基于改进Double-Head RCNN的无人机航拍图像小目标检测算法

为解决无人机航拍图像中小目标特征信息少且容易被噪声干扰导致现有算法漏检率和误检率高的问题,提出一种改进Double-Head Region-卷积神经网络(RCNN)的无人机航拍图像小目标检测算法。在骨干网络ResNet-50上引入Transformer和可变形卷积(DCN)模块,更有效提取小目标特征信息和语义信息;提出一种基于内容感知特征重组(CARAFE)的特征金字塔网络(FPN)结构模块,解决特征融合过程中小目标被背景噪声干扰而丢失特征信息的问题;在区域建议网络中针对小目标尺度分布特点重新设置Anchor生成尺度,进一步提升小目标检测性能。在VisDrone-DET2021数据集上的实验结果表明:所提算法能提取更具有表征能力的小目标特征信息和语义信息,对比Double-Head RCNN算法,所提算法的参数量增加了9.73×10^(6),FPS损失了0.6,但是AP、AP50和AP75分别提升了2.6%、6.2%和2.1%,APs提升了3.1%。

融合MacBERT和Talking⁃Heads Attention实体关系联合抽取模型

针对现有的医学文本关系抽取任务模型在训练过程中存在语义理解能力不足,可能导致关系抽取的效果不尽人意的问题,文中提出一种融合MacBERT和Talking⁃Heads Attention的实体关系联合抽取模型。该模型首先利用MacBERT语言模型来获取动态字向量表达,MacBERT作为改进的BERT模型,能够减少预训练和微调阶段之间的差异,从而提高模型的泛化能力;然后,将这些动态字向量表达输入到双向门控循环单元(BiGRU)中,以便提取文本的上下文特征。BiGRU是一种改进的循环神经网络(RNN),具有更好的长期依赖捕获能力。在获取文本上下文特征之后,使用Talking⁃Heads Attention来获取全局特征。Talking⁃Heads Attention是一种自注意力机制,可以捕获文本中不同位置之间的关系,从而提高关系抽取的准确性。实验结果表明,与实体关系联合抽取模型GRTE相比,该模型F1值提升1%,precision值提升0.4%,recall值提升1.5%。

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Using Helmets in Children amongst Parents to Prevent Head Injuries: A Cross-Sectional Study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Objectives: The primary objective was to characterize the range of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of Helmet use in children amongst parents to prevent head injuries and death. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, done by online survey using a snowball sampling technique, the number of included responses were 386 parents (Male and female) living in Riyadh Aged 21 - 60 years old or above. Results: The study showed that there is a difference in Parents’ belief in the importance of helmet use while riding a Bicycle vs Motorcycle/Quad bike and that was affected by parents’ education level, almost all the people who answered the survey (76.7%) agree that it is important for their children to wear a helmet when riding both a Bicycle and a Motorcycle or Quadbike with a cumulative percentage of (93.8%). And almost all agreed on multiple approaches to help increase helmet use be it by forcing rental shops to give out helmets, forcing sellers to recommend the use of helmets, increasing awareness campaigns, and imposing fines for not wearing helmets. Conclusions: This study is the first to explore Family helmet use while riding Bicycles and Motorcycles/Quad bikes. Although Parent’s belief in the importance of helmet use for their children was high, it is clear that the level of practice is low. With that the risk of head injuries might be high, our findings suggest that safety interventions for increasing pediatric helmet use are needed to increase helmet use and reduce the risk of head injury and hospitalization.

