Epidemiology of EGFR Mutation in Adenocarcinoma NSCLC Patients in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Studies reporting the Indian prevalence of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutation are mostly single centers with small sample sizes. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarized the available evidence of EGFR mutation epidemiology in Indian patients with adenocarcinoma (ADC) Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). We conducted a structured literature search in PubMed, and EMBASE databases from January 2004 through October 2019. The primary outcome of interest was prevalence of EGFR mutation by gender, smoking status, and mutation subtype. The review included 34 studies. EGFR mutation prevalence was 39.5% in patients with ADC, and significantly higher in females, non-smokers, and patients with exon 19 deletions. The EGFR mutation frequency in Indian patients with ADC was higher than reported in Caucasians but at a lower range of that reported in East Asians. These findings support the use of EGFR mutation testing to guide choice of treatment.

Knowledge of Tuberculosis, Services of TB Control Programme and Associated Socio-Demographic Inequity among Rural Participants of Jaipur, Rajasthan, India: A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. India is still the highest TB burden country. There is a scarcity of data on TB knowledge from Rajasthan state of India. Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of knowledge about TB and services of TB control programme and to determine its correlates among rural population of Jaipur, Rajasthan. Methods: Cross-sectional community based study was carried out at Model Rural Health Research Unit, Jaipur, a unit of Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India. Results: Study reports the result from 1993 adult participants from 10 villages of 2 sub-districts of district Jaipur. About 88.9% of studied participants knew that TB is an infectious disease and it spreads from TB patient to healthy person in close contact. Only 22.3% of participants knew “DOTS is the treatment for TB”. While, only 58.9% knew “sputum is used for diagnosis of TB” at health centers. Scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and backward classes social groups knew less than the mainstream “General” social group. The observed difference was statistically significant (p 0.05). Logistic regression analysis estimated the relative contribution to knowledge status. Conclusion: The knowledge of study participants on transmission of tuberculosis was similar to knowledge of population in country wide study. They poorly knew sputum is used for diagnosing tuberculosis disease;socio-demographic inequity exists in this knowledge too. People from older age groups, underprivileged social groups and minority need extra educational activities.

Glycemic Index of a Diabetes-Specific Nutritional Powder: An Open-Label Study in Healthy Indian Adults

Background: A balanced diet with a low glycemic index (GI) plays an important role in controlling and managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here, we compared the GI of 2 flavors (vanilla and chocolate) of diabetes-specific nutritional (DSN) supplements to its comparator in healthy Indian adults under fasting conditions. Methods: This study was a 39-day open-label, non-comparative, single-center trial involving healthy adults aged between 18 to 45 years. The subjects received equal doses of 2 DSN powder (Treatments A and B), the comparator product (Treatment C), and dextrose monohydrate as a reference (Treatment R). Doses were administered as per the dosing schedule, after an overnight fast for 10 hours, with 2 intervening non-dosing days. Blood samples were collected on the dosing days to assess changes in capillary blood glucose levels. The primary endpoint of the study was the mean GI of Treatments A, B, and C (Defined as low: GI ≤ 55;medium: 55 GI ≤ 70;High: GI > 70), generated using the incremental area under the curve (AUCi) methodology. Safety was assessed throughout the study. Values of all study parameters were represented in ±SD or standard deviation. Results: Fourteen adult male subjects with a mean age of 29.42 ± 4.46 years, and a body mass index of 22.0 ± 1.95 Kg/m2, were enrolled in the study. The mean AUCi for treatments A, B, and C were 104 ± 10, 111 ± 12, and 87 ± 12 mmol min/L, respectively and for Treatment R it was 276 ± 16, 319 ± 28 and 338 ± 25 mmol min/L for Days 1, 6 and 8, respectively. The mean GI of Treatment A was 33 ± 3, Treatment B was 35 ± 3 and Treatment C was 29 ± 5;all GI means were ≤55. Mild adverse events were reported in 2 (14.3%) subjects. No serious adverse events or deaths were reported in the study. All treatments were well tolerated by the subjects. Conclusion: The glycemic index of both test products and comparator was low (i.e., GI 55) as per ISO 26642:2010 standard.

