产β-甘露聚糖酶菌株HTGC-10对豆粕抗营养因子改性的实时监测分析

试验旨在实时监测豆粕发酵过程中抗营养因子的降解效果。以β-甘露聚糖酶高产菌株HTGC-10为发酵菌株,降解甘露聚糖,使用薄层层析及实时电泳检测菌株HTGC-10的降解效果。结果显示,菌株HTGC-10可将甘露聚糖降解为小分子的甘露寡糖;使用HTGC-10发酵10%的豆粕,在发酵的0~24 h内,菌株HTGC-10可以很好地降解豆粕中的大分子蛋白。在发酵的0~24 h内,菌株HTGC-10可以很好地降解抗营养因子,将豆粕中的大豆球蛋白、β-伴大豆球蛋白和KTI抗营养因子分别降解至原含量的11.9%、18.5%和2.0%,继续发酵24~48 h对豆粕抗营养因子的降解作用不大。研究表明,豆粕发酵以24 h为宜,可以更好地利用豆粕资源。

高温GC-MS联用技术在油脂分析中应用

国内对油脂分析,主要是采用气相色谱分离和火焰离子化检测器(FID)检测其中脂肪酸 组成,而对甘油酯分离和检测报道较少;近年来国外许多研究者利用高温气相色谱和质谱联用 (HTGC-MS)等技术对甘油三酯分离和检测进行大量研究。该文对利用HTGC-MS分离和检测 油脂中甘油三酯研究进行综述。

高温气相色谱和高温气相色谱-质谱法对费托合成蜡的分离和鉴定（英文）

费托合成蜡是费托合成反应中的重要产物之一。采用高温气相色谱与冷柱头进样相结合的方式,建立了一种分离分析费托合成蜡的气相色谱方法。该方法无需对费托合成蜡进行预处理,使用氦气为载气,选用更长的高温色谱柱,具有平稳的色谱基线,对费托合成蜡中正构烷烃和其他未知组分有很好的分离效果,能够洗脱费托合成蜡中碳数大于C_(90)的重组分。用高温气相色谱-质谱法对费托合成蜡馏分进行定性分析,其组分有烷烃、烯烃和含氧化合物。该方法对了解费托合成蜡组分的详细信息和费托合成工艺的开发有重要意义。

Biodegraded Oil and Its High Molecular Weight (C_(35+)) n-alkanes in the Qianmiqiao Region in the Bohai Bay Basin, Northern China

With a production of 208.2 m3/d, heavy oil was produced by drill stem test (DST) from three shallow reservoirs in Sand Group Nos. Ⅰ and Ⅲ of the Neogene Guantao Formation (NgⅠ and NgⅢ) and the Eogene Dongying Formation (Ed) in an exploratory well Ban-14-1 within the Qianmiqiao region, Bohai Bay Basin, northern China. Based on the GC and GC-MS data of the NgⅠ and NgⅢ heavy oil samples, all n-alkanes and most isoprenoid hydrocarbons are lost and the GC baseline appears as an evident 'hump', implying a large quantity of unresolved complex mixture (UCM), which typically revealed a result of heavy biodegradation. However, there still is a complete series of C14-C73 n-alkanes in the high-temperature gas chromatograms (HTGC) of the heavy oil, among which, the abundance of C30- n-alkanes are drastically reduced. The C35-C55 high molecular weight (HMW) n-alkanes are at high abundance and show a normal distribution pattern with major peak at C43 and an obvious odd-carbon-number predominance with CPI37-55 and OEP45-49 values of 1.17 and 1.16-1.20, respectively. According to GC-MS analysis, the heavy oil is characterized by dual source inputs of aquatic microbes and terrestrial higher plants. Various steranes and tricyclic terpanes indicate an algal origin, and hopane-type triterpanes, C24 tetracyclic terpane and drimane series show the bacterial contribution. With the odd-carbon-number preference, HMW n-alkanes provide significant information not only on higher plant source input and immaturity, but also on the strong resistibility to biodegradation.