Heads-Up Computing:迈向新一代智能交互设计——访谈中国香港城市大学赵盛东教授

随着人工智能技术的飞速发展,人机交互作为连接人类与计算机系统的桥梁,正经历着前所未有的变革与深化。赵盛东教授提出Heads-Up Computing(合姿计算)理论,旨在探索人机交互设计的新范式。Heads-Up Computing通过可穿戴设备,利用微交互方式,为用户提供无缝信息交互。赵盛东教授以自身研究经验为出发点,对设计研究提出指导意见,倡导设计需要提升效率,通过深度整合LLM大语言模型等人工智能技术,实现以人为本的设计理念。赵教授认为在智能技术爆发增长时代背景下,设计学科在重视技术与设计融合的同时,还需在跨学科融合、设计美学研究、用户体验设计等方面不断努力,以体现设计的社会责任与价值。

Bilateral Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head in Renal Transplant Recipient: A Case Report

Osteoarticular complications are common after renal transplantation. The complications may result from the bone condition prior to transplantation or the iatrogenic effects of the treatments administered. These complications lead to significant morbidity and mortality, in addition to chronic pain and functional impairment. We report the clinical case of bilateral avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head in a kidney transplant recipient. Clinical Case: 53-year-old male with a history of chronic hypertension. He underwent chronic hemodialysis for 12 months and was treated with Entecavir for chronic hepatitis B. The patient received a kidney transplant from a non-related living donor. Induction therapy included Thymoglobulin along with tapered corticosteroids, reaching a dose of 5 mg/day after 3 months, Mycophenolate mofetil (2 g/day), and Tacrolimus adjusted based on residual levels. There was good recovery of renal graft function. After six months, the patient reported bilateral hip pain and functional impairment of both lower limbs. Pelvic X-rays showed signs suggestive of bilateral AVN of the femoral heads. The diagnosis was confirmed by MRI. The patient underwent right hip drilling and total left hip replacement (THR). A right THR was performed a year later. Conclusion: AVN constitutes a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality after RT. The pathophysiology of osteonecrosis remains complex and multifactorial. We emphasize the importance of conducting a thorough assessment of bone health in patients both before and after RT.

Surgical Treatment of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Using Minimally Invasive Surgical Drilling and Cancellous Grafting at Brazzaville University Hospital

Introduction: Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONTF) is a debilitating condition. Several treatments have been proposed with controversial results. The aim of our study was to evaluate treatment by surgical drilling coupled with in situ cancellous grafting. Materials and methods: Our study was a case-control study conducted at Brazzaville University Hospital from 1st January 2018 to 31 December 2023. It compared two groups of patients with ONTF: non-operated (13 patients, 20 hips) and operated (22 patients, 35 hips). We used the visual digital scale (VDS) for pain assessment, the Merle D’Aubigne-Postel (MDP) scoring system for clinical and functional assessment, and the evolution of necrosis. Results: The group of non-operated patients had a mean age of 35.69 ± 3.4 years, no improvement in pain with an EVN above seven at the last recoil and a mean global MDP score falling from 12.7 before offloading to 10.13 at one year. The group of patients operated on had a mean age of 37.86 ± 7.02 years, a significant reduction in pain (p = 0.00004) and a significantly increased MDP score (p = 0.0034). A comparison of the two groups of patients showed significant stabilization of the necrotic lesions in the operated patients (p = 0.00067), with better satisfaction in the same group. Conclusion: Surgical drilling combined with grafting in the treatment of early-stage ONTF has improved progress in our series. The technique is reproducible and less invasive. It has made it possible to delay unfavorable progression and, consequently, hip replacement surgery.

Loggerhead Sea Turtles Hand-Reared in Captivity: Isotopic Insights into Their Inherent Dietary Variation