Comprehensive Review on Air Pollution Control Measures for Non-Attainment Cities of Uttar Pradesh, India

Introduction: The Indian state of Uttar Pradesh (UP) for the past many years has been reported to have many cities with highly polluted air quality. The state has been taking meticulous steps in combating air pollution in the form of action plans, introduced especially in its 17 non-attainment cities (NAC). To assess the progress and development of these action plans in UP, the present study has done an in-depth analysis and review of the state’s action plans and city micro action plans. Materials and Methods: In this research study, the analysis of the latest action plan reports, micro action plan reports as well as the recommendations for combating air pollution-related issues in the 17 NAC of the UP state has been well documented. Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board (UPPCB) has prepared these reports to highlight the progress of the plans in response to the growing air pollution in these cities. The information present in the reports has been used to further study sector-specific, category-specific action plans, institutional responsibility, and the present status of the action plans. Results: On average, the highest weightage in action plans was given to sector-specific categories such as Road dust and construction activities (24%). It was also observed that Urban local bodies (~50%) were majorly responsible to implement the action points and 56% of the action points were jointly implemented by multiple agencies.

Geology of the Copper Mineralization in Proterozoic Ajabgarh Meta-Sediments of, Dokan-Dariba Belt, Sikar District Rajasthan Northwestern India

The Khetri copper belt is a well-known metallotect in northern part of Delhi fold belt in Rajasthan. On the eastern margin of the Khetri sub basin of North Delhi basin separated by a basement high, another sub basin Alwar-Ajabgarh sub basin exposes that a thick sequence of Ajabgarh group of rocks overlies a thick arenaceous sequence of Alwar group of Delhi Super Group of rocks. The Ajabgarh meta sediments here in the Neem Ka thana area are characterized by presence of Bornite dominated copper mineralization with silver association and minor presence of Pb. The mineralization has been described by various workers as strata-bound, hypogene and IOCG. But these inferences are based on part information and the inference drawn is sectorial in nature. The current study includes a holistic study based on exploration over a period of more than two decades and the data generated suggest thereof, that this syngenetic sulphide mineralization associated with the sedimentation of marl and carbonate rocks. Subsequently it has been relocated during 2nd deformation accompanied by epigenetic component of mineralization depicted in terms of vein filled coarse grained aggregates of bornite and chalcopyrite disposed across the general disposition of litho-package. The EPMA and fluid inclusion data generated from the area indicate association of typical hydrothermal environment minerals like, Perkrite, Wittchenite, Aguilarite, Molybdnite etc. The mineralizing fluids have been trapped between the temperature ranges of 130°C to 375°C with average being 250°C to 300°C. The fluid salinity also varies from near pure hot water to moderately saline fluid indicative of multi-episodic mineralization of syngenetic nature coupled with epigenetic component. The ore textures indicate 500°C temperature range;certain intergrowths of minerals like specular hematite and bornite suggest the occurrence of hypogene environment induced due to emplacement of granite/pegmatite on the eastern and southern margins of the belt. The strata bound nature suggests the euxogenic environment facilitated by carbonate facies of rocks. The parallelism of sulphide with the rock fabric was attained during first deformation and the epigenetic component coupled with the hypogene assemblage was deposited during the D2 deformation in the brittle ductile shear zones and limb shears, between the temperature ranges of 130°C to 570°C as deduced from petrochemical data. Hence a comprehensive model is suggested here on evolution of process of mineralization in the Neem Ka Thana belt.

Advanced Strategies to Mobilize Crop Residue to Replace Coal in India

Various published data show the amount of crop residue available annually in India may range from a low of 90 to a high of 180 million tonnes. Different types of crop residue are collected from farmers depending on the geography and crop pattern for instance, in north India rice straw and cotton stalks are collected while in central India soya husk and sugarcane tops are collected. Baling and transporting straw from the field, though appear to be an option for safe disposal, will be feasible only when alternate, effective and economically viable usage methods are identified and facilities and infrastructure for ex-situ management methods are created. One immediate short term use of the residue is to replace 5% - 7% of the 670 million tonnes of coal India currently consumes to generate power. The farmers will benefit from the sale of their excess crop residue. The scheme will reduce pollution due to residue burning practices. Replacing coal will cut the GHG emissions. The challenge is to mobilize the crop residue collection and timely delivery to power plants. The data and calculations in this monogram show that it is economical for the farmer to remove the crop residue from the field quickly by using modern balers, to pelletize the biomass in small-scale distributed pellet plants, to store pellets in the modern steel bins and finally to deliver the pellets to coal plants by using rail transport. The delivered cost is estimated at around Rp 6.78/kg. The Government of India encourages the power plants to pay at least Rp 10/kg for the delivered biomass in the form of pellets. The current monogram analyzes the organization of an efficient supply chain in the State of Haryana India to ensure a sustainable modern enterprise.