1,4-双[2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)乙烯基]苯异构体的分离和色谱测定

研究了 1,4 -双 [2 - ( 3,4 ,5-三甲氧基苯基 )乙烯基 ]苯合成产物中的三种异构体的柱色谱分离方法 ,用硅胶为固定相 ,乙酸乙酯和环己烷混合液为流动相 ,分离产物所达纯度分别为顺 -顺式 97% ,顺 -反式 96% ,反 -反式 99% .另外 。

High molecular weight (C_(35)^+) n-alkanes of Neogene heavily biodegraded oil in the Qianmiqiao region,North China

With wax content of 1.62%, heavy oil has been produced from the sandstone reservoirs of Neogene Guantao Formation (Ng1m). In the GC and GC-MS RIC profiles of its aliphatic fraction, n-alkanes are totally lost, which shows the result of heavy biodegradedation. However, the remaining trace C13-C36 n-alkanes can be still seen from its mlz 85 mass chromatogram. In addition, a complete series of C35-C73 high molecular weight (HMW) n-alkanes was detected by high-temperature gas chromatography (HTGC). The HMW R-alkane series shows a normal distribution pattern, a major peak at nC43, obvious odd-carbon-number predominance, CPI37-55 and OEP45-49 values up to 1.17 and 1.16-1.20 respectively. The present study not only has conformed the strong resistibility of HMW n-alkanes to biodegradation in crude oils as concluded by previous researchers, but also has provided some significant information on source input and maturity for the heavily biodegraded oil in the Qianmiqiao region.

Distribution and significance of C~_(40) alkanes in the extracts of Cretaceous source rocks from the Songliao Basin

Source rock extracts and crude oils from the Songliao Basin were analyzed by high-temperature gas chromatography (HTGC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HTGC-MS) and gas chromatography-isotope ratio-mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS), for high molecular-weight alkanes. The distributions of n-alkanes in the Nenjiang Formation extracts are in the C14―C63 range; a bimodal distribution occurs in the C-21 and C21―40 regions. The C30―C37 n-alkanes are accompanied by C29―C35 hopanes, whereas the high molecular-weight C45―C47 n-alkanes co-occur with abundant isoalkanes, alkylcyclohexanes and alkylcyclopentanes. The high δ 13C values of the n-alkanes and the microscopic maceral compositions indicate a highly diversified organic source input for the Nenjiang Formation source rocks, ranging from aquatic plants, blue alge-bacteria, to land plant material. In contrast, n-alkanes in the rock extracts of the Qingshankou Formation are characterized by a single modal distribution, with relatively low abundances of C29―C35 hopanes, but high molecular-weight isoalkanes, alkylcyclohexanes and alkylcyclopentanes. The relatively low δ 13C values of C22―C44 n-alkanes and organic material compositions indicate that the source rocks in the Qingshankou Formation contain dominantly type I algal organic matter. The relative abundance of C+40 compounds in source rocks changes little at low maturity stage, but decreases drastically at higher maturity levels, with a concurrent reduction in the odd/even carbon predominance. In crude oils, in contrast, the relative abundance of C+40 compounds appears to relate closely with the oil source and oil viscosity.

Lacustrine biomass: An significant precursor of high wax oil

Although a variety of precursors have been proposed for the formation of high molecular weight hydro-carbons (HMWHCs) in crude oil, their precise origin re-mains elusive. Quantitative studies of macrocrystalline wax and microcrystalline wax content of source rock extracts from the Damintun depression, Liaohe Basin, a typical high wax producing area, coupled with microscopical maceral composition studies and pyrolysis-GC analysis indicate that oil shale enriched in lacustrine biomass makes a primary contribution to wax in oil. The main precursors of high wax oil are lacustrine alginites and their amorphous matrix, which are highly aliphatic in nature and have high genera-tive potential for HMWHCs. Wax generation efficiency could be affected by organic material abundance and matur-ity. The high abundance and low maturity of organic mate-rial are favorite for the formation of high quantity of wax, which declines with decreasing organic abundance and in-creasing thermal maturity. This suggests that wax is derived from organic-rich lacustrine biomass at early stages of maturation (RO = 0.4%—0.7%). Although the contribution of high plant cuticular wax and sporopollen cannot be ruled out, lacustrine biomass is more important in the formation of high wax oil.

High molecular weight n-alkanes of high-waxy condensate and its source kitchen orientation in the Qianmiqiao burial-hill zone, Bohai Gulf Basin

The high-waxy condensate in the Qianmiqiao Ordovician burial-hill zone, Bohai Gulf Basin, North China has been investigated by way of high temperature gas chromatography. As high-mature oil, its high molecular weight wax fraction is mainly composed of C35—C69 n-alkanes with CPI37—55 values of 0.94—1.10. On conditions that core-drilling of source rocks was limited and the exact location of source kitchen is still uncertain in the region, it is inferred that the ori-entation of main source kitchen for the condensate should be on the east of the burial-hill zone, i.e. from the direction of Qikou Sag, according to oil-oil correlation between the condensate and surrounding high-waxy oils as well as lateral distribution of the wax content of crude oils. In addi-tion, it is also further confirmed that the oil filling direction for this condensate reservoir is from NE to SW, i.e. from wells BS-4, through BS-7, to BS-8 based on the analyses of 9 maturity and 3 pyrrolic N-compound parameters.