Stable isotope analysis is a widely used method for gathering ecological insights into the diet and feeding habitats of various species. While captive studies often limit lethal sampling and differ from wild conditions, they offer valuable insights into inherent isotopic variations among individuals, which are often assumed to reflect differences between natural populations. In the Sea Turtle Conservation Program, loggerhead turtle hatchlings from different nests were fed. Necropsies were conducted on turtles that died during this period, obtaining bone fragments for analysis. We evaluated the isotopic variation of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) in bone tissue across six turtle nests (n = 66 samples) and assessed differences in Straight Carapace Length (SCL, n = 71 samples). Using SIBER and nicheROVER in R, we calculated niche width and overlap, while the simmr package determined primary prey assimilation. Despite feeding the hatchlings the same prey, we observed variations in nitrogen isotope assimilation between nests. Nests 4 and 6 had a niche width >1.8‰, indicating consistent consumption frequencies across all prey and >70% niche overlap with other nests. In contrast, nests 1 and 2 showed a narrower niche width (Mugil sp. constituted the primary diet component (>40%) across all groups. This study demonstrates how factors like competition or prey preference can influence the assimilation of diet, even when the source remains constant (inherent variation).

Fetal Head Compression: Its Possible Role in Neurologic Injury

It is widely assumed that fetal ischemic brain injury during labor derives almost exclusively from severe, systemic hypoxemia with marked neonatal depression and acidemia. Severe asphyxia, however, is one of several causes of perinatal neurological injury and may not be the most common;most neonates diagnosed with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy do not have evidence of severe asphyxia. Sepsis, direct brain trauma, and drug or toxin exposure account for some cases, while mechanical forces of labor and delivery that increase fetal intracranial pressure sufficiently to impair brain perfusion may also contribute. Because of bony compliance and mobile suture lines, the fetal skull changes shape and redistributes cerebrospinal fluid during labor according to constraints imposed by contractions, and bony and soft tissue elements of the birth canal as the head descends. These accommodations, including the increase in intracranial pressure, are adaptive and necessary for efficient descent of the head while safeguarding cerebral blood flow. Autonomic reflexes mediated through central receptors normally provide ample protection of the brain from the considerable pressure exerted on the skull. On occasion, those forces, which are transmitted intracranially, may overcome the various adaptive anatomical, cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurological mechanisms that maintain cerebral perfusion and oxygen availability, resulting in ischemic brain injury. Accepting the notion of a potentially adverse impact of fetal head compression suggests that avoidance of excessive uterine activity and of relentless pushing without steady progress in descent may offer protection for the fetal brain during parturition. Excessive head compression should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ischemic encephalopathy.

Effect of Mouth Opening Training Stick Combined with Oral Massage on Mouth Opening Difficulty in Head and Neck Cancer Patients after Treatment

Objective: To study the application effect of mouth-opening training sticks combined with oral massage on patients with mouth-opening difficulty after treatment for head and neck cancer. Methods: Using convenient sampling, 60 patients with mouth-opening difficulty after treatment for head and neck cancer admitted to the Oncology Department from February 2022 to October 2023 were selected for a 2-week exercise and nursing program. The patients were divided into a control group (February 1, 2022 to November 30, 2022) and an observation group (December 1, 2022 to October 31, 2023), with 30 patients in each group. The control group underwent routine mouth-opening functional exercises combined with cork for oral support training, while the observation group underwent routine mouth-opening functional exercises combined with oral massage and mouth-opening training sticks for oral support training. The mouth-opening degree, mouth-opening difficulty level, comfort level, compliance, and quality of life were observed in both groups. Results: Before the intervention, there were no statistically significant differences in mouth-opening degree and mouth-opening difficulty level between the two groups (P > 0.05). After the intervention, the mouth-opening degree, mouth-opening difficulty level, oral comfort level, compliance, and QLICP-HN scores in the observation group were all better than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of mouth-opening training sticks and oral massage with mouth-opening functional exercises can effectively improve the degree of mouth-opening difficulty, enhance oral comfort, increase compliance with mouth-opening exercises, and improve quality of life.

