with simultaneous air cooling process, in combination with high pressure die casting is successfully demonstrated by semi-solid rheocasting of plates performed on commercial 2024, 6082 and 7075 wrought aluminum alloys.Tensile properties were measured for the above mentioned rheocast wrought aluminum alloys in the T6 condition.The results showed that tensile properties were close to or even in some cases exceeded the minimum specifications.The yield strength and elongation of rheocast 2024-T6 exceeded the minimum requirements of the wrought alloy in the T6 condition but the ultimate tensile strength achieved only 90% of the specification because the Mg content of the starting alloy was below the commercial alloy specification.The strengths of rheocast 6082-T6 exceeded all of the wrought alloy T6 strength targets but the elongation only managed 36% of the required minimum due to porosity, caused by incipient melting during solution heat treatment, and the presence of fine intermetallic needles in the eutectic.The yield strength of rheocast 7075 exceeded the required one and the ultimate tensile strength also managed 97% of the specification; while the elongation only reached 46% of the minimum requirement also due to incipient melting porosity caused during the solution heat treatment process.展开更多
Pure copper tensile bars were produced by conventional die casting(HPDC) and vacuum-assist die casting(VADC) processes. Porosity and mechanical properties were investigated by using optical microscopy(OM), scanning el...Pure copper tensile bars were produced by conventional die casting(HPDC) and vacuum-assist die casting(VADC) processes. Porosity and mechanical properties were investigated by using optical microscopy(OM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), X-ray computed tomography(XCT) and tensile tester. Results show that porosities including gas porosity and shrinkage porosity could be observed in copper castings. Since the application of vacuum could reduce filling related gas entrapment and facilitate solidification due to the increased heat transfer between metal and die, both number and size of the entrapped gases, as well as shrinkage porosities were significantly reduced in vacuum-assist die castings of pure copper. The porosity fraction decreased from 2.243% to 0.875% compared with that of the conventional die casting. Besides, mechanical properties were improved significantly, i.e., by 15% for ultimate tensile strength and three times for elongation.展开更多
The high pressure die casting (HPDC) process is one of the fastest growing and most efficient methods for the production of complex shape castings of magnesium and aluminum alloys in today's manufacturing industry...The high pressure die casting (HPDC) process is one of the fastest growing and most efficient methods for the production of complex shape castings of magnesium and aluminum alloys in today's manufacturing industry. In this study, a high pressure die casting experiment using AZ91D magnesium alloy was conducted, and the temperature profiles inside the die were measured. By using a computer program based on solving the inverse heat problem, the metal/die interfacial heat transfer coefficient (IHTC) was calculated and studied. The results show that the IHTC between the metal and die increases right after the liquid metal is brought into the cavity by the plunger, and decreases as the solidification process of the liquid metal proceeds until the liquid metal is completely solidified, when the IHTC tends to be stable. The interfacial heat transfer coefficient shows different characteristics under different casting wall thicknesses and varies with the change of solidification behavior.展开更多
Microstructural and hardness evolutions of a vacuum-assistant die-cast A380(Al-8.67 wt.%Si-3.27 wt.%Cu) alloy during heat treatment were investigated. Isothermal DSC test at 200 °C revealed that the precipitation...Microstructural and hardness evolutions of a vacuum-assistant die-cast A380(Al-8.67 wt.%Si-3.27 wt.%Cu) alloy during heat treatment were investigated. Isothermal DSC test at 200 °C revealed that the precipitation reaction in the surface layer was faster than that in the central region. This corresponded with the hardness evolution that the surface layer hardened faster. The hardness increment in the surface layer was higher than that in the central region. Further experimental evidences indicated that the differences were due to the different amounts of heterogeneous nucleation sites for precipitation in the two parts. The influence of the characteristic as-cast microstructure on the artificial aging process is analyzed and discussed in detail.展开更多