印度视角的RCEP贸易损益模拟研究——基于GTAP模型的实证分析

《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》(RCEP)已于2022年1月1日正式生效,印度是否永久性退出RCEP尚不可知,若在RCEP效果凸显后再度重返,则其国内贸易损益计算依据以及将对成员带来何种宏观经济层面的影响无疑是个值得关注的问题。本文利用GTAP模型对印度是否加入RCEP不同情形之贸易损益进行了模拟验证,结果表明,RCEP生效后各成员的国家总福利水平及总产出水平都将高于生效前,与印度的成员身份并无必然关联,但印度的RCEP局外人身份将对其进出口总额的增长产生负面影响;若印度重返RCEP则不仅对本国进出口贸易额增长发挥正向拉动作用,还会为其他成员带来更大的贸易增长效应;印度加入RCEP也的确存在一定程度的对外贸易逆差增大风险。为此,展望印度加入RCEP的前景,可以做出以下预判和启示:印度可能适时选择重新加入RCEP而非永久退出;印度重返RCEP可为中国经济发展带来新动力;中国应积极运用外交和经济渠道促使印度尽早重返RCEP,为中印双方未来的经济增长创造更好条件。

隋及唐初敦煌艺术对外来影响的吸收与创新

敦煌隋代彩塑受到印度笈多艺术风格的影响,及至唐代,彩塑已形成了中国式的表现手法与风格,既保持了雕塑的写实性,又体现出气韵生动的精神。壁画也同样,隋至唐初的人物造型中,常常出现典型的印度风格晕染法,比起北朝壁画更接近印度绘画的特点,表明当时确有一部分画家擅长画外来风格。但随着唐前期艺术的发展,画家们对外来晕染法不断改造,使之与传统的线描进行了完美的结合。从壁画的装饰图案中,我们也可看到对外来艺术的改造,如隋至唐初流行的联珠纹、石榴纹、葡萄纹等纹样在不断地被吸收改造,最后都融入了形态更为丰富的卷草纹中。

莫迪执政以来的印度与以色列安全合作:现状、原因及对华影响

莫迪政府上台后,印度和以色列的安全合作迈上了新台阶。莫迪高度重视与以色列的合作,成为首位访问以色列的印度总理。在印以领导人的战略引领和相互支持下,双方军事贸易规模愈趋增大,在海军、空军、网络安全等多个领域的合作取得了积极成果。印以安全合作的主要驱动力有两国相互借重的战略需求、打击恐怖主义及预阻极端思潮蔓延、维护印度洋权益、美国助推印以合作等。印度的“西联”外交使其对外政策更加平衡,但其与美以等国在安全领域的深度“捆绑”对中国的中东政策顺利推进提出了挑战。在强化与以色列合作基础上,印度推出了新的互联互通计划对冲中国的“一带一路”项目。同时印以合作进一步增强了印度在南亚的实力地位,可能刺激印度采取更为冒险的对华政策。

文化话语视角下的中、印、日国家安全观研究

国家安全观作为一个国家安全政策与战略的核心基础,不仅是一个复杂的观念系统,也是指导国家安全实践的指针,因此,厘清其特性以及这种特性所形成的跨国异同关系具有重要的现实意义与学术价值。然而,国家安全观的文化话语性质及其作用尚未得到充分的理解和重视,而且相关国家的安全观还没有得到系统、全面的分析。论文从文化话语研究视角出发,以中、印、日三国的国家安全战略话语为依据,揭示其国家安全观的特点和异同关系。文章指出,中、印更加坚持自主安全立场,印、日更加关注自身安全利益;中主全球视野,日站同盟圈子。印、日同中国之间存在权势张力,前两者呈利己、结盟态势,而后者则呈和平对话态势。基于此分析结果,文章进而提出构建中国国家安全对外话语体系的新策略。