Epidemiology and Histopathology of Cancers of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract in the ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department of the Ignace Deen National Hospital

Introduction: Head and neck cancers represent a significant burden of cancer, collectively ranking fourth for cancer incidence and second for cancer mortality worldwide. Objective: To study the epidemiological and histopathological aspects of head and neck cancers in the ENT-CCF department of Ignace Deen National Hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study covering a period of 5 years from September 1, 2016, to September 30, 2021. Results: We collected 43 cases of head and neck cancers, representing a hospital frequency of 1.85%. The mean age was 45.21 ± 13.23 years. Males predominated, accounting for 65.12%, compared to 34.88% for females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.87. Housewives accounted for 27.90%, followed by farmers at 23.26% and traders/merchants at 18.60%, with 41.86% being uneducated. The main risk factors were tobacco (37.21%) and alcohol (34.88%). Pain (53.49%), dysphonia (51.16%), and dyspnea (39.53%) were the main presenting symptoms. Squamous cell carcinoma (74.42%) and large cell lymphoma (18.60%) were the most commonly cited histological types. Conclusion: Head and neck cancers remain relatively common in our country. Improving prognosis depends on early diagnosis of the condition, resuscitation resources, and prompt management.

Multi-Head Attention Spatial-Temporal Graph Neural Networks for Traffic Forecasting

Accurate traffic prediction is crucial for an intelligent traffic system (ITS). However, the excessive non-linearity and complexity of the spatial-temporal correlation in traffic flow severely limit the prediction accuracy of most existing models, which simply stack temporal and spatial modules and fail to capture spatial-temporal features effectively. To improve the prediction accuracy, a multi-head attention spatial-temporal graph neural network (MSTNet) is proposed in this paper. First, the traffic data is decomposed into unique time spans that conform to positive rules, and valuable traffic node attributes are mined through an adaptive graph structure. Second, time and spatial features are captured using a multi-head attention spatial-temporal module. Finally, a multi-step prediction module is used to achieve future traffic condition prediction. Numerical experiments were conducted on an open-source dataset, and the results demonstrate that MSTNet performs well in spatial-temporal feature extraction and achieves more positive forecasting results than the baseline methods.

HEAD-US-C对血友病A患者临床分型的评估意义

目的探讨我国优化的血友病关节超声评估量表(HEAD-US-C)对血友病A(HA)患者临床分型的评估意义。方法130例HA男性患者根据血浆凝血因子Ⅷ(FⅧ)活性分为轻型(n=39)、中间型(n=31)及重型组(n=60),收集3组患者的临床资料,采用二维超声检查3组患者双侧踝关节、肘关节及膝关节的渗出、纤维隔膜、滑膜厚度、含铁血黄素沉积、软骨改变、骨侵蚀、骨赘及骨重建情况并进行HEAD-US-C评分,采用彩色多普勒超声检查3组患者关节滑膜增厚伴血管增生情况进行HEAD-US-C评分,采用Spearman相关分析HA患者HEAD-US-C各评价指标与总评分及FⅧ因子活性的相关性。结果不同分型HA患者膝关节的滑膜厚度检出率为75.8%、骨软骨改变检出率67.3%、滑膜增厚伴血管增生检出率为69.6%,踝关节滑膜增厚检出率为58.3%;不同分型的HA患者超声评价指标中,膝踝关节滑膜厚度、含铁血黄素沉积、滑膜增厚伴血管增生、膝关节的骨软骨改变及肘关节的含铁血黄素沉积,差异有统计意义(P<0.05);HEAD-US-C各评价指标与总评分呈正相关性,其中检出率较高的滑膜厚度、骨软骨改变及滑膜增厚伴血管增生与总评分的相关性较高(P<0.05);HEAD-US-C各评价指标与FⅧ因子活性呈负相关,其中膝关节的滑膜厚度、骨软骨改变及滑膜增厚伴血管增生与FⅧ因子活性的相关性较高(P<0.05)。结论HEAD-US-C评价指标中滑膜厚度、骨软骨改变及滑膜血管增生对HA患者临床分型的评估意义更大,评分越高,关节破坏越严重。