Rheocasting of plates in Al alloy 359 reinforced with SiC at 11%,27% and 50%(volume fractions) exhibits the capability of the council for scientific and industrial research-rheocasting system(CSIR-RCS) in rheo-process...Rheocasting of plates in Al alloy 359 reinforced with SiC at 11%,27% and 50%(volume fractions) exhibits the capability of the council for scientific and industrial research-rheocasting system(CSIR-RCS) in rheo-processing and high pressure die casting of SiC metal matrix composites.The metal matrix consisting of nearly spherical proeutectic α(Al) globules was produced.Spheroidization of fibrous eutectic silicon took place upon heat treatment of the as-cast metal matrix composites(MMCs).Hardness increases as the volume fractions of SiC increases.Wear rates of the MMCs in the F and T6 heat treatment conditions were assessed with a metallographic preparation machine.It is found that the 11% SiC MMC wear rate is higher on SiC abrasives compared with the 50% SiC MMC wear rate due to wear of the aluminum matrix.This trend is reversed on diamond abrasives due to pull-out of the irregular shaped composite particles.The 50% SiC MMC suffers from composite particle fracture porosity after high pressure die casting(HPDC).展开更多
A 3D mathematical model was proposed to simulate the mold filling process in high-pressure die casting(HPDC) to improve accuracy considering the surface tension. Piecewise liner interface calculation(PLIC) and volume ...A 3D mathematical model was proposed to simulate the mold filling process in high-pressure die casting(HPDC) to improve accuracy considering the surface tension. Piecewise liner interface calculation(PLIC) and volume of fluid(VOF) methods were used to construct the pattern of the liquid interface. A coupled levelset and VOF method(CLSVOF) was proposed to capture the interface pattern and obtain its normal vector. A continuum surface force(CSF) model was used to consider the surface tension. Two water analogy experiments were carried out using the proposed model. Simulation and experimental results were analyzed and compared; and the effects of surface tension were also discussed. The simulation results agreed well with the experiments and the simulation accuracy was an improvement on interface geometries, liquid flows, and gas entrapments.展开更多
基金Project (2009Z001) supported by the Important Item in Guangdong-Hong Kong Key Project, ChinaProject (2010B090400297) supported by the Cooperation Project in Industry, Education and Research of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of China
基金financially supported by the class General Financial Grant from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2015M580093)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.20151301587)the National Major Science and Technology Program of China(No.2012ZX04012011)
文摘Heat transfer at the metal-die interface has a great influence on the solidification process and casting structure. As thin-wall components are extensively produced by high pressure die casting process(HPDC), the B390 alloy finger-plate casting was cast against an H13 steel die on a cold-chamber HPDC machine. The interfacial heat transfer behavior at different positions of the die was carefully studied using an inverse approach based on the temperature measurements inside the die. Furthermore, the filling process and the solidification rate in different finger-plates were also given to explain the distribution of interfacial heat flux(q) and interfacial heat transfer coefficient(h). Measurement results at the side of sprue indicates that qmax and hmax could reach 9.2 MW·m^(-2) and 64.3 kW ·m^(-2)·K^(-1), respectively. The simulation of melt flow in the die reveals that the thinnest(T_1) finger plate could accelerate the melt flow from 50 m·s^(-1) to 110 m·s^(-1). Due to this high velocity, the interfacial heat flux at the end of T_1 could firstly reach a highest value 7.92 MW·m^(-2) among the ends of T_n(n=2,3,4,5). In addition, the q_(max) and h_(max) values of T_2, T_4 and T_5 finger-plates increase with the increasing thickness of the finger plate. Finally, at the rapid decreasing stage of interfacial heat transfer coefficient(h), the decreasing rate of h has an exponential relationship with the increasing rate of solid fraction(f).
文摘Flexibility of the CSIR-RCS, induction stirring with simultaneous air cooling process, in combination with high pressure die casting is successfully demonstrated by semi-solid rheocasting of plates performed on commercial 2024, 6082 and 7075 wrought aluminum alloys.Tensile properties were measured for the above mentioned rheocast wrought aluminum alloys in the T6 condition.The results showed that tensile properties were close to or even in some cases exceeded the minimum specifications.The yield strength and elongation of rheocast 2024-T6 exceeded the minimum requirements of the wrought alloy in the T6 condition but the ultimate tensile strength achieved only 90% of the specification because the Mg content of the starting alloy was below the commercial alloy specification.The strengths of rheocast 6082-T6 exceeded all of the wrought alloy T6 strength targets but the elongation only managed 36% of the required minimum due to porosity, caused by incipient melting during solution heat treatment, and the presence of fine intermetallic needles in the eutectic.The yield strength of rheocast 7075 exceeded the required one and the ultimate tensile strength also managed 97% of the specification; while the elongation only reached 46% of the minimum requirement also due to incipient melting porosity caused during the solution heat treatment process.
