Structural-Adaptation Features of Assimilation Organs of the Species Salsola incanescens Cam. in Conditions of Kyzylkum

The article presents the results of the morpho-anatomical structure of the assimilation organs of the species Salsola leptoclada Gand, which is widespread in the Kyzylkum desert region of Uzbekistan, and reveals the structural, diagnostic and adaptive features. In the assimilation organs, Kranz type of mesophyll was found: in the cotyledons of the Kranz-spherical (Atriplicoid) type, and in the leaf—mesophylls of the Kranz-centric (Salsoloid) and Kranz-ventrodorsal type. These revealed diagnostic features of the assimilating organs of this species in arid conditions noted C4-type photosynthesis. Based on the comparative biometric analysis of quantitative indices of the anatomical features of the assimilating organs, xero-halomorphic features predominate. Halomorphic features are in the cotyledons—thin outer walls of the epidermal cells;few stomata of the anomocytic and paracytic type;few rows of spongy cells (3 - 4 rows);few vascular bundles of the collateral type and xylem, in the leaf—large and thin outer walls of the epidermal cells;succulence of the leaf mesophyll, the presence of aquiferous cells;large palisade, keratin and aquiferous cells. Xeromorphic features in the cotyledons—small and numerous epidermal cells and hemiparacytic type stomata also deep immersion;small palisade cells and a high palisade index, small spongy, hypodermal and keratin cells;small diameter of the xylem in vascular bundles;in the leaf numerous epidermal cells and stomata also deeply immersed;presence and numerous multicellular nodular, dentate trichomes;multi-row water-bearing cells;high palisade index;small and numerous xylem;numerous peripheral vascular bundles of the collateral type. These identified specific diagnostic features showing adaptation to arid conditions can also serve in the identification of plant materials.

Distribution Pattern and State of Coenotic Population of <i>Tulipa lehmanniana</i>Merckl. in Kyzylkum Desert Conditions (Uzbekistan)

The current state of coenotic populations of rare and endangered species of Uzbekistan-Tulipa lehmanniana Merckl. is given. Within the western part of the area (Kyzylkum desert) in different ecological and phytocenotic conditions, 8 coenotic populations of the species were identified. Based on the number of organism and population traits, the current state of coenotic populations of the species was evaluated. It was revealed that the vast majority of coenopopulations are in pessimal state. Coenopopulation only growing on the eastern part of the mountain Kuljuktau was assessed as optimal.

Fodder Halophytes for Saline Lands of Kyzylkum Desert

The article is devoted to the economic and biological characteristics of promising desert semi-shrub halophytes (Kochia prostrate, Salsola orientalis, Ceratoides ewersmaniana, Halothamhus subaphyllus, Camphorosma lessingii) to improve saline lands of the Kyzylkum desert.

Structural Features of the Vegetative Organs of <i>Allium kysylkumi</i>Kamelin. Growing in the Conditions of Kyzylkum

The article presents the results of studies of the anatomical structure of the vegetative organs of Allium kysylkumi of the Amaryllidaceae family, which grows in the conditions of Kyzylkum (Kokchatau outlier mountain). The characteristic diagnostic features have been determined: the outer membrane of epidermal cells is well developed by the outer folded cuticle, cutinized and more thickened;leaves are amphistomatic;stomata are the most submerged, anomocytic type;isolateral-palisade type of leaf mesophyll;the conducting bundles are closed, collateral and are arranged in two rows, of which the upper side is represented only by small bundles, in the lower row, 3 large bundles alternate with one small bundle;peduncle and peduncle, parenchymal-beam type of structure;the epidermis is single-row, folded cuticle with more thickened and cutinized;the crustal parenchyma is thin-walled, round-oval, chlorophyll-bearing;the presence of lactic acid is in the cow parenchyma;the primary cortex is separated from the central cylinder by a ring of sclerenchyma;the central cylinder is extensive;closed collateral-type conductive bundles. In the vegetative organs of Allium kysylkumi, especially in the leaf, xeromorphic characters are pronounced, which indicates the fitness of this species in natural habitat. The revealed structural diagnostic signs of vegetative organs are species-specific, and show the adaptation of this species to its natural habitat, these micromorphological signs are taxonomic significance for distinguishing and identifying Allium species.

Structural Features of the Leaf of Ephemeral Species of Representatives of the Brassicaceae Burnett Family in Southwestern Kyzylkum (Uzbekistan)

The results of a study conducted by light microscopy of the anatomical structure of the leaf in ephemeral species from the family Brassicaceae growing under the conditions of Kyzylkum (Uzbekistan) are presented. The following diagnostic, structural adaptive features were revealed: a leaf lamellar, dentate (Diptychocarpus strictus), in Leptaleum filifolium—valky. It is pubescent with various types of trichomes: stellate, dendroid (Meniocus linifolius), equilateral (Streptoloma desertorum) and unequal (Strigosella, Leptaleum filifolium species), unicellular hooked (Leptaleum filifolium). Epidermal cells flattened with wavy or winding walls. The stomata are numerous, not submerged, anomocytic, hemiparacytic, anisocytic types are noted. In all species, the isolate-palisade type of leaf mesophyll predominates. Vascular bundles of all species are sclerified. The main protective features of the leaf of species of the family Brassicaceae are pubescence and sclerification of vascular bundles. We consider the mesomorphic and xeromorphic lines of development ancient and independent. Identified and described signs that can be used in taxonomy and ecology.