股骨颈骨折空心钉内固定后股骨近端骨质疏松的有限元分析

背景:股骨颈骨折空心钉内固定术后由于患肢短期内常常不能负重,且高刚度的内植物对骨折断端存在应力遮挡效应,易导致患肢出现骨质疏松,股骨近端生物力学分布发生变化,术后股骨头坏死发病率较高,目前关于股骨颈骨折术后股骨近端骨质疏松对股骨近端及空心钉生物力学影响的研究较少。目的:通过有限元分析探讨股骨颈骨折术后发生骨质疏松对空心钉内固定治疗的生物力学影响,探究生物力学因素在股骨头坏死进程中的作用。方法:获取1例股骨颈骨折患者股骨CT扫描数据,利用Mimics 19.0、3-Matic、UG 11.0、Hypermesh 14.0、Abaqus软件建立空心钉治疗股骨颈骨折的股骨近端模型,利用Abaqus软件分析1种术后股骨近端无骨质疏松、3种术后股骨近端骨质疏松的有限元模型,测量分析4种模型不同部件的应力、接触压力、位移峰值及云图,对比分析股骨头内部应力变化及分布情况。结果与结论:股骨头及下前空心钉的应力、接触压力随骨质疏松程度变化较大,4种模型的位移峰值随着骨质疏松程度加重而缓慢增长。通过单因素方差分析,结果显示骨质疏松程度对不同部件的应力、接触压力、位移峰值无显著性影响,股骨头内部应力分布随骨质疏松发生相应变化,股骨近端的生物力学环境变化对股骨头坏死有着重要影响。

周全性老年评估在老年头颈癌患者中的应用

头颈癌的治疗以手术和放化疗为主,但临床上对老年患者实施侵入性治疗的合理性还存在质疑。尽管老年头颈癌患者的比例逐步增加,却几乎没有一致的治疗标准。本文从循证医学角度呈现当前治疗的证据水平,为老年头颈癌患者提供具体的治疗建议,并基于对文献的系统评价提出一种算法用以评估老年头颈癌患者的治疗风险。

基于病因和国际骨微循环研究协会分期的股骨头坏死患者骨代谢水平研究

背景:目前缺乏大样本研究对不同病因、分期的股骨头坏死患者的骨代谢水平进行分析,这不利于制定更优的促坏死修复策略。目的:研究不同病因、国际骨微循环研究协会(ARCO)分期股骨头坏死患者的骨代谢水平。方法:回顾性纳入股骨头坏死的患者401例作为试验组,81例健康体检者作为对照组。试验组按照病因不同分为激素性股骨头坏死、酒精性股骨头坏死和创伤性股骨头坏死3组,并按ARCO分期的不同分为Ⅱ期/Ⅲ期/Ⅳ期。收集所有受试者的7项骨代谢相关指标,包括骨代谢调控激素25-羟基维生素D,骨转换标志物Ⅰ型前胶原N末端前肽、β-胶原降解产物、骨钙素N端中分子片段,骨代谢一般生化标记血清Ca、P、碱性磷酸酶。比较各组受试者的骨代谢水平,并应用二元Logistic回归分析与股骨头坏死发病相关的独立因素。结果与结论:①与对照组比较,试验组患者的β-胶原降解产物、Ⅰ型前胶原N末端前肽、骨钙素N端中分子片段、血清P、碱性磷酸酶水平均显著升高(均P<0.05);②以是否发病为结局,应用二元Logistic回归分析得出β-胶原降解产物、Ⅰ型前胶原N末端前肽、骨钙素N端中分子片段是与股骨头坏死发病相关的独立因素;③不同病因3组患者的β-胶原降解产物、Ⅰ型前胶原N末端前肽水平均高于正常参考值;酒精性股骨头坏死组患者的25-羟基维生素D、血清Ca水平均高于其他2组(P<0.05);激素性股骨头坏死、创伤性股骨头坏死组患者的25-羟基维生素D水平均低于正常值;④ARCOⅡ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期股骨头坏死患者的7项骨代谢指标水平比较差异均无显著性意义(均P>0.05),但3组患者的β-胶原降解产物、Ⅰ型前胶原N末端前肽均高于正常参考值;ARCOⅡ期、Ⅳ期患者的25-羟基维生素D低于正常参考值;⑤结论:股骨头坏死患者的骨代谢水平异常,不同病因、ARCO分期的股骨头坏死患者的β-胶原降解产物、Ⅰ型前胶原N末端前肽均高于正常参考值,处于高骨转换状态;β-胶原降解产物、Ⅰ型前胶原N末端前肽、骨钙素N端中分子片段可能是股骨头坏死发病的危险因素。