文摘Pure copper tensile bars were produced by conventional die casting(HPDC) and vacuum-assist die casting(VADC) processes. Porosity and mechanical properties were investigated by using optical microscopy(OM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), X-ray computed tomography(XCT) and tensile tester. Results show that porosities including gas porosity and shrinkage porosity could be observed in copper castings. Since the application of vacuum could reduce filling related gas entrapment and facilitate solidification due to the increased heat transfer between metal and die, both number and size of the entrapped gases, as well as shrinkage porosities were significantly reduced in vacuum-assist die castings of pure copper. The porosity fraction decreased from 2.243% to 0.875% compared with that of the conventional die casting. Besides, mechanical properties were improved significantly, i.e., by 15% for ultimate tensile strength and three times for elongation.
文摘The high pressure die casting (HPDC) process is one of the fastest growing and most efficient methods for the production of complex shape castings of magnesium and aluminum alloys in today's manufacturing industry. In this study, a high pressure die casting experiment using AZ91D magnesium alloy was conducted, and the temperature profiles inside the die were measured. By using a computer program based on solving the inverse heat problem, the metal/die interfacial heat transfer coefficient (IHTC) was calculated and studied. The results show that the IHTC between the metal and die increases right after the liquid metal is brought into the cavity by the plunger, and decreases as the solidification process of the liquid metal proceeds until the liquid metal is completely solidified, when the IHTC tends to be stable. The interfacial heat transfer coefficient shows different characteristics under different casting wall thicknesses and varies with the change of solidification behavior.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China-China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation Aerospace Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Foundation(NO.U1537202)the Special Funding Program on Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements at Jiangsu Province(No.BA2015041)
文摘Microstructural and hardness evolutions of a vacuum-assistant die-cast A380(Al-8.67 wt.%Si-3.27 wt.%Cu) alloy during heat treatment were investigated. Isothermal DSC test at 200 °C revealed that the precipitation reaction in the surface layer was faster than that in the central region. This corresponded with the hardness evolution that the surface layer hardened faster. The hardness increment in the surface layer was higher than that in the central region. Further experimental evidences indicated that the differences were due to the different amounts of heterogeneous nucleation sites for precipitation in the two parts. The influence of the characteristic as-cast microstructure on the artificial aging process is analyzed and discussed in detail.
文摘Rheocasting of plates in Al alloy 359 reinforced with SiC at 11%,27% and 50%(volume fractions) exhibits the capability of the council for scientific and industrial research-rheocasting system(CSIR-RCS) in rheo-processing and high pressure die casting of SiC metal matrix composites.The metal matrix consisting of nearly spherical proeutectic α(Al) globules was produced.Spheroidization of fibrous eutectic silicon took place upon heat treatment of the as-cast metal matrix composites(MMCs).Hardness increases as the volume fractions of SiC increases.Wear rates of the MMCs in the F and T6 heat treatment conditions were assessed with a metallographic preparation machine.It is found that the 11% SiC MMC wear rate is higher on SiC abrasives compared with the 50% SiC MMC wear rate due to wear of the aluminum matrix.This trend is reversed on diamond abrasives due to pull-out of the irregular shaped composite particles.The 50% SiC MMC suffers from composite particle fracture porosity after high pressure die casting(HPDC).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51275269)the National Science and Technology Major Projects(Nos.2012ZX04012011 and 2011ZX04001071)
文摘A 3D mathematical model was proposed to simulate the mold filling process in high-pressure die casting(HPDC) to improve accuracy considering the surface tension. Piecewise liner interface calculation(PLIC) and volume of fluid(VOF) methods were used to construct the pattern of the liquid interface. A coupled levelset and VOF method(CLSVOF) was proposed to capture the interface pattern and obtain its normal vector. A continuum surface force(CSF) model was used to consider the surface tension. Two water analogy experiments were carried out using the proposed model. Simulation and experimental results were analyzed and compared; and the effects of surface tension were also discussed. The simulation results agreed well with the experiments and the simulation accuracy was an improvement on interface geometries, liquid flows, and gas entrapments.