The Current Situation of Coenopopulation of <i>Lepidium subcordatum</i>Botsch. et Vved. (<i>Brassicaceae</i>) in Relict Mountains Kyzylkum (Uzbekistan)

Lepidium subcordatum Botsch. et Vved. (Brassicaceae) is a rare endemic species of relict mountains of the Kyzylkum desert. The plant is listed in the “Red Data Book of Uzbekistan”. It grows on stony and rocky slopes of relict mountains. The ontogenetic structure of five coenotypical populations of this taxa growing in the Kuldzhuktau and Auminzatau mountains had been revealed. The ontogenesis duration is more than 20 years in natural habitats. All investigated coenopopulations can be assessed as normal and incomplete. The typical spectrum of coenopopulations is centralized with a peak in the middle-generative individuals. The ontogenetic spectrum of the most studied coenopopulations coincides with the characteristic ontogenetic structure that indicates a favorable environmental condition in region for self-maintenance of L. subcordatum coenopopulations.

Adaptive Features of Vegetative Organs <i>Juno hippolyti</i>(Vved.) Kamelin and <i>J. narbuti</i>(O. Fedtsch.) Vved. (Juno Tratt.) in the Conditions of the Kyzylkum Desert

For the first time, the anatomical structure of the vegetative organs of the species J. hippolyti and J. narbuti was studied in the conditions of Kyzylkum (Uzbekistan, Province Bukhara) and revealed the diagnostic features of these species. A different combination of xeromorphic and mesomorphic features was determined, which ensures adaptation to habitat conditions. In J. narbuti xeromorphic features predominate, which indicates a more adaptable and wide distribution in the natural habitat of this species. In J. hippolyti—mesomorphic signs that show the rarity of the species in their natural habitat, compared to J. narbuti.

Assessment of the State of <i>Onobrychis tavernierfolia</i>Stocks ex Boiss.(Fabaceae) Cenopopulations Southwestern Kyzylkum(Uzbekistan)

In the period 2019-2021, two coenotic populations of O. tavernierfolia were studied in different ecological and phytocenotic conditions of relic mountain Kuldzhuktau. Very rare species of the Kyzylkum. It is spread at the Kyzylkum: the Kuldzhuktau, near Ayak-Guzhumdy and Churuk (Bukhara region). Inhabits stony and gypseous slopes. There are three small populations can be found. Limiting factors: degradation of habitat as a result of overgrazing. Measures of protection: not protected. The article is devoted to the assessment of the current state of coenotic populations of the rarest southwestern Kyzylkum (Kuldzhuktau) Onobrychis tavernierfolia. It was found that the studied coenopopulations of O. tavernierfolia are normal and complete.

中央克兹勒库姆区域构造演化及铀成矿特征

中亚天山造山带中央克兹勒库姆铀成矿区是世界驰名的铀矿产地,区域构造上属叠加于海西期地槽褶皱造山带上的喜马拉雅期活化造山带中的次级造山带,有大量层间氧化带砂岩型和碳硅质板岩型铀矿床分布。经活化构造成矿分析,铀成矿作用经历了多个大地构造演化阶段,地槽造山阶段形成铀源层、体,地台阶段形成部分有利铀成矿和储矿的砂岩层,活化造山阶段形成淋积和热流体成因的工业铀矿床。

Rare and Endemic Plants of the Relic Mountain of Sultan-Uvays

The article studied rare and endemic plants scattered on the relic mountain of Sultan-Uvays. During the studies, the floristic list of the territory was also formed. Floristical studies revealed 497 species of vascular plants, belonging to 230 genera and 49 families. Investigated flora can be characterized by 1 endemic and 10 subendemic species should be included in the List of rare and endangered plants of Karakalpakistan as well as in the Red Data Book of Uzbekistan. It was found out that the populations of the studied species are in normal condition. Information obtained on the distribution of rare and endemic species is used in the preparation of plans for protection measures and monitoring studies, as well as in the preparation of the next editions of the flora of Uzbekistan and the red book of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Morphology and Structure of Fruits of Some Desert Efemers of the Genus Alyssum L.

The structure of the fetus, seed, embryo of 3 species of ephemerals of the genus Alyssum, collected in the southwestern Kyzylkum, is described. Fetus of the Alyssum species is rounded, wide-pated silicle, with fetus stems of a truncated-conical (A. dasycarpum) shape. Pericarp is 4 - 5 layered. The fetus is seedless (2 - 4), and the seeds are protein-free, with a large embryo. At the general plan of a structure, species have diagnostic signs distinguishing them on the form of a fetus, weight of seeds, the structure of embryo mesophyll.