中国西兰花育种研究进展

2018年以来,随着农业农村部“国家西兰花育种联合攻关”工作的实施,我国西兰花育种研究取得了重要进展。自主培育的西兰花品种在花球颜色、球形等重要性状方面取得了突破,自主培育品种的市场占有率由2018年的不足5%提升至2023年的35%左右,单倍体诱导技术广泛应用于育种实践,遗传转化和基因编辑技术取得突破,基因组与分子标记辅助育种技术在育种工作中发挥着重要作用。文章介绍了近年来我国在西兰花花球重要商品性状、育种技术、新品种选育等方面取得的重要进展。基于我国自主培育品种和对照品种的系统发育进化树分析结果,并结合主栽品种的历史更替,将我国西兰花品种分为3个历史阶段和17个进化群(簇),浙青、碧绿、美奥、台绿等最新育成品种位于进化树顶端。近几年西兰花育种主攻方向仍是早中熟、广适性品种,未来育种的方向是抗病、抗逆、适宜机械化生产,同时应从外观品质转向鲜食加工品质和功能营养品质。

小麦新品系赤霉病抗性鉴定及基因效应分析

为创制黄淮麦区小麦新品系、提高小麦抗赤霉病育种效率,2022年在小麦扬花期利用喷洒孢子液的方法对81份抗赤霉病高代品系和4份对照品种在濉溪柳湖试验基地开展了赤霉病抗性鉴定,并利用与4个抗赤霉病主效基因Fhb1、Fhb2、Fhb4和Fhb5紧密连锁的6个标记对供试小麦材料进行了基因型检测。结果表明,供试81份材料的赤霉病抗性整体较好,平均病小穗率为27.95%,其中13份自育品系平均病小穗率低于扬麦20;携带单个或多个赤霉病抗性基因的品系共有60份,Fhb1、Fhb2、Fhb4、Fhb5检出频率分别为64.20%、12.35%、20.99%、34.57%;携带单个抗病基因Fhb1、Fhb4、Fhb5的小麦品系分别为18份、3份、2份;有45.68%品系同时携带2~3个赤霉病抗性基因。携带抗性基因的品系平均病小穗率低于不含抗性基因的品系;聚合多个抗赤霉病基因可以有效提高小麦品种的抗赤霉病水平。

慢性直立不耐受人群血流动力学模式与缺血性卒中发病风险关系的前瞻性研究

目的:探讨慢性直立不耐受(OI)人群血流动力学模式与缺血性卒中发病风险的关联,为早期评估缺血性卒中的发病提供依据。方法:以多阶段随机抽样的方法抽取吉林省长春市3个街道/乡镇≥40岁638名居民作为研究对象,经颅多普勒(TCD)联合直立倾斜试验(HUTT)评估OI人群血流动力学模式,建立OI研究队列;按血流动力学改变模式将患者分为直立位低血压(OH)组、直立位高血压(OHT)组、体位性心动过速综合征(POTS)组和直立性脑低灌注综合征(OCHOs)组;对入选的研究对象每半年随访1次,随访2年;以首次缺血性卒中发病为观察终点,收集研究对象基线资料和随访期间缺血性卒中发病情况,采用Cox比例风险模型分析与缺血性卒中发病风险关联的因素。结果:121例研究对象符合OI诊断标准,其中OH组80例(66.12%),OHT组35例(28.93%),POTS组5例(4.13%),OCHOs组1例(0.82%);随访期间,总体人群确诊新发缺血性脑卒中事件共43例;在控制相关混杂因素后,以非OI者为参照,OI全人群、OH和OHT患者发生缺血性卒中的风险分别增加1.527倍[风险比(HR)=2.527,95%CI:1.269~5.032,P<0.01]、2.268倍(HR=3.268,95%CI:1.603~6.663,P=0.001)和2.153倍(HR=3.153,95%CI:1.213~8.916,P=0.008)。结论:OI与缺血性卒中发病风险增加有关,其中OH组和OHT组患者发病风险增加尤为明显。