印度农业支持水平及政策结构变动分析——基于OECD农业政策评估系统

农业支持政策能够为保障粮食和重要农产品稳定安全供给奠定坚实基础。文章以OECD农业政策评估系统为基础,从绝对量、比重、结构等方面对印度农业支持政策的实施情况进行研究,对于优化调整我国的农业支持政策和完善重要农产品价格形成机制具有参照意义。研究发现:印度农业支持估计总量水平不高,且多数年份为负值,国内农业部门总体上处于负保护状态,是世界上农业负保护最严重的国家之一。农业生产者支持估计主要集中在扭曲作用最强的市场价格支持和农业投入品补贴两个维度,且负保护程度始终高居不下。农业一般服务支持估计始终为正值,且从总量和规模上呈现出稳定递增的趋势,对农产品贸易的扭曲程度较小。印度只有食糖、禽肉、羊肉、鹰嘴豆等几类特定农产品的市场价格支持为正值,余下的特定农产品均为负保护。最后从明确农业支持政策目标、注重市场价格政策针对性有效性和优化一般服务支持结构角度提出了完善我国农业支持保护制度的对策建议。

莫迪政府第二任期以来印度的中国研究述评

2019年印度人民党再次赢得全国大选胜利,莫迪连任印度总理。莫迪政府进入第二任期后,印度更加重视中印关系研究,其国内的中国问题研究机构地位抬升,中国问题研究涉及的领域进一步拓宽,涵盖政治、经济、外交、军事、文化等多个方面。因为边界纠纷、贸易失衡等问题直接影响到中印关系发展,目前印度的中国问题研究十分关注边境安全、中印巴关系、印度对华巨额贸易逆差、中国外交战略取向等议题。同时,为更深层次了解中国对外政策背后的内在逻辑,有汉语学习背景的新生代印度学者围绕中国外交战略取向、中国共产党的组织架构、中国政治文化等产出了一系列高质量成果。近年来在印度政府和主流报刊媒体重点关注中国事务的背景下,印度中国问题研究的特点更加鲜明,呈现出研究议题务实、重要研究机构高度聚焦中国议题项目、印裔美国人塑造印度中国问题研究方向上作用显著等特点。从当前印度中国问题研究发展趋势来看,研究机构在区位分布上正由德里、孟买等中心城市向周边地区辐射,研究队伍也不断扩大、老中青三代学者结构更趋平衡,研究方法上从跨学科、新兴学科角度研究中国问题成为主流。

抗战与重建:国民政府派遣赴印度研究生的行动及其影响——以中国台湾“国史馆”解密档案为中心的考察

1937年7月,日本发动全面侵华战争以后,中国国民政府为节约外汇支出,实行严格限制出国留学的政策。随着第二次世界大战规模的扩大,中国与英美苏等反法西斯国家结成了世界反法西斯联盟共同抗击法西斯的侵略扩张,以及印度深邃文化的吸引,加上中国国民政府积极支持赴印留学等因素,中国政府从抗战重建的思路出发,在抗战后期派遣了一批研究生赴印度深造。这些赴印研究生的选拔具有候选人经历丰富、注重盟国合作、规模较小、学习形式多样等特点,不仅为国家战后重建培养了急需的人才、进一步规范了留学生选拔制度,而且还增进了中印两国人民的友谊,促进了两国教育与文化的交流。

国际南北运输走廊发展进程与前景分析

俄乌冲突爆发后,西方国家对俄制裁趋于常态化,欧亚运输网络中经俄罗斯进入欧洲的运输路线遭遇阻碍。在此背景下,联通波罗的海、里海、印度洋的南北向国际运输走廊地缘战略意义得到提升。以俄罗斯、伊朗、印度为代表的国家正将国际南北运输走廊建设重新提上议事日程,试图在新的动荡变革时期寻求新的战略通道突破,为贸易发展与能源领域合作创造机遇。当前,国际南北运输走廊沿线国家的主观建设需求显著提升,但沿线国家发展走廊的主观需求与客观建设能力及货运需求不匹配的核心问题短期内难以解决。长远来看,国际南北运输走廊以里海—中亚为轴心,拥有与传统欧亚运输线路对接的重要潜力,有望促进欧亚运输体系的多象限发展,深度激发欧亚大陆的国际物流大通道作用。国际南北运输走廊辐射面广,需要沿线及辐射地区国家齐心协力积极应对复杂局面,共同营造多方共赢的开放发展格局。为发挥更为巨大的联通效应,国际南北运输走廊的未来发展离不开与“一带一路”倡议的务实对接。