小转子重建人工股骨头置换治疗高龄Evans-Ⅲ型股骨转子间骨折

背景:人工股骨头置换是治疗高龄不稳定性股骨转子间骨折的有效方法,但是对于Evans-Ⅲ型股骨转子间骨折,人工股骨头置换术中同期行小转子重建与否对治疗效果的影响未见报道。目的:分析小转子重建对高龄Evans-Ⅲ型股骨转子间骨折患者长柄人工股骨头置换治疗效果的影响。方法:回顾性分析西安交通大学第二附属医院骨关节外科2017年6月至2021年5月因Evans-Ⅲ型股骨转子间骨折行双极长柄人工股骨头置换的45例高龄患者的病历资料,根据术中小转子是否重建(复位并固定)分为2组,小转子重建组25例,小转子非重建组20例。比较两组患者的手术时间、出血量、下床时间、住院时间、术后3,6个月的Harris评分以及随访期内的并发症发生情况。结果与结论:①小转子重建组需要的手术时间(99.72±13.41)min较非重建组(88.90±16.53)min更长(t=2.369,P=0.023),二者在出血量、下床时间和住院时间方面差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);②术后3个月时,重建组的Harris评分(69.06±5.64)分高于非重建组(63.35±5.93)分(t=2.982,P=0.005);术后6个月时,重建组的Harris评分(86.67±4.49)分也高于非重建组(82.34±5.68)分(t=2.782,P=0.009);③此外重建组和非重建组在随访期内的并发症发生率未见显著差异(χ2=0.008,P=0.927);④提示对于高龄Evans-Ⅲ型股骨转子间骨折患者,在人工股骨头置换过程中行小转子重建虽然延长了手术时间,但是明显改善了患者术后早期的髋关节功能,初步说明小转子重建在高龄Evans-Ⅲ型转子间骨折人工股骨头置换过程中的重要性。

基于CED-YOLOv5s模型的煤矸识别方法研究

由于煤矿井下高噪声、低照度、运动模糊的复杂工况和煤矸易聚集现象,导致煤矸目标检测模型特征提取困难及煤矸分类、定位不准确问题。针对该问题,提出一种基于CED-YOLOv5s模型的煤矸识别方法。首先,在YOLOv5s主干网络中引入坐标注意力(CA)机制,通过将坐标信息嵌入信道关系和长程依赖关系中对特征图进行编码,充分利用通道注意力信息和空间注意力信息,使模型更加关注重要特征,抑制无用信息。其次,在YOLOv5s的检测头部引入EIoU回归损失函数,将目标框与锚框的宽高差异最小化,以增强目标的位置和边界信息,提高模型在密集目标下的定位精度和收敛速度;最后,在YOLOv5s的检测头部引入轻量化解耦头,解耦出单独的特征通道,分别用于分类任务和回归任务,解决了原模型中耦合头部分类任务与回归任务的相互干扰问题,进一步提升了模型的并行运算效率与检测精度。实验结果表明:CED-YOLOv5s模型与其他YOLO系列目标检测模型相比,综合性能最佳,平均检测精度达94.8%,相较于YOLOv5s模型提升了3.1%,检测速度达84.8帧/s,可充分满足煤矿井下煤矸实时检测需求。