论《印度之行》中的生态思想

爱德华·福斯特的代表作《印度之行》闪耀着生态思想的光芒。小说关注美丽的自然,寻求人与自然和谐共生;关心可爱的动物,追求人与动物和平共存;聚焦人类的精神世界,渴求人与自我的和谐。从自然生态、动物生态和精神生态等三个方面进行论述,可以阐释作者构建生态共同体的思想。

印度农业的生产和贸易现状及其对中国的启示

利用FAO、WTO和UN Comtrade等组织的公开数据,分析了金砖国家农业合作机制建立以来中印农业的生产和贸易的现状,系统性地阐述了印度粮食作物、经济作物、畜禽产品三大类农产品生产情况和主要农产品贸易现状,发现印度农业生产情况稳中向好,整体呈现上升趋势且有较明显的生产结构调控行为;在农产品贸易方面则是顺差增大,进出口产品品类差别较大,多年来的农业贸易为印度提供了重要的外汇。与中国农业对比发现,中印两国粮食产量增长迅速,而优势经济作物各有千秋,农产品贸易存在竞争性和互补性,增长潜力较大。由此可知,中国农业应充分发挥政府的纠偏作用、持续助力于保证粮食安全、稳步提高农业基础设施建设水平、加强国际农业合作和交流。

印度《政事论》中的情报思想研究

[研究目的]印度的《政事论》蕴含了丰富的情报思想,系统梳理其情报思想有利于深入了解世界情报思想史的发展脉络,对于建设有中国特色的情报理论,具有重要启示意义。[研究方法]采用文本分析、归纳等研究方法,在系统梳理《政事论》情报思想的基础上,阐释其思想特征并加以评价。[研究结论]《政事论》不仅对情报活动有清晰的认识,还详细论述了情报获取、情报分析、组织运作及反情报等业务内容。其情报思想具有较强的系统性、充足的延展性和一定的客观性,对印度情报工作和情报文化产生了较大影响,值得深入发掘。

印度儿童青少年心理健康教育模式探索

对儿童青少年心理健康的教育既是学生自身健康成长的需要,也是社会健康发展的需要。印度作为人口大国,对学生的心理健康也尤为关注。文章介绍了印度心理健康教育的政策与实践探索,包括推出支持和保障儿童青少年心理健康的政策,特别是开始重视女性心理健康教育;将学校教育和社会教育相结合,发挥社区的重要作用;依据各地区发展情况,并结合大数据手段,因地制宜地探索并开展心理健康服务实践。目前,印度的儿童青少年心理健康教育在面对问题和挑战的过程中不断发展。

印度农业现代化:动因分析、现状特征及发展前景

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印澳经贸协定中的印度农产品关税减让例外安排研究

印度与澳大利亚都是世界农业市场上的重要国家,两国签订了重要的经贸协定。两国经贸协定的谈判早在2011年就已开启,但因农业等领域的分歧一度中止;在2021年重启谈判后,两国很快于2022年签订了经贸协定。在达成的协定中,印度对部分农产品进行了保护。探究印度农产品关税减让的例外安排行为,可发现其深受经济、政治和历史传统的影响。农业虽是印度经济发展的重要产业,但与澳大利亚农业相比不具优势;且印度政府需要考虑农民和相关农业集团的利益;而印度农业保护的传统和自给自足思想也对政府决策有影响。由此,在印澳的进一步贸易谈判中,印度将不太可能在农产品市场方面作出大的让步,但两国在农业技术服务和投资方面的合作可能会增强。此外,正在与其他国家的自贸谈判中,印度也会努力保护其农产品市场。